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Benefits of Video Conferencing
Benefits of video conferencing To: Pat Caring Chairperson of the Board of Directors, the
Management Group From: Max Kimberly Management Consultant Services RE: BENEFITS OF
VIDEO CONFERENCING FOR THE MANAGEMENT GROUP Introduction Video conferencing
has revolutionized how business is done today. It allows two or more people in different locations to
communicate simultaneously through two–way audio and video transmissions. It allows video
collaboration of the group thus helps to provide the company with a high return on investment while
keeping operation costs as low as possible. Today, there are low cost video conferencing systems
that use features such as video compression and powerful processors. There have been vast
improvements in the quality, ease of use and availability of video conferencing technology which
has greatly influenced the ability for people to interact and share content thus enabling the meeting
to go on as if all members were in the same room ADDIN EN.CITE Firestone200744(Firestone,
Ramalingam, & Fry, 2007)44446Firestone, S.Ramalingam, T.Fry, S.Voice and Video Conferencing
Fundamentals2007Indianapolis, IndianaCisco
Press9781587052682http://books.google.co.ke/books?id=1nQcAAAACAAJ( HYPERLINK l
"_ENREF_3" o "Firestone, 2007 #44" Firestone, Ramalingam, & Fry, 2007). The Management
Group needs to embrace video conferencing technology in order to be able to keep in touch with
their clients, company representatives and board of directors with ease
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Digital Photography Research Paper
How to Get Started With Digital Photography
By Autumn Lockwood
Aug 1, 2011
Digital photography, though pretty much the industry standard at this point, is still a young
technology. Many of the greatest advances in digital happened within the last ten years, and if you're
a later adopter it's nothing to be ashamed of – there are millions of people out there that have never
touched a digital camera.
And the best part? Learning to take digital pictures is a lot easier than you may think!
The Main Tool– A Digital Camera
When digital cameras first came out they were far outside most people's price range, but now they
are affordable for almost everyone. Now you can get a good point and shoot camera for less than
$200 or for more features you can ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Some of these tools are better than others but if you have a Mac you can use iPhoto. And in terms of
uploading, as long as your computer can see your camera or the card reader, you can upload the files
however you choose.
As for editing software, there is a wide variety of options out there for every price range imaginable.
Paint.net is a great free image editing software that offers features like layer editing and other
advanced features that other higher end software offers. Another good free photo editor is The Gimp
or you can go the professional route and buy Adobe Photoshop. But remember with Photoshop
you're buying a professional tool with a lot of features you are probably not going to need right
away.
The Final Product
Finally, once you've uploaded and edited your images, you'll probably want to share them with your
friends and family. There are many different ways to share photos, but the most popular are using
sites like Facebook or Flickr. Sharing your photos online allows your friends and family to see how
you're doing without you taking the time and effort to print out and mail them
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Essay about Darkroom vs. Digital Photography
Darkroom vs. Digital Photography
A hot topic among photographers is the ongoing debate of darkroom and digital photography. There
are never ending lists of pros and cons for each method of photography, each fuelling the long
lasting arguments. For a more thorough understanding of the two alternatives, a basic overview of
how film cameras operate in comparison to digital cameras is given. Secondly, the pros and cons of
darkroom photography are listed and examined. Thirdly the pros and cons of digital photography are
also listed and depicted in an unbiased fashion. It's time to knock these two favoured mediums off
their high pedestals and analyze them on even grounds. Film cameras have been in the process of
developing since 1664–1666 ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Digital photography was the reason for the graphics editing software such as Adobe Photoshop were
developed, and has changed the way people take pictures. The digital camera has been in
development since George Smith and Willard Boyle invented the charged–coupled device (CCD)
which is an image sensor. The original intended function of the CCD was to be the new semi–
conductor memory for computers. By 1975 image quality improved greatly and was able to be
broadcasted over television. Since then cameras have improved eminently through the years,
progressively advancing and functioning more dynamically. A digital image is a long string of 1s
and 0s that represent all the pixels in an image. Just as with film cameras, the image that is recorded
is visible light or flash. When the light bounces off the subject and is captured in the camera, it
breaks into light patterns and is converted into a series of pixel values. The light is then converted
into electric charges which are then used by the CCD or CMOS (Complementary Metal Oxide
Semiconductor) to record images.
There are differences between CCD and CMOS. CCD transports charges across the chip and
analyzes it using Analogue–to–Digital Converter (ADC) to convert the pixel's value into digital
value and converting that into binary code. CMOS uses multiple transistors at each pixel to amplify
and move the charge using slightly more traditional wires. The CCD creates less noise in the image
than the CMOS.
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Manipulation Of Digital Photography And Fashion Photography
The aim of this research project is to look at Manipulation in Digital Photography and in Fashion
Photography, before and after Adobe Photoshop was invented. The term Photoshop is commonly
used as expression to denote the manipulation of images and will be used in this context throughout
this research project. Photoshop is one of the biggest known software used to edit photographs and
as such plays a vital role in photography. Over the years Photoshop has changed drastically and this
study will look at the reasons that have contributed to the evolvment of this particular editing
software. There will also be further exploration into how far Digital Photography and Fashion
Photography go into manipulating their images. So, what is Digital Photography? Digital
photography is "The art and science of producing and manipulating photographs – photographs that
are represented as bit maps." (Beal, 2015) Digital photos can be produced in number of different
ways such as: by taking an actual picture using a Digital Camera, and by scanning in any printed
photographic images. Once the photograph is digital it turns into digital format such as JPEG or
RAW format; this is when the pictures can be edited using software such as Photoshop. People who
may not be as adept and competent in the art of photography often rely on such softwares, when
taking a good picture, as a mean to edit their picture to make it appear more professional. An
example of this could be defined as a 'generic photo
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Digital versus Film Photography
Digital Vs Film Photography
It is a debate that has been going on for years and years, especially in the twenty first century, of
which medium in photography is superior, Film or Digital, Personally I use both, I will be
discussing the issue over the length of this paper. Going through positives and negatives around both
the processes, and techniques associated with the forms of photography.
Film photography is in my opinion, more of a sense of occasion, just the feel of having to cock the
mechanism, and wind the film as you start your shooting and as you finish, always being gentle with
the fragile delicate black tape, and once the photos taken there's nothing you can do to edit it within
reason, when developing the shots, it is a laborious task to take time and get all the correct
chemicals. Film is ultimately higher in resolution than digital. So, for making very large scale prints,
film currently can't be beaten. This is specifically true for photos which have a lot of texture that
needs to be preserved, such as landscapes. The dynamic range of film, which is its ingenuity to
retain details in low light and areas of highlights, is greater. Also, it is much more merciful of
overexposure and will not blow out the highlights nearly as much as digital will. While this is
essentially idiosyncratic, some photographers and myself, we believe that film is a more "original
and authentic" form of photography. However, the same line of thinking was protuberant in the
antecedent
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How Digital Manipulation Has Changed Photography
How digital manipulation has changed photography? Photography not only makes people remember
good things, but also helps people record every day. According to Wheeler's "phototruth and
photofiction", Photographs are always manipulated in many ways. For example, computer
technology and smart phone can fix the pictures in this new century. First, people can use an app
called Photoshop which can fake pictures easily. Photoshop has great features that can add
everything into the picture wherever users want. Secondly, people use some softwares to make
pictures more beautiful. In addition, Wheeler also gives us example in the Keeneth Brower's article.
He told about faked nature photos, such as New York daily news which showed President Bill
Climton
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Digital Image And Its Effect On The Quality Of Image
Abstract: In image processing, noise reduction and restoration of image is expected to improve the
qualitative inspection of an image and the performance criteria of quantitative image analysis
techniques Digital image is inclined to a variety of noise which affects the quality of image. The
main purpose of de–noising the image is to restore the detail of original image as much as possible.
The criteria of the noise removal problem depends on the noise type by which the image is
corrupting .In the field of reducing the image noise several type of linear and non linear filtering
techniques have been proposed . Different approaches for reduction of noise and image
enhancement have been considered, each of which has their own limitation and advantages.
Index Terms– Digital Image Processing, Images Types, Image Noise Model, Filters
INTRODUCTION
Digital Image process could be a part of digital signal process .The area of digital image process
refers to handling digital pictures by means of a computing device. Digital image process has many
merits on analog image process; it permits a significantly wider assortment of algorithms to be apply
to input file and may keep from issues for instance the build–up of noise and signal deformation
throughout processing. Digital Image process involves the modification of digital information for
improving the image qualities with the help of system. The process helps in maximize the clarity,
sharpness of image and details of options of
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Digital Photography In Luco V. United States
For over a century, photographs have played an important role in both criminal and civil
proceedings. Photography in general became popular in the mid 1800's. As early as 1840, law
enforcement agencies were using photographs to help identify suspects. The first "mug shots" were
taken in Paris in 1841. (Evidence Photographers International Council, n.d.)Photography was
catching on and people flocked to get their pictures taken. While the portrait craze was taking place,
people began to think of other applications for photography. In 1859, photographs were used as
evidence for the first time in the United States. In Luco v. United States (Luco v. United States,
1859), photographs of signatures were used, in comparison of originals, in a ... Show more content
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Digital photography has experienced controversy as did film photography. For example, digital
cameras have become more readily available by being placed in everyday items such as cellphones,
laptop computers, and PDA's. Since the growing popularity of smart phones began, digital cameras
are everywhere. Most smartphones have the ability to take quality photographs as well as have
image enhancers built in to the camera. There are also dozens if not hundreds of individual
applications that can be downloaded that are capable of manipulating and editing photographs just
on your smartphone. The introduction of this technology has sparked debate on whether or not
digital photography should be admissible in court due to the risk and ease of
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Opt Digital Photography
Best Reasons to Opt for Digital Photogrpahy
By Laurie Durand
Jan 31, 2012
Today, more people are getting hooked on Digital photography. Since the birth of digital
photography, it has been easier and more convenient for people to capture the best photos they
desire. Digital Photography indeed has become the wave of today and in the near future. But what if
you're still using the old mode of taking photos– the film photography? Well, think again.
For those few people who are still using film photography, here are some good reasons why you
should opt for digital photography:
1. Generally, one of the most excellent features of choosing digital photography is that its
convenience. Aside from the fact that digital cameras are easy to use since ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
Another great thing you can get from digital photography is the capacity to modify or edit your
photos anytime. Since the images are in digital files, it is much easier now to edit them. You can
simply open the images in any photo editing software supported by the file. With the photo editing
software, you can alter or adjust the color of your photos. You can also crop the photo and design
your own photo. All of these in one photo editing package. It's more than what you can get from
film cameras.
