Literature of apartment

LITERATURE STUDY
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-The term ‘apartment building’ refers to a multi-storey building
that is primarily residential in use and that has individual
residential units (apartments), on all or most floors.

INTRODUCTION:
An apartment (American English), flat (British English) or unit
(Australian English) is a self-contained housing unit (a type of residential real estate) that
occupies only part of a building, generally on a single level. Such a building may be called an
apartment building, apartment complex, flat complex, block of flats, tower block, high-rise or,
occasionally, mansion block (in British English), especially if it consists of many apartments
for rent. In Scotland, it is called a block of flats or, if it is a traditional sandstone building, a
tenement, a term which has a pejorative connotation in the United States. Apartments may be
owned by an owner/occupier, by leasehold tenure or rented by tenants (two types of housing
tenure).
A well planned apartment
Provides maximum privacy for various activities and makes
movement to any room possible without
crossing another.

HISTORY:
In ancient Rome, the insulae were large apartment
buildings where the lower and middle classes of
Romans dwelled. The floor at ground level was used
for tabernas, shops and businesses with living space
on the higher floors. Ancient Romaninsulae in Rome
and other imperial cities reached up to 10 and more
stories , some with more than 200 stairs.
In the late 19th and early 20th century, the concept of the flat was slow to catch-on
amongst the English middle-classes. Those who lived in these flats were assumed
to be adaptable and "different". In London, everyone who could afford it occupied an
entire house – even if a small one.
During the last quarter of the 19th century, ideas began to
change. Both urban growth and the increase in population meant
that more imaginative housing concepts were going to be needed
if the middle and upper classes were to maintain a pied-à-terre in
the capital. The traditional London town house was becoming
increasingly expensive to maintain. Especially for bachelors and
unmarried women, the idea of renting a modern mansion flat
came increasingly into vogue.

TYPES OF APARTMENTS:
• Studio
apartment
• Garden
apartment
• Secondary suite
• Maisonette
•Two-story flat
• Communal
apartment

STUDIO APARTMENT.
The smallest self-contained
apartments are referred to as studio, efficiency or
bachelor apartments in the US, or studio flat in the UK.
These units usually consist of a large single main room
which acts as the living room, dining room and bedroom
combined and usually also includes kitchen facilities, with
a separate smaller bathroom
GARDEN APARTMENT.
In some locales, a garden apartment
complex consists of magnet rise apartment buildings built with
landscaped grounds surrounding them. The apartment buildings
are often arranged around courtyards that are open at one end.
Such a garden apartment shares some characteristics of a
townhouse: each apartment has its own building entrance, or
shares that entrance via a staircase and lobby that adjoins other
units immediately above and/or below it. Unlike a townhouse,
each apartment occupies only one level.

SECONDARY SUITE:
When part of a house is converted for the ostensible use of a landlord's family member, the
unit may be known as an in-law apartment orgranny flat, though these created units are
often occupied by ordinary renters rather than family members. In Canada these suites are
commonly located in the basements of houses and are therefore normally called basement
suites or "mother-in-law suites."

MAISONETTE:
Maisonette is a large multi-storey apartment located in an apartment
building. Building may be a connection between two apartments above each internal staircase, connecting
the top floor with an attic, or pre-planned extension to the flat roof of the building.
The usual layout is combined kitchen and dining room, living space and
accessories on the lower floor, several bedrooms and a second bathroom on the top.
In the UK, a Maisonette is best described as a dwelling, on one or more
floors, separated horizontally from other property in the same building and with its own entrance door, as
opposed to a flat which usually has a shared entrance/hallway with others in the building.

TWO STOREY FLAT.
In Milwaukee vernacular architecture, a Polish flat is an existing small house or cottage that has been lifted up to accommodate the creation of a
new basement floor housing a separate apartment, then set down again; thus becoming a modest two-story flat.

LOFT APARTMENT.
This type of apartment developed in North America during the middle of the 20th century.
The term initially described a living space created within a former industrial building, usually 19th century. These
large apartments found favour with artists and musicians
wanting accommodation in large cities (New York for example)
and is related to unused buildings in the decaying parts of
such cities being occupied illegally by people squatting.
These loft apartments were usually located in former
high-rise warehouses and factories left vacant after town
planning rules and economic conditions in the mid 20th
century changed. The resulting apartments created a new
bohemian lifestyle and are arranged in a completely different
way from most urban living spaces, often including workshops
and art studio spaces. As the supply of old buildings of a suitable
nature has dried up developers have responded by constructing
new buildings in the same aesthetic with varying degrees of success.