5. If you want to put up a small business, then digital photography would be of great help. Let your
creativity works. Digital photos cannot just be simple photos. Now, you can turn them into T–shirts,
mugs, invitations, greeting cards, calendars and a lot more. This is for the fact that digital photos can
be printed anywhere and in anyway. Just make use of the right photo paper, and surely, you can
make lots of money from it.
6. Lastly, digital photography has the ability to share the photos you have you're your love ones and
relatives. You can simply give a copy of the precious moments to someone everywhere. Just attach
the softcopy of the photo to your email and send. That easy. But with film camera, you will spend
money just on scanning the photos, to be able to send them online. Of course that's an extra work for
a digital
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Advantages And Disadvantages Of Digital Photography
In a world where everything is digital and photographs are normally taken with the digital cameras,
but there are number of photographers who are still shooting with film or there are some who are
newly interested in film formats.
Below are some pros and cons that I have discussed to evaluate the difference between Film and
Digital photography, respectively.
ADVANTAGES OF DIGITAL PHOTOGRAPHY
1. You'll never have to pay for film or processing again
2. You don't have to wait to see the captured shot, you can view the shot immediately after taking
the photograph.
3. You can easily choose the images you want to print and the images can be easily be deleted that
you don't like.
4. You can record video with the digital cameras.
5. You can easily store the images.
6. You can continuously shoot with digital camera as you don't have to worry about the film.
7. You can delete the shot immediately after capturing the photo that ... Show more content on
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With an ability to shoot thousands of photos without the expensive need for film,and you can press
the preview button anytime to make sure the desired shot was taken, and there is no need to spend
hours in processing film, scanning, or printing in a darkroom. And you can that If you are not patient
and want instant satisfaction, film photography is not for you. But if you love the anticipation of
developing a roll of film to see the results, watching a photograph develop on paper in front of your
eyes, and the satisfaction of knowing what you created without the simplistic and robotic motions of
a computer, then film photography is perfect for you. It is not like that you are a better photographer
if you shoot with digital camera or film, in the end the only thing matters is the ability of the person
behind the camera to capture the image. So we can say that the it only depends on the person
whether he wants to use digital camera or film
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Denoising Of Computer Tomography Images Using Wavelet...
Denoising of Computer Tomography images using Wavelet based Multiple Thresholds Switching
(WMTS) filter
Mayank Chakraverty1 *, Ritaban Chakravarty2, Vinay Babu3 and Kinshuk Gupta4
1Semiconductor Research & Development Center, IBM, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
2New Jersey Institute of Technology, NJ, USA
3 Invntree, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
4 Indian Space Research Organization (ISRO) Satellite Centre, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
1nanomayank@yahoo.com, 2ritaban.87@gmail.com, 3vinaygbabu@gmail.com,
4kinshuk.chandigarh@gmail.com
ABSTRACT Computer Topography images are often corrupted by salt and pepper noise during
image acquisition and /or transmission, reconstruction due to a number of non–idealities
encountered in image sensors and communication channels. Noise is considered to be the number
one limiting factor of CT image quality. A novel decision–based filter, called the wavelet based
multiple thresholds switching (WMTS) filter, is used to restore images corrupted by salt–pepper
impulse noise. The filter is based on a detection–estimation strategy. The salt and pepper noise
detection algorithm is used before the filtering process, and therefore only the noise–corrupted
pixels are replaced with the estimated central noise–free ordered mean value in the current filter
window. The new impulse detector, which uses multiple thresholds with multiple neighborhood
information of the signal in the filter window, is very precise, while avoiding an undue increase in
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Film Photography : Digital Photography
In the last decades, the photography industry has experienced a rapid transition from film
photography to digital photography. Companies such as Kodak, Fujifilm, Konica, Afga, and 3M
were well known and recognized names in the industry. These companies were the industry leaders
on in the new millennium in regard to film photography. With the exponential growth in technology,
leaders in the industry had to take decisive actions with little or no room for error in order to
maintain their market share on product offerings. From film photography to digital photography, and
to Android photography or cell phone photography, this transition caused many of these industry
leaders to re evaluate their approach to new challenges in last decades in order to remain a dominant
force and came up with innovative products. In order to remain competitive, few companies in the
industry to measures to restructure their operations and develop products to meet consumer demand.
Although, some companies in the industry survive the rapid transition from one technology to
another, many struggled and eventually called closed their doors for good in the business.
In the 1990 Kodak dominated the film photography industry with a substantial amount of market
shares. Kodak was recognized as one of the world's most valuable brands. The company was
innovative and successful in its marketing campaign with slogan such as "Kodak moment" in order
to bring photography to the masses at an affordable price. The
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Analysis Of Underwater Image For Future Requirement Using
Analysis of underwater image for future requirement using
Wavelet Transform analysis
Abstract:
Optical information is transmitted in the form of digital images is becoming a large method of
communication in the modern age but still the images reach after transmission is often depraved
with noises so the received images demand processing before it can be used in application. Our
motive is that to eliminate the noise from images that is underwater images also improve the image ,
underwater images consist of different kinds of noises like random noise, speckle noise, Gaussian
noise, salt and pepper noise, Brownian noise etc. Image De–noising is involved manipulation of
images data to produce a visually high quality, images processing of improving the quality of
images by enhancing its features. The underwater image processing area has accepted appreciable
attention within the last decades so using some proper kind of filter it is possible. The filter we will
employ is a bilateral filter for smoothing the images. It is required because of a lot researchers like
forensic department, argeologiest geologist, and underwater marine lab and underwater inside hydro
lab and so on, for their research activity. The underwater images have poor image condition. First it
uses some preprocessing methodology which is to be complete before wavelet threshold de–nosing.
Then it will use CLAHE method for image enhancement along with wavelet transform then we get
some adaptive output and the images
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Beauty And Beauty Essay
Media Distorts the Way Girls View Their Bodies Surrounded by lies, in a world dictated by beauty.
One thumbs through a magazine, slowly revoking their innocence. Now with this vision of beauty
imbedded within their mind, they strive for it day after day. The idea of how one once thought they
were beautiful begins to fade away, as the idealistic beauty takes over. One once was so innocent, so
pure now has begun to despise all their imperfections. The media has formed this ideal image of
how one should look. These standards have twisted the minds of adolescents, and made them feel
less than their true potential. Young girls develop distorted views on their body due to Media's
standard about idealistic beauty. Media has highly influenced what the beauty standards should be,
regarding women especially. Photographers have created these impossible beauty standards that
young girls look up to, by altering models digitally through Photoshop. Some of the smallest
changes can be made "From transforming the light to the model's body type." (Ray, "Picture
Imperfect"). Several small changes have developed lies, which naive minds visualize to be true.
These alterations are seen everywhere. The majority of what you see daily is not actually genuine.
For example, Apelbaum states "when you look at a magazine, 98% of what you see in the fashion
industry is unreal." (Ray, "Picture Imperfect"). When 98% of what one sees is not actually how it is,
how a young is girl supposed to know what
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A Literature Study Of Watermarking Techniques On Contrast...
A LITERATURE STUDY OF WATERMARKING TECHNIQUES ON CONTRAST
ENHANCEMENT OF COLOR IMAGES Rajendra Kumar Mehra1, Amit Mishra2 1. Dept of ECE,
M–TECH student, VITS, JABALPUR, M.P., INDIA, 2. Dept of ECE, H.O.D., VITS, JABALPUR,
M.P., INDIA. ABSTRACT: In this paper a watermarking method with contrast enhancement is
presented for digital images. Digital Watermarking is a technology which is used to identify the
owner, distributor of a given image. If the watermarked images is low contrast & poor visual quality
or due to poor illumination in some imaging system, the contrasts of the obtained images are often
needs to be improve. In recent years, digital watermarking plays a vital role in providing the
appropriate solution and various researches have been carried out. In this paper, an extensive review
of the literature related to the color image watermarking is presented together with contrast
enhancement by utilizing an assortment of techniques. This method outperforms other present
algorithm by enhancing the contrast of images well without introducing undesirable artifacts.
KEYWORDS: Watermarking, Histogram equalization, CLAHE, CAHE, PSNR, MSE. I.
INTRODUCTION DIGITAL image watermarking has become a necessity in many applications
such as data authentication, broadcast monitoring on the Internet and ownership identification.
Various watermarking schemes have been proposed to protect the copyright information. There are
three indispensable, yet contrasting requirements for a
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Digital Photography : Photography, Untrue Or Manipulation
Photography true, untrue or manipulation. Photography was introduced 150 years ago and was
considered the truth. But it is a belief that the camera supposedly never lies because it is the
photographer that chooses where, when, what, why and how a photograph should be taken.
Ritchin, speculates on digital photography's relationship to analog photography on space, time, light
and authorship. His analysis, of the changes photography has undergone in technology and made
easily available, like digital camera been absorbed in various other devises like telephones,
refrigerators tables etc., and ultimately one day our skin. The challenges in taking various photos as
different angles by amateurs would destroy the quality and genuineness of the picture. There would
be no bias decision on what should or should not be made public to the world.
Social Media plays a big role in our world today and many carry some form of digital camera, Fred
Ritchin mentions that we will see photography extended into an all–day strategy because of the
devises we carry we tend to shoot pictures without considering whether it is a good or bad picture.
Phones now equipped with features allowing a person to make changes to the image taken right on
the spot would give the person access to completely change the image before they show it to the
public. This would cause a problem to the public as well as a professional photographer as the
originality of the picture would be lost.
The imminent capture of a
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The Impact Of Photography On Digital Photography
Photography is a word derived from the Greek words, photos meaning "light" and graphein meaning
"to draw" (History of Photography). The word was first used by the scientist Sir John F.W. Herschel
in 1839 (History of Photography and the Camera). It is a method of recording images by the action
of light, or related radiation, on a sensitive material. The end of the 19th century was an important
time in camera history. Shutters were incorporated into cameras, the size of the devices decreased
and these moments set the stage for a new, ever–changing century of innovation in digital
photography (From Shutters to DSLR). Digital camera technology was born out of the spy satellite
program designed to reduce the difficulties of collecting photographic data from cameras in orbit
(From Shutters to DSLR). From these early designs, digital cameras increased in resolution and
decreased in size and cost until they gradually became practical for widespread consumer use.
Following many years of steady development, Nikon has been contributed to incredible innovations
as a leading company in digital camera industry.
The first pinhole camera was invented by Alhazen, a great authority on optics in the Middle Ages
who lived around 1000AD, and it was able to explain why the images were upside down (History of
Photography and the Camera). The first practical process of photography was performed in 1829,
Niepce used paper coated with silver chloride, succeeded in photographing the images formed in
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A Literature Study Of Robust Color Image Watermarking...
A LITERATURE STUDY OF ROBUST COLOR IMAGE WATERMARKING ALGORITHM
PANKAJ SONI 1, VANDANA TRIPATI2, RITESH PANDEY3
1. Dept of ECE, ME student, G.N.C.S.G.I., JABALPUR, M.P., INDIA,
2–Dept of ECE, Asst. Prof., G.N.C.S.G.I., JABALPUR, M.P., INDIA,
2–Dept of ECE, Asst. Prof., G.N.C.S.G.I., JABALPUR, M.P., INDIA,
ABSTRACT: Digital Watermarking is a technology which is used to identify the owner, distributor
of a given image. In recent years, digital watermarking plays a vital role in providing the appropriate
solution and various researches have been carried out. In this paper, an extensive review of the
literature related to the color image watermarking is presented together with compression by
utilizing an assortment of techniques. The proposed method should provide better security while
transferring the data or messages from one end to the other end. The main objective of the paper is
to hide the message or a secret data into an image which acts as a carrier file having secret data and
to transmit to the intention securely. The watermark can be extracted with minimum error. In terms
of PSNR, the visual quality of the watermarked image is exceptional. The proposed algorithm is
robust to many image attacks and suitable for copyright protection applications.
KEYWORDS: Watermarking, Discrete wavelet transform, Discrete Cosine Transform, PSNR, MSE.
I. INTRODUCTION
DIGITAL image watermarking has become a necessity in many applications such as data
authentication, broadcast
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RF Technique Essay
BACKGROUND MODELING FOR FOREGROUND DETECTION Background modelling is
currently used to detect moving objects in video acquired from static cameras. We classify
background modelling techniques into two broad categories (non–recursive and recursive). Non–
recursive Techniques A non–recursive technique uses a sliding–window approach for background
estimation. It stores a buffer of the previous L video frames, and estimates the background image
based on the temporal variation of each pixel within the buffer. Non–recursive techniques are highly
adaptive as they do not depend on the history beyond those frames stored in the buffer. On the other
hand, the storage requirement can be significant if a large buffer is needed to ... Show more content
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1)Kalman filter: Kalman filter is a widely–used recursive technique for tracking linear dynamical
systems under Gaussian noise. The Kalman filter, is an algorithm which uses a series of
measurements observed over time, containing noise (random variations) and other inaccuracies, and
produces estimates of unknown variables that tend to be more precise than those that would be
based on a single measurement alone. More formally, the Kalman filter operates recursively on
streams of noisy input data to produce a statistically optimal estimate of the underlying system state.
2)Mixture of Gaussians (MoG): Unlike Kalman Filter which tracks the evolution of a single
Gaussian, the MoG method tracks multiple Gaussian distributions simultaneously. MoG maintains a
density function for each pixel. Thus, it is capable of handling multimodal background distributions.
PROPOSED METHOD: INTERSECTIONSOLVING METHOD A new method for background
detection is Intersection solving method. This works concentrates on extracting individual object
models from their respective image frames. The intersected region mainly used as the basis to
perform the intersection solving technique. Here, three image frames captured by an interval of
specific time. For Initial process, frame differenced operation performed on these image frames to
obtain the binary image frames. Most of the process of solving intersection mainly utilizes the
binary
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Art And Photography : Is Digital Photography Art?
Is Digital Photography Art?
The camera is a means of recording an image, and is a tool just like brushes and palette knives. It is
the user that converts the image into art and the viewer (be it a judge or not) who determines if it is
to their liking or not.
Art and photography have a lot of qualities in common and there seems to be a fine line between the
two. There's always an on–going debate with and between photographers and others as to what can
be legitimately identified as photography and what constitutes digital art.
If the substance of the picture is changed and is no longer representative of the original scene, has
the picture become more "art' than photography?
Photographic alteration is how the author wishes to interpret his art, trade or hobby, as the case may
be. Artists, since the discovery of perspective during the renaissance, have delved into methods of
expressing themselves. From the portraits of classic painters like Rembrandt or Monet's
impressionist landscapes to the extreme modern art of Warhol, they all have their own language and
principles.
Should we not accept that art is created by the human artist, influenced by the world around him or
her, and freely expressing their thoughts, feelings, passions, ideas and vision for an image? Art is not
created by the camera the paintbrush or the chisel. Art is created by humans. The tools are just tools.
Did photography kill paints and brushes? Did paints and brushes kill charred sticks and crushed
berries?
It
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Essay On Image Annotation
CHAPTER 4 ALGORITHM & IMPLEMENTATION 4.1 Implementation Here we introduce
effective data hiding for image annotation, High fidelity is a demanding requirement for data hiding
for images with artistic or medical value. This correspondence proposes image watermarking for
annotation with robustness to moderate distortion. To achieve the high fidelity of the embedded
image, the model is built by mixing the outputs from entropy and a differential localized standard
deviation filter. The mixture is then low–pass filtered and normalized to provide a model that
produces substantially better perceptual hi–fidelity than existing tools of similar complexity. The
model is built by embedding two basic watermarks: a pilot watermark that locate ... Show more
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4.3 Introduction The proposed model combines the outputs of two simple filters: entropy and a
differential standard deviation filter to estimate visual sensitivity to noise. The two outputs are
mixed using a non–linear function and a smoothing low–pass filter in a post–processing step. As a
result, image localities with sharp edges of arbitrary shape as well as uniformly or smoothly colored
areas are distinguished as "highly sensitive to noise," whereas areas with noisy texture are identified
as "tolerant to noise." This ability can be particularly appealing to several applications such as
Compression, de–noising, or watermarking. In this paper, we focus on the latter one with an
objective to create a tool that annotates images with 32 bits of meta–data. Note that we do not
impose any security requirements for the watermarking technology [4]. The developed
watermarking technology embeds two watermarks, a strong direct–sequence spread spectrum (SS)
watermark tiled over the image in the lapped bi–orthogonal transform (LBT) domain [5]. This
watermark only signals the existence of the meta–data. Next, we embed the meta–data bits using a
regional statistic quantization method. The quantization noise is optimized to improve the strength
of the SS watermark while obeying the constraints imposed by the perceptual model. We built the
watermarks to be particularly robust to aggressive JPEG compression and
... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...
Photography As A Pioneer For The Digital Image
The Digital Image is relatively new in the large scheme of things, with the advancement of
technology also came the evolution of this medium. The first instance of digital imaging came with
the invention of the camera. Photography as we know it today is usually considered to have begun in
1839 when Louis–Jacques–Mande Daguerre released the Daguerreotype image. Photography would
remain from this point a relatively expensive and crude medium that would slowly progress through
the years. In 1877 Eadweard Muybridge created a fast shutter that was capable of capturing motion.
This in itself was iconic and Eadweard would later be considered a pioneer for the digital image due
to his work on locomotion (famously the galloping horse). Photography ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
Expressive type is essentially a method of design where text is used to create some kind of image.
As shown in the references, there is a finished piece of work for this task, the poster uses type to
create the character Tyrion from the TV show Game of Thrones. The type in the poster is actually a
quote from the character and is formed in a way to shape the characters stance from an iconic
moment for him. The development of this poster involved using a previously created illustration of
the character and mixing it with typography. The original image was placed into the Adobe
Illustrator software as it provided a lot of tools for type. The text was then written out and reshaped
to form the body of the character. The typeface was selected carefully as it was meant to match the
minimalistic style of the previous illustration, therefore the typeface was sans serif. After this part of
the development was complete, the image was moved into Photoshop where the colour from the
image would be given to the text. A few basic finishing touches were given by adding blocks of
colour near certain letters to help bring the shape of the character out.
Every typeface we see, be it a street sign or a billboard has likely been carefully planned out to
provoke certain thoughts and feelings into the reader. Before looking into the design side of
typography it is important to understand the history. Way back in the 1400's the standard was
handwritten type, this was obviously very time
... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...
Social Media Synthesis Essay: The Consequences Of Digital...
Digital photography has been put together with social media applications much like Instagram.
Instagram allows the user to instantly share their photographs on social media networking site.
Hence, it provides the user with several digital photographic filters to use and possibilities for other
manipulations. For example, cropping, cropping provides the user with user with easily used tools
but it is also a constrained environment (Zappavigna, 2016) as there are restrictions, for example, on
image dimension. The types of photographs made out that the selfie is the most common type of
photo (Dinhopl & Gretzel, 2016). Dinhopl and Gretzel (2016) suggest that selfietaking, which is a
social media related practice, has consequences for photography
... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...
Research Images Taken From Mobile
Figure 5.2: Clinical images taken from mobile ("Clinical images and the use of personal mobile
devices', n.d.).
6. Identity Theft
Identity theft is an act of stealing and using another person's identity in an unauthorized way and has
become one of the most significant problems throughout the world today (Reynolds, 2015,
Glossary).
Nowadays, websites and Social media has become the best medium to share and upload the personal
photos. This is good because the photo will remain on these platforms for longer period and can be
revisited to see those photos at any time. However, there are security, safety and privacy risks
associated with it ("Photos, videos and social media", n.d.)
Social Networks are the prime targets of the attackers because it contains huge number of user
information as well as their photos. Attacker can use different technique like profile cloning in
which they create a fake profile of someone and use it to get the information of others account, and
social phishing i.e. attracting the user to the fake website that looks genuine and get their
information to steal the identity of the user, which is termed as identity theft (Gunatilaka, 2011).
Social Networks have added a new layers of complexity to define the computers and information
privacy. In a Facebook, there is a facial recognition software that has a capacity to automatically
identify a person in the uploaded photo, which is one of the major concern in terms of the privacy of
the person ("Social
... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...