COMMUNAL APARTMENT.
In Russia, a communal apartment is a room with a shared kitchen and bath. A typical arrangement is a cluster of five or so room-apartments with
a common kitchen and bathroom and separate front doors, occupying a floor in a pre-Revolutionary mansion. Traditionally a room is owned by the government and assigned to a
family on a semi-permanent basis.
SERVICED APARTMENT.
A "serviced apartment" is any size space for residential living which includes regular maid and cleaning services provided by the rental
agent. Serviced apartments or serviced flats developed in the early part of the 20th century and were briefly fashionable in the 1920s and 30s. They are intended to combine the
best features of luxury and self-contained apartments, often being an adjunct of a hotel. Like guests semi-permanently installed in a luxury hotel, residents could enjoy the
additional facilities such as house keeping, laundry, catering and other services if and when desired.
communal
serviced

LOW RISE APARTMENT:
. Twelve or more dwelling units per building. Up to four floors often clustered on a large lot,
But recent examples have more units per site acre and smaller sites.
DATA:
. 12-40 units/building.
. 3-4 floors/building interior entry.

MID- RISE APARTMENT:
. Five to eight floors of apartments. Historically rare in the twin cities. many examples Have recently built.
DATA:
. 5-8 floors/building interior entry.

HIGH- RISE APARTMENT:
. Rising at least eight stories on a small footprint. It is mostly seen in cities.
DATA:
. 8+ floors/building interior entry.

 Size requirements: Generally, a room must have minimum
dimensions of 8 feet x 8 feet x 8 feet, and must have a minimum floor
area of 80 square feet Usage
requirements: The following are rooms: bedrooms, living rooms,
studies, recreation
 rooms, kitchens. The following are not rooms: closets, halls, stairs,
laundry rooms, bathrooms, foyers, dining spaces.
Standard size Ranges from A to B
Living room 4200mm*4800mm
14ft*16ft
5400mm*7200mm
18ft*24ft
Bed room 3000mm*3600mm
10ft*12ft
4200mm*4800mm
14ft*16ft
kitchen 2500mm*3900mm
8ft*13ft
3000mm*3600mm
10ft*12ft
Store room 2500mm*2500mm
8ft*8ft
3000mm*3000mm
10ft*10ft
verandah 1800mm[6ft] 3000mm[10ft]

BUILDING ENTRIES:
-To provide building entries that are easily identifiable and assist in the identify and legibility of the development.
-To be clearly visible from streets or internal driveways so that visitors can easily identify an individual apartment.
-provide a sense of address, shelter and transitional space around the entry and contribute to security.
- Provide a minimum width of pedestrian walkway of approximately 1200 mm.

SET BACKS:
Means the space to be left fully open to
sky from the edge of the building to the property line or
boundary of the street. No built-up space shall be
provided within the setback except specifically permitted projections and other
structures under the rules.
Buildings over 15m in height have a set back of 6m around the building.

NATURAL VENTILATION
> Natural ventilation is an important aspect of apartment design because it ensures regular exchange of fresh air which is essential for maintaining comfortable living
environment.
> The design and layout of dwellings should maximise openable windows, doors or other devices in an external wall of the building, where appropriate.
> At least 40% of dwellings should achieve effective cross ventilation. Effective cross ventilation is achieved where:
1.There is a maximum breeze path through the dwelling of 18 metres.
2.There is a minimum breeze path through the dwelling of 5 metres.
3.The ventilation openings have approximately the same area. The breeze path is measured between
the ventilation openings on different orientations of the dwelling .