Kodak Vs. Digital Photography
In consumer film photography, Kodak was clearly the market–leading incumbent. Based on the
information provided in the case it was certainly possible for Kodak to have become the leader in
consumer digital photography if they had followed the actions described below. Kodak's top
management and its internal research team had anticipated the threat from the digital photography to
their film photography business way back in 1980s. In fact, Kodak introduced the world's first
electronic image sensor, which is the most crucial component of the digital photography. They also
had developed numerous patented technologies in digital photography by 1989, many of which are
built into the digital cameras today. Despite this strong hold on intellectual properties in core digital
photography technologies, Kodak succumbed to new entrants in consumer digital photography due
to several intrinsic management flaws in its technology innovation and adoption strategies that were
certainly avoidable. Kodak should have leveraged its numerous patented technologies to gain the
first mover advantage in digital photography, instead of waiting until 1990s to release its first digital
camera. In the early adoption stage, Kodak should have strongly emphasized on product
development and manufacturing capabilities for a first generation, cost–effective, and marketable
digital camera irrespective of its quality and appeal to their consumers. Kodak was slow to adopt
this new technological change
... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...
Research Paper On Steganography
1.Abstract :
Steganography is an art and science, which is use to write hidden messages in such a way that no
one can read/understand the existing of the messages except the receiver[1]. It is an art of secret
communication.
For this communication different types of file formats can be used, because of better frequency over
the internet using digital images are preferred.To hide the secrets in images, there are many
steganography techniques used.
In image steganography there are different kind of domains used for hiding information into a image
and images are categorized in several types.
Mainly we get ideas to hide information in images using defined algorithms and crack that secret
information again using same algorithms.
The paper ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Interlinked techniques :
Mainly three techniques are interlinked, Steganography, Watermarking and Cryptography.
Steganography and Watermarking are quite difficult for those coming from different discipline.
Comparison of Steganography, Watermarking and Encryption
Steganography methods :
There are different types of steganographic techniques. Digital images technique is one the most
popular technique.
Graphic Interchange Formats (GIF), Joint Photographic Expert Group (JPEG), and to a lesser extent
: the Portable Network Graphics (PNG) are most popular image formats on the internet.
Embedded process is defined by as that :
Let CC denotes the cover carrier, Image IM, and CS the stego–image. Let S represent an optional
key (a seed used to encrypt the message) and let SM be the message we want to communicate,
image, i.e., image K.
SE is an acronym for solving and SX for extraction.
So :
SE : CC S SM  CS
Therefore SX (SE(cc,s,sm)) equivalence to sm, Ɐcc € CC, s € S, sm €
... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...
Study Guide: Digital Photography
Digital Photography Study Guide
Kaylie Taylor period: 7
Camera History:
First Camera: Camera Obscura
Lenses and Optics weren't introduced until the 17th century
First Photo: Joseph Nicephore Niepce
First Film: Henry Fox Talbot
Modern Camera Definitions:
Electronic Senor (Charged Coupling Device): replaces film, by storing photos onto a reusable
memory card
Half Press: halfway holding down the shutter button, allowing the camera to focus and producing
better composition and photo quality
ISO: the film speed, the sensitivity of the processor to light
Shutter Speed: blocks light from the sensor until the button is press then opens for a specific set of
time (Larger #'s→ faster) controls light, motion, and movement
Depth of Field: the part of ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
He was one of the first people to take pictures of war, but he took pictures of the non–gory part of
the war, like a solider camping or playing cards. He romanticized war.
Matthew Brady: He was the first photographer to use a team photographer. He took pictures of the
civil war and portrait pictures of U.S. presidents. He took the picture of Abraham Lincoln that was
used for the penny. His photography was the after effect of war, the first time photography changed
people's minds about war, and showed the bodies littering the battle field. He is the opposite of
Roger Fenton.
Jacob Riis: He showed people the dark side to New York, including poverty and living conditions.
He was one of the first people to photograph poverty. He invented flash powder, which he used to
photograph dark areas/settings.
Lewis Hine: He was a photojournalist. He photographed child labor in New York factories. His
photography helped pass child labor laws and restrictions on child
... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...
Beach Camera Research Paper
What is Beach Camera? Beach Camera is a well known consumer electronics retailer that offers a
wide range of popular products such as cameras, video equipment, computers, home entertainment
systems, and household items. The company not only offers low prices and fast shipping but also
has earned the Bizrate Circle of Excellence Award for 6 years for providing excellent customer
service. Founded in 1983, Beachcamera.com has been serving the photography and technological
world for over 30 years now and continues to provide full variety of cameras, computers, televisions
and even houseware. You can find hi–tech cameras suitable for the globe–traveling professional or
even simple cameras for backyard barbecues. Other items listed on the website
... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...
The Invention Of Digital Photography
Introduction
In the early 20th century, when the monochrome camera came to people's sight, round or oval
frames were as common as square frames. They offered a sense of both formality and intimacy.
Though the technology of digital photography is increasingly reaching more new heights, nothing
can beat holding a printed photo of a precious memory in hands. The incredible project has once
again pushed out a innovation in instant photography. The instant project is proud of its Impossible
Instant Lab to the photographic and digital world. One year ago, it debuted the Instant Lab and
received a massively successful response from the community. Now all set to launch, this
revolutionary device allows people to transform their digital iPhone ... Show more content on
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Photographic film is the indispensable part of Impossible Instant Lab when taking photos. The
quality of colorful photos depends on the quality of photographic films in some degree. The
company can launch three different levels of photographic films onto the market. Firstly, the
photographic film is needed to meet the demands of common consumers who only can afford low
level products. This type of photographic film may cost 20 penny each and be sold at the price of 50
penny. Next, regular level of photographic needed to be produced in order to offer the convenience
for the majority of consumers. This type of photographic is produced at the cost of 25 penny and the
price of 60 penny. Furthermore, some advanced photographic film is also in the consideration since
one part of consumers focus on the quality and the style of photos. As a result, the company can
produce some photographic films with better material and decoration. Consequently, the cost of it is
higher and the price is more expensive at 50 penny and 1 pound respectively.
Financial plan for cost and price of camera
The instant camera attracts young generation especially girls. According to the consumers'
consumption level, the Impossible Instant Lab can be divided in to three main aspects. Firstly,
consumers who have ability to afford the average price of the instant camera are expected to be
taken into consideration. So the raw material is supposed to be considered to be
... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...
Comparing Traditional Photography and Digital Imaging Essay
Comparing Traditional Photography and Digital Imaging
The traditional photographic process that has defined image reproduction for over 150 years
involves a long drawn out series of chemical reactions beginning with the capture of light on silver
film and ending with the fixing of the image onto paper or a transparency through the development
processing. The final image is analog, which means it is composed of continuous gradients that are
analogous to the gradients seen in the world around us.
Digital imaging, however, requires a completely different process. The image must be captured
electronically on a light sensitive silicon chip. Each silicon chip contains thousands of pixels, which
is "picture" plus "element", which ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
When turning an analog image into a digital image, it changes the process of development from
chemical to mathematical, because each pixel is represented my a number and stored in the
computers memory for easy reading. This process makes the image true and impossible to tell how
many duplicates of the image have been made.
Once information is in its digital form, it becomes very simple to save, alter, and duplicate. Because
each pixel can be enlarged and changed on the computer screen, each piece of the image can be
altered at will. Elements can be added or subtracted, changed in color, brightness, or contrast. Areas
of the picture can be copied and moved to other areas of the image where other things have been
removed, and this can be repeated indefinitely. People can be made fatter or thinner, the color of hair
and eyes can be changes, or completely removed from a picture is so desired. When the image is
finished, it can be printed or sent via telephone lines or satellite anywhere in the world.
Traditional photographs may be altered in four basic ways: in the set up of the model, camera, and
lighting before the photograph is taken; in the way the photograph is taken; in the processing of the
film; or by the addition or deletion of elements to the processed photograph, followed by retouching
the whole image. Portrait photographers are especially adept at setting up the scene and subject so
that it will appear in the most flattering light.
... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...
Advantages And Disadvantages Of Digital Radiography
As any other invention in technology goes, there are advantages and disadvantages. I have learned
within my clinical settings that every tech has a different outlook on how they feel about digital
radiography. If you ask a younger, upcoming technician about their insight towards digital
radiography, majority of them with emphasis how much they love it and how fast and easy it is.
When I asked the older techs that have been around since film screen, they don't seem too fond of
digital and still would rather work with the initial cassettes and processors.
Advantages and Disadvantages of Digital Radiography
I have come to learn both digital radiography and conventional radiography. I personally like both. I
prefer to do some exams with the conventional radiography and processor, and some exams with
digital radiography. Many people have different feelings towards one or the other. Advantages
Digital radiography has many advantages. Digital Radiography has greater image quality. They have
a wide dynamic range which helps to reduce repeat exposures. You can do post–processing
manipulation. Digital radiography provides high–resolution images that can be manipulated through
post–processing. It can reveal certain features that were not seen on the initial images taken. An
example would be a soft tissue neck x–ray, normally you would just take a lateral cervical spine x–
ray but afterward through post–processing, you would window and manipulate the image to see
... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...
Digital Schools For Photography Essay
Digital schools for photography are emerging each day with various fee structure and courses.
Earlier, photography was not a profession for everyone due to the huge expenses allied with films
and its processing. There was not a huge market to sell someone's photographs but today, clicking
and sharing your photographs with the world just requires a good digital camera and a personal
computer. Photography has stretched out into several streams and the equipments used in the
photography industry are constantly changing.
Choosing the right school is the most important decision before you venture out in this field. For
beginners and professional photographers; there are several courses available that can improve their
knowledge and skills. Some ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
However, check the value of these certificates before enrolling for a course. If you are a successful
photographer, certificates may not be much of a help but for beginners, a good photography
certificate can be an added advantage.
Fee– It is not necessary that you learn more if you pay more. There are many colleges that charge
you a hefty sum but the course may not be actually worth it. Ask for the course curriculum and
compare it with other institute's curriculum so that it will be easier for you to find out a better idea
about these courses. If you find that a particular institute's fee is not worth it, move on and enroll for
a better course.
Curriculum– Photography is an art as well as a science. A good photographer should know the
artistic and scientific sides of photography for achieving a successful career. Make sure that your
course covers the necessary scientific aspects of digital photography and editing.
It is not necessary that you should choose photography schools that offer you a university diploma
or degree. There are online schools that offer digital trainings. These courses also work pretty well if
you are willing to learn and practice what you learn in the
... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...
Digital Photography
For years, the rage in photography has been color. The old black and white methods of taking
pictures were all but forgotten. Over the past little while, new interest in the black and white photos
has surfaced. One has to admit there is something magical about these.
Actually to have photos processed in the standard format it is quite expensive if you want them in
black and white instead of color. With digital photography, this is quite easily accomplished with
detail. You can almost instantly change those color photos to black and white. There is no need to
wash the color out of the photo or to switch film. This is what makes it so much fun. Although it is
becoming more favored, it is not something many amateur photographers are NOT experimenting ...
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See what the camera sees, which is everything that is in the frame. Some cameras have the feature of
switching to the black and white mode before the picture is taken. This is good because you can see
what you are going to get. Learn to pay attention to what the viewfinder is indicating to you about
light. It will also guide you as to whether you or the subject needs to move in order to make the most
of the shot.
Instead of using color for contrast, you are going to be using shades to create your contrast. Once
thing you really do not want is a blurred black and white photo. The image must be sharp in order to
make the best of the contrast.
Lighting is very important in getting the right contrast. Colors are distinguishable; in black and
white, you do not have this advantage. The quickest way to master your techniques with lighting is
by trial and error. Meaning practice and more practice.
It is interesting to see the differences in a photo that has been taken in color and then changed to
black and white. Often people are so impressed with the black and white they will end up using that
one for their project. We can all thank the wonderful world of technology for allowing us the
benefits of capturing the moment, in our choice of color or black and
... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...
What Are The Advantages And Disadvantages Of Digital...
In traditional time all information's including books, journals articles, manuscripts, photographs etc.
are recorded in leaves, clay tablets, papers and same materials are kept in the libraries. After
development of Information Communication Technology (ICT) maximum information are
publishing in digital format. Currently various software are available for convert the print format to
digital format. It is called digital resources. The digital information's are save the space for library.
For example Encyclopaedia Britannica are published 32 volumes set in print format but same
information's are available in CD–ROM, DVD and online.
Since development of ICT maximum libraries, librarians, publishers and producers are adopting the
various hardware ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Minimum spaces are required for store the digital information.
2. There are various search option available for search the digital information and it is easily
retrieve.
3. Data of digital information's can safely store.
4. Digital information's can preserve in various form and every forms are easily accessible.
5. Hyperlinks are easily created in digital information and it is helpful to users.
6. Digital information's are easily share to another user within a second.
7. Simultaneously multiple users can access the same digital information and it is the most important
benefit to users.
Hardware and Software are used in Digitization:
Generally, digitization in itself is not a method of preservation, it helps to protect valuable
documents. It allows the preservation of a reproduction of the document from the source of original
document and creating multiple copying they can access multiple user, with due respect for other
rights, to the content. The digital copies are define the choice of resolution used and bit depth they
have an impact on costs, production as well as the long –term preservation. The audio and video
documents, are digitization is the only for long –term preservation, they can easily replay of audio
and video
... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...
Film Vs. Digital Photography Essay
Between the use of film or digital photography, film is the more effective method when looking for
originality and creativity. With the adoption of digital photography, the younger generations, as well
as the older and more current photographers are becoming lazy. These groups must recognize that
the art of the photograph is being jeopardized by the digital camera and the camera phone. For the
current photographers as well as amateur photographers, this essay will serve as testimony to film as
well as other chemical methods, and how they shouldn't be ignored, but preferred. The digital era
has had a massive impact on the art world and all of its mediums, but for photography this impact
has resulted in the removal of the human from the photograph making process. This intimate process
is what makes it an art form. All of films imperfections and unique qualities, as well as its monetary
value and scarcity are just a few factors that have made it so precious. To replace this entire process
with a microchip is offensive and undermines the importance of the process that is needed to make a
photograph. Anyone can take a picture but you must make a photograph, and this skill is being
simplified to a digital camera. The impact of the digital era on photography has hindered the process
of making a photograph; painting the art form obsolete in today's society. Photography serves many
purposes and since its invention people have used it for many different reasons, but mostly for
... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...
Market Analysis for Digital Photography Industry
Eastman Kodak Company: Funtime Film Case Study, BEP 430 Marketing 20030059 Dong–ock
Kim1, 20030071 Min–geuk Kim2, 20040054 Keehyung Kim3, 20040535 Yohan Jo4, 20076006
Huang Qiuling5, 20076035 Dorjsuren Bayarmaa6 Marketing Team A1 2 3 4 5 6
erst_licht99@hotmail.com1, kmg0702@hanmail.net2, keehyoung@gmail.com3,
zukjimote@gmail.com4, sharlin_huangqiuling@hotmail.com5, gordok_88@yahoo.com6 Professor:
Wonjoon Kim Date submitted: April 10, 2007 TO: George Fisher, chief executive officer, Eastman
Kodak Company FROM: Dong–ock Kim, Min–geuk Kim, Keehyung Kim, Yohan Jo, Huang
Qiuling, Dorjsuren Bayarmaa RE: Eastman Kodak Company: Funtime Film DATE: April 10, 2007
First of all, we've analyzed about Kodak's circumstances and problems. ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
The implementation of this strategy is so simple. If consumers purchase over 25 rolls of film at
once, Kodak give them a coupon that they can print 5 rolls of film for free at the next time visit. At
least 13% of each household can print 5 rolls of film for free, so Kodak should bear the expenses. It
means that Kodak's variable cost increases and net profit decreases. In the short run Kodak ma y
lose some profit; however, in the long run, I'm sure that it could reinforce the qua ntity of consumers
who want to purchase Kodak's products. In addition, only Kodak has capabilities to do this strategy,
because Kodak is exclusive company in film market which has the highest profit (gross) margin. If
this strategy makes a great success, Kodak's competitors may reduce the price. They has lower profit
margin even now, so it means a shortcut to get bankrupt for them. You can find other real cases
using this strategy2. success of other classes. This effect is called 'Bowling Alley Strategy' because it
looks like a bowling pin that is hit by the bowl at first. The first pin makes other pins fall down. –
Moore, Geoffrey (1991), Crossing the Chasm, Harpper Business. 2 박철 (2005), "도서무료배송을
통한 인터파크의 인터넷 도서시장 선점사례", 마케팅 과학연구 제15집 제2호, pp. 227–244. –
5– Exhibit 1. SWOT analysis Favorable Internal Strength – High brand name value – High market
share – High gross margin Weakness – High price
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Digital Photography : Digital Technology
DIGITAL TECH DISRUPT
–The change occurred from the introduction digital photography and over the reign of the film based
photography, in other words the switch from chemical based image capturing towards data storage
represent perfectly the disruption effect an innovation can have within an industry and its players.
The introduction of cameras using digital imaging started to be sold in the last decade of 19th
century. With this new technology, the products and their composition changed; the main hardware
which is the camera but also the consumables. When cameras used to rely on a roll film before, they
now are composed of a memory card. This technological switch allows the cameras to be of smaller
size, of easier use and manipulation and basically in overall, more user–friendly. However, when
those new products were initially developed and introduced to the market, the quality of the pictures
provided by the digital cameras did not match the ones using the old traditional technology. Indeed,
the chemical films still had a quality advantage, and as a new technology is created, it requires some
time to be refined and affordable to best satisfy consumers. It is said that time will enable the
innovative company as well as competition to adapt the product and compete over price which is in
the interest of the customer (ref). This explains why it had been anticipated that this disruptive
innovation would take one or two decades before responding to market expectations. The
... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...
Film and Digital Photography
There are several key differences between a film camera and digital camera. For instance, a film–
based camera records images directly onto a light–sensitive coated film, while a digital camera
records images (via an image sensor) onto flash memory cards.
A digital camera comes with an LCD display which can be used for viewing images immediately
after you have taken the shot, whereas for film, you have to bring it to a photolab for developing
before you can see the picture
There are many differences between film and digital photography. To most amateur photographers
they do not matter much. They prefer the convenience, ease of use and lower cost of digital cameras
and are not going to revert to the film age. However understanding the ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
The cost of a photo: Photos taken with a digital camera literally cost nothing. The photos are kept in
erasable memory and thus can always be discarded at no cost. Also the photos you would like to
keep can be copied to digital media such as a computer's hard disk. With storage prices going down
the cost of saving a photo on disk is practically zero. Film does cost money. With a film camera you
have to pay for the roll of film, for developing the negative and for printing the photo. Every time
you press the shutter button you spend money.
The capacity: With ever growing storage capacities digital cameras today can hold hundreds and
sometimes thousands of photos on a single media. You can always have a few more in your pocket
and changing is very fast. The result is that a digital camera has practically infinite capacity. You can
shoot as many photos as you want and at the end of the day just dump them on your computer's disk.
Film cameras' capacity is very limited. A roll of 36 photos can only hold 36 photos. After a roll is
used changing to a new roll can take time and is not easy to do in scenarios such as darkness or a
harsh environment. For that reason many professional journalists carry a few cameras on them and
instead of changing rolls they turn and use another camera just so that they do not miss a shooting
opportunity.
The feedback: One of the most important features of the digital camera is instant feedback. Almost
all digital cameras include a small LCD
... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...
Why Did Digital Photography Come Such A Long Way
Photography has been a medium, a window of the changes that occurred throughout history. It has
existed for ages and has been evolving with the changing times.
How did Digital Photography come such a long way? Here are the golden reasons why:
Unlike the classical, old film type of photography, Digital Photography is earth–friendly. It does not
need any chemicals to spill down the sink.
No need for the fear of exposing the neither film nor risk damaging, scratching or getting it dirty.
Reduces your need for any additional worry to carry upon your shoulders.
Digital photography is way cheaper. You don't need to spend money on films. You have your
memory card to store the images so you have the freedom to take as many shots as you can. Fire
... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...

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Benefits Of Video Conferencing

  • 1. Benefits of Video Conferencing Benefits of video conferencing To: Pat Caring Chairperson of the Board of Directors, the Management Group From: Max Kimberly Management Consultant Services RE: BENEFITS OF VIDEO CONFERENCING FOR THE MANAGEMENT GROUP Introduction Video conferencing has revolutionized how business is done today. It allows two or more people in different locations to communicate simultaneously through two–way audio and video transmissions. It allows video collaboration of the group thus helps to provide the company with a high return on investment while keeping operation costs as low as possible. Today, there are low cost video conferencing systems that use features such as video compression and powerful processors. There have been vast improvements in the quality, ease of use and availability of video conferencing technology which has greatly influenced the ability for people to interact and share content thus enabling the meeting to go on as if all members were in the same room ADDIN EN.CITE Firestone200744(Firestone, Ramalingam, & Fry, 2007)44446Firestone, S.Ramalingam, T.Fry, S.Voice and Video Conferencing Fundamentals2007Indianapolis, IndianaCisco Press9781587052682http://books.google.co.ke/books?id=1nQcAAAACAAJ( HYPERLINK l "_ENREF_3" o "Firestone, 2007 #44" Firestone, Ramalingam, & Fry, 2007). The Management Group needs to embrace video conferencing technology in order to be able to keep in touch with their clients, company representatives and board of directors with ease ... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...