Habitable Room Height and Depth Standards
Habitable rooms, not including kitchens, should achieve the following proportions:
a) Room depth from window is
up to 6 m = minimum ceiling height 2.4 m
c) Room depths from window is greater than
9 m = minimum ceiling height 3.0 m.
b
b]Room depth from window is between 6 m to 9 m
= minimum ceiling height 2.7 m
> Natural air movement through a building or apartment can be achieved by the ‘stack effect’ and cross
ventilation.
> Cross-ventilation is achieved by using natural breezes and wind to produce pressure differences that
channel air through openings

DAYLIGHT:
• As natural light, especially sunlight, has a significant impact on our health and wellbeing
it’s important to consider this carefully in your apartment design. Daylight and sunlight
animate indoor spaces and enhance apartment residents’ enjoyment of an interior. Views
outside keep people in touch with their wider surroundings, the prevailing weather, and the
rhythm of the day and seasons.
• Good natural light also reduces the energy needed to provide artificial light for everyday
activities. Controlled sun penetration can also help meet part of the apartment’s winter
heating requirements when thermal mass is used correctly and if windows in the main
living areas face north.

VISUAL PRIVACY:
-Windows and balconies of an upper floor level apartment are to be designed are to prevent overlooking of more than 50% of the private open space of a lower floor
level apartment , either within the same development or adjoining development.
-where architectural devices such as screening devices,
high window sills, obscure glass are used to prevent overlooking
they should be integrated with the building design and have
negative effect on amenity for residents or neighbours.
>>fenestration area% of floor area =
window area *100
floor area
In the case of apartments and most multi-dwellings the need for (vertical circulation) can
be a dominant consideration. Although apartment buildings can be designed as walk-ups
this results in access problems for all but the most able people – any of whom may
themselves be disabled at any time by a vehicle accident and illness.
ACCESSIBILITY:

PRIVATE OPEN SPACES:
A dwelling should have private open space consisting of:
1. An area of 25 square metres, with a minimum dimension of 3 metres at natural ground floor level and convenient access from a living room, or
2. An area of 15 square metres, with a minimum dimension of 3 metres at a podium or other similar base and convenient access from a living room, or
3. A balcony with a minimum area and dimension specified in Table 1 and convenient access from a living room, or
4. A roof-top area of 10 square metres with a minimum dimension of 2 metres and convenient access from a living room.
If an air conditioning/heating/condenser unit is located on a balcony, the balcony must be an additional 1.5 square metre in area.
BARRIER FREE
DUCTS

STANDADRS AS PER MUNCIPAL CARPORATION AUTHOTITY:
• The parking area should be 20% in the built up area.
• The land scape percentage is 15% in the total built up area.
• The width of the main gate should be 5m.
• The circulation should be of 10%.
• If ground floors basement or semi basement is used for lift well, water tank, then area is not counted in far.
•Lift of escalator should be provided for building with height more than 17m
•Fire escape stair, stand by generator, over head tank of capacity 20,000 liters and underground tank of 50,000
should be compulsorily provided.
• Recreation space.
a) Plot up to 2000 Sq.mtrs. : 5% of plot area
b) Plots above 2000 mts. : 10%
The area left towards tot lot shall be open to sky and should be provided on Ground Level

THERMAL INSULATION:
. Thermal insulation is required to prevent heat from escaping dwellings in winter and entering them in summer
there are a variety of insulation materials on the market ranging from mineral wool and glass wool to polystyrene
and other rigid foams . the efficiency of thermal insulation is recorded either in U valves or R valves.
The R valve is measure of thermal resistance .
The best placement of thermal insulation material is outside of building or within a ventilated cavity .it will applied
To apart of sandwich component such as core insulated concrete wall or placed in a ventilated cavity system.
FOUNDATION AND STRUCTURAL DESIGN:
> All materials and workmanship shall be of good quality generally to accepted standards of Bureau of Indian Standard specification & codes as included in
National Building Code of India.
>foundations are divided into two categories: shallow foundations and deep foundations. The words shallow and deep refer to the depth of soil in which
the foundation is made. Shallow foundations can be made in depths of as little as 3ft (1m), while deep foundations can be made at depths of 60 - 200ft
(20 - 65m). Shallow foundations are used for small, light buildings, while deep ones are for large, heavy buildings.
the actual weight on the soil does not exist the safe bearing capacity of soil . To get a very rough idea
of the size of the footing, the engineer will take the total load on the column and divide it by the safe bearing capacity (SBC) of the soil