  • 2.
  • 3. Digital Photography Research Paper How to Get Started With Digital Photography By Autumn Lockwood Aug 1, 2011 Digital photography, though pretty much the industry standard at this point, is still a young technology. Many of the greatest advances in digital happened within the last ten years, and if you're a later adopter it's nothing to be ashamed of – there are millions of people out there that have never touched a digital camera. And the best part? Learning to take digital pictures is a lot easier than you may think! The Main Tool– A Digital Camera When digital cameras first came out they were far outside most people's price range, but now they are affordable for almost everyone. Now you can get a good point and shoot camera for less than $200 or for more features you can ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ... Some of these tools are better than others but if you have a Mac you can use iPhoto. And in terms of uploading, as long as your computer can see your camera or the card reader, you can upload the files however you choose. As for editing software, there is a wide variety of options out there for every price range imaginable. Paint.net is a great free image editing software that offers features like layer editing and other advanced features that other higher end software offers. Another good free photo editor is The Gimp or you can go the professional route and buy Adobe Photoshop. But remember with Photoshop you're buying a professional tool with a lot of features you are probably not going to need right away. The Final Product Finally, once you've uploaded and edited your images, you'll probably want to share them with your friends and family. There are many different ways to share photos, but the most popular are using sites like Facebook or Flickr. Sharing your photos online allows your friends and family to see how you're doing without you taking the time and effort to print out and mail them ... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...
  • 4.
  • 5. Essay about Darkroom vs. Digital Photography Darkroom vs. Digital Photography A hot topic among photographers is the ongoing debate of darkroom and digital photography. There are never ending lists of pros and cons for each method of photography, each fuelling the long lasting arguments. For a more thorough understanding of the two alternatives, a basic overview of how film cameras operate in comparison to digital cameras is given. Secondly, the pros and cons of darkroom photography are listed and examined. Thirdly the pros and cons of digital photography are also listed and depicted in an unbiased fashion. It's time to knock these two favoured mediums off their high pedestals and analyze them on even grounds. Film cameras have been in the process of developing since 1664–1666 ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ... Digital photography was the reason for the graphics editing software such as Adobe Photoshop were developed, and has changed the way people take pictures. The digital camera has been in development since George Smith and Willard Boyle invented the charged–coupled device (CCD) which is an image sensor. The original intended function of the CCD was to be the new semi– conductor memory for computers. By 1975 image quality improved greatly and was able to be broadcasted over television. Since then cameras have improved eminently through the years, progressively advancing and functioning more dynamically. A digital image is a long string of 1s and 0s that represent all the pixels in an image. Just as with film cameras, the image that is recorded is visible light or flash. When the light bounces off the subject and is captured in the camera, it breaks into light patterns and is converted into a series of pixel values. The light is then converted into electric charges which are then used by the CCD or CMOS (Complementary Metal Oxide Semiconductor) to record images. There are differences between CCD and CMOS. CCD transports charges across the chip and analyzes it using Analogue–to–Digital Converter (ADC) to convert the pixel's value into digital value and converting that into binary code. CMOS uses multiple transistors at each pixel to amplify and move the charge using slightly more traditional wires. The CCD creates less noise in the image than the CMOS. ... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...
  • 6.
  • 7. Manipulation Of Digital Photography And Fashion Photography The aim of this research project is to look at Manipulation in Digital Photography and in Fashion Photography, before and after Adobe Photoshop was invented. The term Photoshop is commonly used as expression to denote the manipulation of images and will be used in this context throughout this research project. Photoshop is one of the biggest known software used to edit photographs and as such plays a vital role in photography. Over the years Photoshop has changed drastically and this study will look at the reasons that have contributed to the evolvment of this particular editing software. There will also be further exploration into how far Digital Photography and Fashion Photography go into manipulating their images. So, what is Digital Photography? Digital photography is "The art and science of producing and manipulating photographs – photographs that are represented as bit maps." (Beal, 2015) Digital photos can be produced in number of different ways such as: by taking an actual picture using a Digital Camera, and by scanning in any printed photographic images. Once the photograph is digital it turns into digital format such as JPEG or RAW format; this is when the pictures can be edited using software such as Photoshop. People who may not be as adept and competent in the art of photography often rely on such softwares, when taking a good picture, as a mean to edit their picture to make it appear more professional. An example of this could be defined as a 'generic photo ... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...
  • 8.
  • 9. Digital versus Film Photography Digital Vs Film Photography It is a debate that has been going on for years and years, especially in the twenty first century, of which medium in photography is superior, Film or Digital, Personally I use both, I will be discussing the issue over the length of this paper. Going through positives and negatives around both the processes, and techniques associated with the forms of photography. Film photography is in my opinion, more of a sense of occasion, just the feel of having to cock the mechanism, and wind the film as you start your shooting and as you finish, always being gentle with the fragile delicate black tape, and once the photos taken there's nothing you can do to edit it within reason, when developing the shots, it is a laborious task to take time and get all the correct chemicals. Film is ultimately higher in resolution than digital. So, for making very large scale prints, film currently can't be beaten. This is specifically true for photos which have a lot of texture that needs to be preserved, such as landscapes. The dynamic range of film, which is its ingenuity to retain details in low light and areas of highlights, is greater. Also, it is much more merciful of overexposure and will not blow out the highlights nearly as much as digital will. While this is essentially idiosyncratic, some photographers and myself, we believe that film is a more "original and authentic" form of photography. However, the same line of thinking was protuberant in the antecedent ... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...
  • 10.
  • 11. How Digital Manipulation Has Changed Photography How digital manipulation has changed photography? Photography not only makes people remember good things, but also helps people record every day. According to Wheeler's "phototruth and photofiction", Photographs are always manipulated in many ways. For example, computer technology and smart phone can fix the pictures in this new century. First, people can use an app called Photoshop which can fake pictures easily. Photoshop has great features that can add everything into the picture wherever users want. Secondly, people use some softwares to make pictures more beautiful. In addition, Wheeler also gives us example in the Keeneth Brower's article. He told about faked nature photos, such as New York daily news which showed President Bill Climton ... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...
  • 12.
  • 13. Digital Image And Its Effect On The Quality Of Image Abstract: In image processing, noise reduction and restoration of image is expected to improve the qualitative inspection of an image and the performance criteria of quantitative image analysis techniques Digital image is inclined to a variety of noise which affects the quality of image. The main purpose of de–noising the image is to restore the detail of original image as much as possible. The criteria of the noise removal problem depends on the noise type by which the image is corrupting .In the field of reducing the image noise several type of linear and non linear filtering techniques have been proposed . Different approaches for reduction of noise and image enhancement have been considered, each of which has their own limitation and advantages. Index Terms– Digital Image Processing, Images Types, Image Noise Model, Filters INTRODUCTION Digital Image process could be a part of digital signal process .The area of digital image process refers to handling digital pictures by means of a computing device. Digital image process has many merits on analog image process; it permits a significantly wider assortment of algorithms to be apply to input file and may keep from issues for instance the build–up of noise and signal deformation throughout processing. Digital Image process involves the modification of digital information for improving the image qualities with the help of system. The process helps in maximize the clarity, sharpness of image and details of options of ... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...
  • 14.
  • 15. Digital Photography In Luco V. United States For over a century, photographs have played an important role in both criminal and civil proceedings. Photography in general became popular in the mid 1800's. As early as 1840, law enforcement agencies were using photographs to help identify suspects. The first "mug shots" were taken in Paris in 1841. (Evidence Photographers International Council, n.d.)Photography was catching on and people flocked to get their pictures taken. While the portrait craze was taking place, people began to think of other applications for photography. In 1859, photographs were used as evidence for the first time in the United States. In Luco v. United States (Luco v. United States, 1859), photographs of signatures were used, in comparison of originals, in a ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ... Digital photography has experienced controversy as did film photography. For example, digital cameras have become more readily available by being placed in everyday items such as cellphones, laptop computers, and PDA's. Since the growing popularity of smart phones began, digital cameras are everywhere. Most smartphones have the ability to take quality photographs as well as have image enhancers built in to the camera. There are also dozens if not hundreds of individual applications that can be downloaded that are capable of manipulating and editing photographs just on your smartphone. The introduction of this technology has sparked debate on whether or not digital photography should be admissible in court due to the risk and ease of ... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...
  • 16.
  • 17. Opt Digital Photography Best Reasons to Opt for Digital Photogrpahy By Laurie Durand Jan 31, 2012 Today, more people are getting hooked on Digital photography. Since the birth of digital photography, it has been easier and more convenient for people to capture the best photos they desire. Digital Photography indeed has become the wave of today and in the near future. But what if you're still using the old mode of taking photos– the film photography? Well, think again. For those few people who are still using film photography, here are some good reasons why you should opt for digital photography: 1. Generally, one of the most excellent features of choosing digital photography is that its convenience. Aside from the fact that digital cameras are easy to use since ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ... Another great thing you can get from digital photography is the capacity to modify or edit your photos anytime. Since the images are in digital files, it is much easier now to edit them. You can simply open the images in any photo editing software supported by the file. With the photo editing software, you can alter or adjust the color of your photos. You can also crop the photo and design your own photo. All of these in one photo editing package. It's more than what you can get from film cameras. 5. If you want to put up a small business, then digital photography would be of great help. Let your creativity works. Digital photos cannot just be simple photos. Now, you can turn them into T–shirts, mugs, invitations, greeting cards, calendars and a lot more. This is for the fact that digital photos can be printed anywhere and in anyway. Just make use of the right photo paper, and surely, you can make lots of money from it. 6. Lastly, digital photography has the ability to share the photos you have you're your love ones and relatives. You can simply give a copy of the precious moments to someone everywhere. Just attach the softcopy of the photo to your email and send. That easy. But with film camera, you will spend money just on scanning the photos, to be able to send them online. Of course that's an extra work for a digital ... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...
  • 18.
  • 19. Advantages And Disadvantages Of Digital Photography In a world where everything is digital and photographs are normally taken with the digital cameras, but there are number of photographers who are still shooting with film or there are some who are newly interested in film formats. Below are some pros and cons that I have discussed to evaluate the difference between Film and Digital photography, respectively. ADVANTAGES OF DIGITAL PHOTOGRAPHY 1. You'll never have to pay for film or processing again 2. You don't have to wait to see the captured shot, you can view the shot immediately after taking the photograph. 3. You can easily choose the images you want to print and the images can be easily be deleted that you don't like. 4. You can record video with the digital cameras. 5. You can easily store the images. 6. You can continuously shoot with digital camera as you don't have to worry about the film. 7. You can delete the shot immediately after capturing the photo that ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ... With an ability to shoot thousands of photos without the expensive need for film,and you can press the preview button anytime to make sure the desired shot was taken, and there is no need to spend hours in processing film, scanning, or printing in a darkroom. And you can that If you are not patient and want instant satisfaction, film photography is not for you. But if you love the anticipation of developing a roll of film to see the results, watching a photograph develop on paper in front of your eyes, and the satisfaction of knowing what you created without the simplistic and robotic motions of a computer, then film photography is perfect for you. It is not like that you are a better photographer if you shoot with digital camera or film, in the end the only thing matters is the ability of the person behind the camera to capture the image. So we can say that the it only depends on the person whether he wants to use digital camera or film ... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...
  • 20.
  • 21. Denoising Of Computer Tomography Images Using Wavelet... Denoising of Computer Tomography images using Wavelet based Multiple Thresholds Switching (WMTS) filter Mayank Chakraverty1 *, Ritaban Chakravarty2, Vinay Babu3 and Kinshuk Gupta4 1Semiconductor Research & Development Center, IBM, Bangalore, Karnataka, India 2New Jersey Institute of Technology, NJ, USA 3 Invntree, Bangalore, Karnataka, India 4 Indian Space Research Organization (ISRO) Satellite Centre, Bangalore, Karnataka, India 1nanomayank@yahoo.com, 2ritaban.87@gmail.com, 3vinaygbabu@gmail.com, 4kinshuk.chandigarh@gmail.com ABSTRACT Computer Topography images are often corrupted by salt and pepper noise during image acquisition and /or transmission, reconstruction due to a number of non–idealities encountered in image sensors and communication channels. Noise is considered to be the number one limiting factor of CT image quality. A novel decision–based filter, called the wavelet based multiple thresholds switching (WMTS) filter, is used to restore images corrupted by salt–pepper impulse noise. The filter is based on a detection–estimation strategy. The salt and pepper noise detection algorithm is used before the filtering process, and therefore only the noise–corrupted pixels are replaced with the estimated central noise–free ordered mean value in the current filter window. The new impulse detector, which uses multiple thresholds with multiple neighborhood information of the signal in the filter window, is very precise, while avoiding an undue increase in ... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...
  • 22.
  • 23. Film Photography : Digital Photography In the last decades, the photography industry has experienced a rapid transition from film photography to digital photography. Companies such as Kodak, Fujifilm, Konica, Afga, and 3M were well known and recognized names in the industry. These companies were the industry leaders on in the new millennium in regard to film photography. With the exponential growth in technology, leaders in the industry had to take decisive actions with little or no room for error in order to maintain their market share on product offerings. From film photography to digital photography, and to Android photography or cell phone photography, this transition caused many of these industry leaders to re evaluate their approach to new challenges in last decades in order to remain a dominant force and came up with innovative products. In order to remain competitive, few companies in the industry to measures to restructure their operations and develop products to meet consumer demand. Although, some companies in the industry survive the rapid transition from one technology to another, many struggled and eventually called closed their doors for good in the business. In the 1990 Kodak dominated the film photography industry with a substantial amount of market shares. Kodak was recognized as one of the world's most valuable brands. The company was innovative and successful in its marketing campaign with slogan such as "Kodak moment" in order to bring photography to the masses at an affordable price. The ... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...
  • 24.
  • 25. Analysis Of Underwater Image For Future Requirement Using Analysis of underwater image for future requirement using Wavelet Transform analysis Abstract: Optical information is transmitted in the form of digital images is becoming a large method of communication in the modern age but still the images reach after transmission is often depraved with noises so the received images demand processing before it can be used in application. Our motive is that to eliminate the noise from images that is underwater images also improve the image , underwater images consist of different kinds of noises like random noise, speckle noise, Gaussian noise, salt and pepper noise, Brownian noise etc. Image De–noising is involved manipulation of images data to produce a visually high quality, images processing of improving the quality of images by enhancing its features. The underwater image processing area has accepted appreciable attention within the last decades so using some proper kind of filter it is possible. The filter we will employ is a bilateral filter for smoothing the images. It is required because of a lot researchers like forensic department, argeologiest geologist, and underwater marine lab and underwater inside hydro lab and so on, for their research activity. The underwater images have poor image condition. First it uses some preprocessing methodology which is to be complete before wavelet threshold de–nosing. Then it will use CLAHE method for image enhancement along with wavelet transform then we get some adaptive output and the images ... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...
  • 26.
  • 27. Beauty And Beauty Essay Media Distorts the Way Girls View Their Bodies Surrounded by lies, in a world dictated by beauty. One thumbs through a magazine, slowly revoking their innocence. Now with this vision of beauty imbedded within their mind, they strive for it day after day. The idea of how one once thought they were beautiful begins to fade away, as the idealistic beauty takes over. One once was so innocent, so pure now has begun to despise all their imperfections. The media has formed this ideal image of how one should look. These standards have twisted the minds of adolescents, and made them feel less than their true potential. Young girls develop distorted views on their body due to Media's standard about idealistic beauty. Media has highly influenced what the beauty standards should be, regarding women especially. Photographers have created these impossible beauty standards that young girls look up to, by altering models digitally through Photoshop. Some of the smallest changes can be made "From transforming the light to the model's body type." (Ray, "Picture Imperfect"). Several small changes have developed lies, which naive minds visualize to be true. These alterations are seen everywhere. The majority of what you see daily is not actually genuine. For example, Apelbaum states "when you look at a magazine, 98% of what you see in the fashion industry is unreal." (Ray, "Picture Imperfect"). When 98% of what one sees is not actually how it is, how a young is girl supposed to know what ... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...
  • 28.
  • 29. A Literature Study Of Watermarking Techniques On Contrast... A LITERATURE STUDY OF WATERMARKING TECHNIQUES ON CONTRAST ENHANCEMENT OF COLOR IMAGES Rajendra Kumar Mehra1, Amit Mishra2 1. Dept of ECE, M–TECH student, VITS, JABALPUR, M.P., INDIA, 2. Dept of ECE, H.O.D., VITS, JABALPUR, M.P., INDIA. ABSTRACT: In this paper a watermarking method with contrast enhancement is presented for digital images. Digital Watermarking is a technology which is used to identify the owner, distributor of a given image. If the watermarked images is low contrast & poor visual quality or due to poor illumination in some imaging system, the contrasts of the obtained images are often needs to be improve. In recent years, digital watermarking plays a vital role in providing the appropriate solution and various researches have been carried out. In this paper, an extensive review of the literature related to the color image watermarking is presented together with contrast enhancement by utilizing an assortment of techniques. This method outperforms other present algorithm by enhancing the contrast of images well without introducing undesirable artifacts. KEYWORDS: Watermarking, Histogram equalization, CLAHE, CAHE, PSNR, MSE. I. INTRODUCTION DIGITAL image watermarking has become a necessity in many applications such as data authentication, broadcast monitoring on the Internet and ownership identification. Various watermarking schemes have been proposed to protect the copyright information. There are three indispensable, yet contrasting requirements for a ... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...
  • 30.
  • 31. Digital Photography : Photography, Untrue Or Manipulation Photography true, untrue or manipulation. Photography was introduced 150 years ago and was considered the truth. But it is a belief that the camera supposedly never lies because it is the photographer that chooses where, when, what, why and how a photograph should be taken. Ritchin, speculates on digital photography's relationship to analog photography on space, time, light and authorship. His analysis, of the changes photography has undergone in technology and made easily available, like digital camera been absorbed in various other devises like telephones, refrigerators tables etc., and ultimately one day our skin. The challenges in taking various photos as different angles by amateurs would destroy the quality and genuineness of the picture. There would be no bias decision on what should or should not be made public to the world. Social Media plays a big role in our world today and many carry some form of digital camera, Fred Ritchin mentions that we will see photography extended into an all–day strategy because of the devises we carry we tend to shoot pictures without considering whether it is a good or bad picture. Phones now equipped with features allowing a person to make changes to the image taken right on the spot would give the person access to completely change the image before they show it to the public. This would cause a problem to the public as well as a professional photographer as the originality of the picture would be lost. The imminent capture of a ... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...
  • 32.
  • 33. The Impact Of Photography On Digital Photography Photography is a word derived from the Greek words, photos meaning "light" and graphein meaning "to draw" (History of Photography). The word was first used by the scientist Sir John F.W. Herschel in 1839 (History of Photography and the Camera). It is a method of recording images by the action of light, or related radiation, on a sensitive material. The end of the 19th century was an important time in camera history. Shutters were incorporated into cameras, the size of the devices decreased and these moments set the stage for a new, ever–changing century of innovation in digital photography (From Shutters to DSLR). Digital camera technology was born out of the spy satellite program designed to reduce the difficulties of collecting photographic data from cameras in orbit (From Shutters to DSLR). From these early designs, digital cameras increased in resolution and decreased in size and cost until they gradually became practical for widespread consumer use. Following many years of steady development, Nikon has been contributed to incredible innovations as a leading company in digital camera industry. The first pinhole camera was invented by Alhazen, a great authority on optics in the Middle Ages who lived around 1000AD, and it was able to explain why the images were upside down (History of Photography and the Camera). The first practical process of photography was performed in 1829, Niepce used paper coated with silver chloride, succeeded in photographing the images formed in ... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...
  • 34.
  • 35. A Literature Study Of Robust Color Image Watermarking... A LITERATURE STUDY OF ROBUST COLOR IMAGE WATERMARKING ALGORITHM PANKAJ SONI 1, VANDANA TRIPATI2, RITESH PANDEY3 1. Dept of ECE, ME student, G.N.C.S.G.I., JABALPUR, M.P., INDIA, 2–Dept of ECE, Asst. Prof., G.N.C.S.G.I., JABALPUR, M.P., INDIA, 2–Dept of ECE, Asst. Prof., G.N.C.S.G.I., JABALPUR, M.P., INDIA, ABSTRACT: Digital Watermarking is a technology which is used to identify the owner, distributor of a given image. In recent years, digital watermarking plays a vital role in providing the appropriate solution and various researches have been carried out. In this paper, an extensive review of the literature related to the color image watermarking is presented together with compression by utilizing an assortment of techniques. The proposed method should provide better security while transferring the data or messages from one end to the other end. The main objective of the paper is to hide the message or a secret data into an image which acts as a carrier file having secret data and to transmit to the intention securely. The watermark can be extracted with minimum error. In terms of PSNR, the visual quality of the watermarked image is exceptional. The proposed algorithm is robust to many image attacks and suitable for copyright protection applications. KEYWORDS: Watermarking, Discrete wavelet transform, Discrete Cosine Transform, PSNR, MSE. I. INTRODUCTION DIGITAL image watermarking has become a necessity in many applications such as data authentication, broadcast ... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...