Considerations:
Distinct Materiality Palette: ensure material diversity that responds to, and is in keeping with the existing neighbourhood context.
Balcony Locations: maximise the passive surveillance of the public realm and to ensure privacy for residents.
Waste Storage Provisions: control the location and design of waster storage provisions at the public realm interface.
Service Boxes: control the location and design of service boxes at the public realm interface.
Fence + Wall Locations, Heights + Design: ensure an appropriate contemporary response to the existing neighbourhood context.
Post Box Location + Designs: to ensure appropriate contemporary response to the existing neighbourhood context.
Signing / Unit Numbering: to ensure an appropriate response to the existing neighbourhood context.
Playgrounds should ideally be located near the centre of the development and be visible from all units. This allows for family members to watch children
without always having to be physically present

WATER SUPPLY:
 The requirement is generally expressed in terms of
Average no. of liters/capita/day - throughout the year.
 According to Indian Standards specifications for residences (IS:779), the domestic requirement of water including drainage and sanitation is
minimum of
135 liters/head/day.
CONSUMPTION OF WATER FOR DOMESTIC PURPOSES:
 Drinking : 26%
 Cooking : 04%
 Abultion : 17%
 Washing : 26%
 Flushing : 25%
 Bathing : 02%

STORAGE :
The water may be stored either in
overhead tanks (OHT) and/or underground tanks (UGT).
Each tank shall be provided with :
a) In case only OHT is provided, it maybe taken as 33.3 to
50% of one day’s requirement;
b) In case only UGT is provided, it maybe taken as 50 to
150% of one day’s requirement; and
c) In case combined storage is provided, it maybe taken as
66.6% UGT and 33.4 % OHT of one day’s requirement.
CALCULATION OF WATER USAGE:
 150 liters/head/day
 For a single dwelling unit of 5 persons
 150*5 = 750 liters/ day
 A community of 200 dwelling units requires
 200*750 = 1,50,000liters/ day
 Generally the storage capacity is considered as 1.5 times the
requirement i.e.,
 1,50,000*1.5 = 2,25,000liters
 This can be further divided into no. of storage tanks and then
distributed

WASTE WATER TREATMENT:
 TREATMENT OF DRINKING WATER:
The basic steps in wastewater treatment are:
• preliminary treatment - to protect plant operation
• settling - to remove solids
• biological treatment - to remove organic matter
• disinfection - to remove pathogens
• solids processing - to provide safe final disposal

DRAINAGE AND SANTITATION
• The layout shall be as simple and direct as practicable.
• The pipes should be laid in straight lines, as far as possible, in both vertical and horizontal planes.
• The pipes should be non-absorbent, durable, smooth in bore and of adequate strength.
• Drains should be well ventilated, to prevent the accumulation of foul gases and fluctuation of air
pressure within the pipe, which could lead to unsealing of gully or water-closet traps.
• Sewer drain shall be laid for self-cleaning velocity of 0.75,m/s and generally should not flow more
than half-full.
• Sewer pipes should be at least 900 mm below road and at least 600 mm below fields and gardens.
 DRAINAGE

 SANITATION:
It is Designed to carry waste from plumbing fixtures and floor drains to public sanitary sewers or septic tanks.
• The capacities of drainage pipes are listed in fixture units where one unit equals
7.5gpm (28.35l/m)
STACK CAPACITIES
• Waste stacks are vertical pipes collecting all horizontal branches from each
floor. They are commonly known as intevals.
• A stack can take two branches from same level with 45 degrees Y fitting or a
sanitary T.
VENT PIPES:
• The size and length of vent pipes directly depend upon
the volume of discharge for which the soil and waste
pipe are designed.
• Venting is required to reduce the pressure variation in
branches.

 PIPING MATERIAL:
Above Ground
• Acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS plastic pipe)
• Brass
• Cast Iron
• Copper
• Galvanized steel
• PVC
Underground
• ABS plastic pipe
• Cast Iron
• Concrete pipe
• Copper
• PVC
 RESIDENTIAL DRAINAGE SYSTEM
• For residential works a 4 inch main soil stack is mandatory.
• Branches can vary between 2inch to 3 inch.
• The pipes originating from appliances used should be a minimum of
1 ½ inch thickness

RAIN WATER HARVESTING:
. The capacity C = AR/3
. Where
A = area on plan to be drained.
R = rainfall.
. The pipes dia is 6 inches.

FIRE SAFETY:
• For buildings 15 m in height or above non-combustible materials should be used for construction and the internal walls of staircase enclosures should be of brick
work or reinforced concrete or any other material of construction with minimum of 2 h rating. The walls for the chimney shall be depending on whether the gas
temperature is above 200”C or less.
• Fire catching Areas And Reasons For Fire Accidents In Residential Buildings Kitchen, Short circuits etc. Set backs are must and stood for any kind of structure
or buildings.
• In case of apartments set backs should be 1/3rd of the building height.
•The compulsory open spaces around the building shall not be used for parking;
•the main entrance; the width of such entrance shall be
not less than 4.5 m. If an arch or covered gate is constructed, it shall have a clear head-room of not less than 5 m.
.No external staircase, used as a fire escape, shall be inclined at an angle greater than 45° from the horizontal.

Maximum Height :- Every building shall be restricted in its height above the ground level and the number of storeys, depending
upon its occupancy and the type of construction. The height shall be measured as specified in Part 3 ‘Development Control Rules and
General Building Requirements’. The maximum permissible height for any combination of occupancy and types of construction should
necessarily be related to the width of street fronting the building, or floor area ratios and the local fire fighting facilities available.
• The minimum headroom in a passage under the landing of a staircase and under the
staircase shall be 2.2 m.
. External stairs shall have straight flight not less than 1250 mm wide with 250 mm treads and risers not more than 190 mm. The number of risers
shall be limited to 15 per flight.
.Handrails shall be of a height not less than 1000 mm and not exceeding 1200 mm. There shall be provisions of balusters with maximum gap of
150 mm.
. Stair case should not be situated around a lift and no gas pipes or electrical wires in stair cases.
.All external stairs shall be directly connected to the ground.

•Fire Extinguishers/Fixed Fire Fighting Installations :-
All buildings depending upon the occupancy use and height shall be protected by fue extinguishers,
wet riser, down-comer, automatic sprinkler installation, high/medium velocity water spray, foam,
gaseous or dry powder system in.
General Exit Requirements :-
An exit may be a doorway; corridor passageway(s) to an internal staircase, or external staircase, or to a
VERANDAH or terrace(s), which have access to the street, or to the roof of a building or a refuge area. An
exit may also include a horizontal exit leading to an adjoining building at same level.
Lifts and escalators shall not be considered as exits.
Every exit, exit access or exit discharge shall be continuously maintained free of all obstructions or
impediments to full use in the case of fire or other emergency.

LIFTS:
• The Planning, design and installation of lifts including their number, type and capacity depending on the
occupancy of the building, the population on each floor based on the occupant load of the building, height
shall be in accordance .
• A lift with 4 persons and 320 kg of capacity shaft size should be
1300 W x 1450 D and cabin size should be 900 W x 1000 D.

SECURITY SYSTEMS:
Access Points: provide surveillance of all access points (entry
doors) from the public realm.
Garden Access: all apartment buildings to have access points
from communal spaces to the private communal garden.
Passive Surveillance: provide passive surveillance and activation
to all parts of the public realm.
Privacy: ensure appropriate privacy of all dwellings from the public
realm.
Public / Private Definition: all public and private areas around
apartment buildings to have adequate levels of artificial lighting
which avoids pollution and adverse amenity.
Fences + Gates: reduce the negative visual impacts of any
required security fences or screens – these should be generally
designed as integral parts of the ‘intricate bases’ for each
composite group.

PARKING:
 Parking space means an area enclosed or unenclosed, covered or open, sufficient in size to park vehicles, together with a
drive-way connections, the parking space with a street or alley and permitting ingress and degress of the vehicles. Basement floor shall be
used only for parking and not for any habitation purpose.
 Parking can be permitted in one or more levels (multi-levels). In case of basement being used as parking only, the travel distance shall be
45m.
 Parking must be in 90 degrees or other than 90 degrees.
 The minimum width of the drive way shall be 4.5m.
 Visitors’ parking shall be provided with minimum 10% of the parking area.
cellar parking:A basement apartment is an apartment located below street level, underneath another structure—usually an apartment building, but possibly a
house or a business. ... Rent in basement apartments is usually much lower than it is in above-ground units, due to a number of deficiencies common to
basement
.for cellars-Air change /hr. 5-10_3-10 ventilation recommended

TYPES OF PARKING
 Underground parking
 Semi basement parking
 Undercroft parking
 Ground floor parking
 Surface parking
 Above ground parking
 Mechanized parking
 Multistore car parking
 There are 3 types of parking
1.ANGLED PARKING: (30,45,60,90 degrees)
2.PARALLEL PARKING
3.PERPENDICULAR PARKING

CAR PARKING:
.A typical arrangement allows an area of 2.4 m x 5 m for a car park with a 6 m wide double access lane between the car parks. A
wheelchair-accessible car park should be at least
3.2 m x 5 m.
.As a general rule, provide one car park for each unit. Residents who do not own a car always have the option to lease their car park to those
who require additional parking. However, the decision on the number of car parks you provide may depend on discussions with the local
building consent authority as, in areas of intensification, the infrastructure may only allow a certain number of cars without causing major
traffic congestion.
Authority Area Area of Flat Parking Requirement
(One car Parking space
equal to 20 Sq.mts.)
1. Municipal Corporation
Area. a.Below 100 Sqm.
b.Above 100 Sqm.
1 Car/Every two flats
1 Car/Every one flat
2. Other Areas of Urban Dev.
Areas excluding Mpl. Corpn.
Areas.
a.Upto 40 Sqm.
b.40-60 Sqm
c.60-100 Sqm
d.Above 100 Sqm.
1 Car/Every 4 flats
1 Car/Every 3 flats
1 Car/Every 2 flats
1 Car/Every one flat
3. Visitors Parking 1 Car/Every 10 flats.

.A motorcycle will need a parking space of 2.5 m x 1.2 m. As a rule of thumb, provide one motorcycle parking space for
every five apartment units.
MOTARCYCLE PARKING:
1. For all areas
(a) Upto 40 Sqm. 5 Scooters/every six flats.
(b) 40-60 Sqm. 3 Scooters/Every four flats.
(c) 60-100 Sqm. 1 Scooter/Every two flats.
2. Visitors parking 1 Scooter/Every five flats.
(i)The parking shall be provided only on stilt floors.
(ii)In plots of 1000 Sq.mtrs. and above, where residential apartments are taken up two stilt parking will also
be permitted if necessary. To facilitate this developments, height restriction for construction on plots of above
1000 Sq.mtrs. is relaxed. However, such constructions should adhere to the Multi-storied building regulations.
(iii)In plots of 2000 Sq.mtrs. and above parking will be allowed in basement and on stilt floor. The basement
will be allowed from the building line on the front side, on remaining sides it will be permitted after leaving
1.5 mts. from boundary wall.

Ramps: For parking spaces in basements and upper floors, at least two ramps of minimum 3.6m width or one ramp of minimum 5.4m width and
adequate slope 1 in 8 shall be provided. Such ramps shall not bellowed in mandatory setbacks including building line, however they may be
permitted in the side and rear setbacks after leaving minimum7m of setback for movement of fire-fighting vehicles. Access to these may also
be accomplished through provisions of mechanical lifts.

PROJECT DETAILS:
YAMUNA APARTMENTS
ALAKANDA ,NEW DELHI
AR.RANJITH SABIKI
DESKTOP STUDY

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INTRODUCTION:
. Yamuna apartments belong to group hosing society for lower middle class group.
. Total site area- 4.25 acres.
. Built up area – 1.49 acre (35%)
. Open space –2.76 acre. (65%)

.The designer has tried to
make the open spaces face
towards the southern side to
avoid direct light entering the
area
.The complex gives a sense of
enclosure
.There are many buffer zones
within the complex which form
the space of gathering ,social
interaction
There are large open spaces
for public use provided on
periphery of complex

CASE STUDY
LAKSHMI SRI LIKITHA PRIDE
ARCHITECT: KRISHNA KANTH

• Andhra Pradesh
•Mangalgiri-522503
SITE LOCATION

ZONING:
• It is located at residential zone
• It is situated in flat/plane area
.SITE AREA = 2971.8Sq mts
.BUILT UP AREA= 1684.1 Sq mts
LOCATION MAP SITE AREA:

SITE ANALYSIS
•BUILTUP AREA – 56.6%
•OPEN AREA – 43.3%
•CLIMATE- HOT AND HUMID CLIMATE
•TRANSPORTATION –THE SITE HAS TWO APPROACH ROADS FOR EASY TRANSPORTATION.
•APPROACH ROADS – THE SITE HAD ONE APPROACH ROAD WHICH IS CONNECTED THE HIGHWAY NH-16
ANOTHER ROAD LEADS TO MANGALGIRI.
MACRO LEVEL:

MICRO LEVEL:
•SITE ORIENTATION- SITE IS ORIENTED FACING NORTH.
•SURROUNDINGS - THE SITE IS SURROUNDED BY APPARTMENTS .
•ZONNING –THE SITE IS LOCATED AT RESIDENTIAL AREA .
•SOIL TYPE- BLACK ALLUVIAL SOIL.
•CONTOURS –NO CONTOURS AT THE SITE AND NO VEGETATION.
•WIND FLOW-NORTH EAST TO SOUTH WEST
•LAND VALUE 1 ACRE = 2 TO 3 CR

SITE PLAN:
NORTH
3BHK FLATS
2BHK FLATS

TRIPLE BED ROOM FLATS:
WEST FACING BLOCK:EAST FACING BLOCK:
AREA: 1465 Sq.ft
AREA: 1465 Sq.ft

DOUBLE BED ROOM FLATS:
WEST FACING BLOCK:EAST FACING BLOCK:
AREA: 1125 Sq.ft AREA: 1125 Sq.ft

ELEVATIONS:
North block east elevation

ELEVATIONS:
South block east elevation

MERITS:
.Site has proper road transportation.
.Landscape: The space between two blocks is used to tot lot and playing area.
.Proper stair cases with raise of 10 cm
.Prover ventilation is provided between the blocks.
.Water tank orientation with good use of levels
.Proper sewage system is provided
DEMERITS:
. Parking space is insufficient.
.vehicular access is not proper.
.watch man cabin is not provided.

s.no Name Literature
study
Desktop
study
Case study Analysis
1. Location - Alakanda,
New Delhi
mangalgiri The location should be
in residential zoning
with all facilities.
2. Site area - 4.5 acres 2971.8 sq.m Based on site condition
with respective
bye-laws i.e set backs.
3. Site
percentages
Built up -40%
Open space-
15% of built
up area
Built up percentage-
35%
Open spaces-65%
Built up -56%
Open space-44%
The built up area
should no exceed 40%
of total site area.
4. Surroundings - The site is
surrounded
By schools and
apartments
The site is
surrounded by
apartments.
The surroundings
should give pleasant
environment to the
building.
5. Climatic
conditions
- Hot climate Hot and humid
climate
The apartments should
construct as per local
climatic conditions by
using thermal
insulating materials if it
is hot climate.

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6. orientation - The site is facing
south
Facing north Normally the building
should face towards
the road.
7. Soil condition - Black soil Black alluvial soil Based on different
types of soils., Types
of foundations should
be adopt e.g. pile, raft
foundation etc..
8. Site entries The site
should have
minimum 2
entries
The site has 3
entries
Only one entry Entries should have at
least 2. one for
vehicular and
pedestrian.
9. Approach
roads
Approach
roads should
be easy
access to the
building.
One approach
road.
Two approach
roads by north
and south
directions.
Approach roads
should be easy access
to the building without
any traffic conjention.
10. Parking 20% of built
up area
_ Ground floor
parking
Parking area should
be 20%of the built up
area

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11. circulation 10% of the site area. - -
12. corridors 1.8m width 2.0m width 1.8m width Minimum corridor
width 1.8m.
13. Lifts
14. Staircases Rise-0.15
Tread-.30
Landing-1.5m
Rise-0.15
Tread-.30
Landing-1.5m
Rise-0.15
Tread-.30
Landing-1.2m
(dog-legged)
Rise-0.15
Tread-.30
Landing-1.5m
15. Open spaces

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16. Balconies Minimum
1.2m width.
1.5m width 1.2m width It varies from 1.2 to
1.5m width.
17. Landscape 15% of total
built up area.
18. ventilation
19. sun path
20. Security
systems

Literature of apartment

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