  • 36.
  • 37. RF Technique Essay BACKGROUND MODELING FOR FOREGROUND DETECTION Background modelling is currently used to detect moving objects in video acquired from static cameras. We classify background modelling techniques into two broad categories (non–recursive and recursive). Non– recursive Techniques A non–recursive technique uses a sliding–window approach for background estimation. It stores a buffer of the previous L video frames, and estimates the background image based on the temporal variation of each pixel within the buffer. Non–recursive techniques are highly adaptive as they do not depend on the history beyond those frames stored in the buffer. On the other hand, the storage requirement can be significant if a large buffer is needed to ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ... 1)Kalman filter: Kalman filter is a widely–used recursive technique for tracking linear dynamical systems under Gaussian noise. The Kalman filter, is an algorithm which uses a series of measurements observed over time, containing noise (random variations) and other inaccuracies, and produces estimates of unknown variables that tend to be more precise than those that would be based on a single measurement alone. More formally, the Kalman filter operates recursively on streams of noisy input data to produce a statistically optimal estimate of the underlying system state. 2)Mixture of Gaussians (MoG): Unlike Kalman Filter which tracks the evolution of a single Gaussian, the MoG method tracks multiple Gaussian distributions simultaneously. MoG maintains a density function for each pixel. Thus, it is capable of handling multimodal background distributions. PROPOSED METHOD: INTERSECTIONSOLVING METHOD A new method for background detection is Intersection solving method. This works concentrates on extracting individual object models from their respective image frames. The intersected region mainly used as the basis to perform the intersection solving technique. Here, three image frames captured by an interval of specific time. For Initial process, frame differenced operation performed on these image frames to obtain the binary image frames. Most of the process of solving intersection mainly utilizes the binary ... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...
  • 38.
  • 39. Art And Photography : Is Digital Photography Art? Is Digital Photography Art? The camera is a means of recording an image, and is a tool just like brushes and palette knives. It is the user that converts the image into art and the viewer (be it a judge or not) who determines if it is to their liking or not. Art and photography have a lot of qualities in common and there seems to be a fine line between the two. There's always an on–going debate with and between photographers and others as to what can be legitimately identified as photography and what constitutes digital art. If the substance of the picture is changed and is no longer representative of the original scene, has the picture become more "art' than photography? Photographic alteration is how the author wishes to interpret his art, trade or hobby, as the case may be. Artists, since the discovery of perspective during the renaissance, have delved into methods of expressing themselves. From the portraits of classic painters like Rembrandt or Monet's impressionist landscapes to the extreme modern art of Warhol, they all have their own language and principles. Should we not accept that art is created by the human artist, influenced by the world around him or her, and freely expressing their thoughts, feelings, passions, ideas and vision for an image? Art is not created by the camera the paintbrush or the chisel. Art is created by humans. The tools are just tools. Did photography kill paints and brushes? Did paints and brushes kill charred sticks and crushed berries? It ... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...
  • 40.
  • 41. Essay On Image Annotation CHAPTER 4 ALGORITHM & IMPLEMENTATION 4.1 Implementation Here we introduce effective data hiding for image annotation, High fidelity is a demanding requirement for data hiding for images with artistic or medical value. This correspondence proposes image watermarking for annotation with robustness to moderate distortion. To achieve the high fidelity of the embedded image, the model is built by mixing the outputs from entropy and a differential localized standard deviation filter. The mixture is then low–pass filtered and normalized to provide a model that produces substantially better perceptual hi–fidelity than existing tools of similar complexity. The model is built by embedding two basic watermarks: a pilot watermark that locate ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ... 4.3 Introduction The proposed model combines the outputs of two simple filters: entropy and a differential standard deviation filter to estimate visual sensitivity to noise. The two outputs are mixed using a non–linear function and a smoothing low–pass filter in a post–processing step. As a result, image localities with sharp edges of arbitrary shape as well as uniformly or smoothly colored areas are distinguished as "highly sensitive to noise," whereas areas with noisy texture are identified as "tolerant to noise." This ability can be particularly appealing to several applications such as Compression, de–noising, or watermarking. In this paper, we focus on the latter one with an objective to create a tool that annotates images with 32 bits of meta–data. Note that we do not impose any security requirements for the watermarking technology [4]. The developed watermarking technology embeds two watermarks, a strong direct–sequence spread spectrum (SS) watermark tiled over the image in the lapped bi–orthogonal transform (LBT) domain [5]. This watermark only signals the existence of the meta–data. Next, we embed the meta–data bits using a regional statistic quantization method. The quantization noise is optimized to improve the strength of the SS watermark while obeying the constraints imposed by the perceptual model. We built the watermarks to be particularly robust to aggressive JPEG compression and ... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...
  • 42.
  • 43. Photography As A Pioneer For The Digital Image The Digital Image is relatively new in the large scheme of things, with the advancement of technology also came the evolution of this medium. The first instance of digital imaging came with the invention of the camera. Photography as we know it today is usually considered to have begun in 1839 when Louis–Jacques–Mande Daguerre released the Daguerreotype image. Photography would remain from this point a relatively expensive and crude medium that would slowly progress through the years. In 1877 Eadweard Muybridge created a fast shutter that was capable of capturing motion. This in itself was iconic and Eadweard would later be considered a pioneer for the digital image due to his work on locomotion (famously the galloping horse). Photography ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ... Expressive type is essentially a method of design where text is used to create some kind of image. As shown in the references, there is a finished piece of work for this task, the poster uses type to create the character Tyrion from the TV show Game of Thrones. The type in the poster is actually a quote from the character and is formed in a way to shape the characters stance from an iconic moment for him. The development of this poster involved using a previously created illustration of the character and mixing it with typography. The original image was placed into the Adobe Illustrator software as it provided a lot of tools for type. The text was then written out and reshaped to form the body of the character. The typeface was selected carefully as it was meant to match the minimalistic style of the previous illustration, therefore the typeface was sans serif. After this part of the development was complete, the image was moved into Photoshop where the colour from the image would be given to the text. A few basic finishing touches were given by adding blocks of colour near certain letters to help bring the shape of the character out. Every typeface we see, be it a street sign or a billboard has likely been carefully planned out to provoke certain thoughts and feelings into the reader. Before looking into the design side of typography it is important to understand the history. Way back in the 1400's the standard was handwritten type, this was obviously very time ... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...
  • 44.
  • 45. Social Media Synthesis Essay: The Consequences Of Digital... Digital photography has been put together with social media applications much like Instagram. Instagram allows the user to instantly share their photographs on social media networking site. Hence, it provides the user with several digital photographic filters to use and possibilities for other manipulations. For example, cropping, cropping provides the user with user with easily used tools but it is also a constrained environment (Zappavigna, 2016) as there are restrictions, for example, on image dimension. The types of photographs made out that the selfie is the most common type of photo (Dinhopl & Gretzel, 2016). Dinhopl and Gretzel (2016) suggest that selfietaking, which is a social media related practice, has consequences for photography ... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...
  • 46.
  • 47. Research Images Taken From Mobile Figure 5.2: Clinical images taken from mobile ("Clinical images and the use of personal mobile devices', n.d.). 6. Identity Theft Identity theft is an act of stealing and using another person's identity in an unauthorized way and has become one of the most significant problems throughout the world today (Reynolds, 2015, Glossary). Nowadays, websites and Social media has become the best medium to share and upload the personal photos. This is good because the photo will remain on these platforms for longer period and can be revisited to see those photos at any time. However, there are security, safety and privacy risks associated with it ("Photos, videos and social media", n.d.) Social Networks are the prime targets of the attackers because it contains huge number of user information as well as their photos. Attacker can use different technique like profile cloning in which they create a fake profile of someone and use it to get the information of others account, and social phishing i.e. attracting the user to the fake website that looks genuine and get their information to steal the identity of the user, which is termed as identity theft (Gunatilaka, 2011). Social Networks have added a new layers of complexity to define the computers and information privacy. In a Facebook, there is a facial recognition software that has a capacity to automatically identify a person in the uploaded photo, which is one of the major concern in terms of the privacy of the person ("Social ... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...
  • 48.
  • 49. Kodak Vs. Digital Photography In consumer film photography, Kodak was clearly the market–leading incumbent. Based on the information provided in the case it was certainly possible for Kodak to have become the leader in consumer digital photography if they had followed the actions described below. Kodak's top management and its internal research team had anticipated the threat from the digital photography to their film photography business way back in 1980s. In fact, Kodak introduced the world's first electronic image sensor, which is the most crucial component of the digital photography. They also had developed numerous patented technologies in digital photography by 1989, many of which are built into the digital cameras today. Despite this strong hold on intellectual properties in core digital photography technologies, Kodak succumbed to new entrants in consumer digital photography due to several intrinsic management flaws in its technology innovation and adoption strategies that were certainly avoidable. Kodak should have leveraged its numerous patented technologies to gain the first mover advantage in digital photography, instead of waiting until 1990s to release its first digital camera. In the early adoption stage, Kodak should have strongly emphasized on product development and manufacturing capabilities for a first generation, cost–effective, and marketable digital camera irrespective of its quality and appeal to their consumers. Kodak was slow to adopt this new technological change ... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...
  • 50.
  • 51. Research Paper On Steganography 1.Abstract : Steganography is an art and science, which is use to write hidden messages in such a way that no one can read/understand the existing of the messages except the receiver[1]. It is an art of secret communication. For this communication different types of file formats can be used, because of better frequency over the internet using digital images are preferred.To hide the secrets in images, there are many steganography techniques used. In image steganography there are different kind of domains used for hiding information into a image and images are categorized in several types. Mainly we get ideas to hide information in images using defined algorithms and crack that secret information again using same algorithms. The paper ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ... Interlinked techniques : Mainly three techniques are interlinked, Steganography, Watermarking and Cryptography. Steganography and Watermarking are quite difficult for those coming from different discipline. Comparison of Steganography, Watermarking and Encryption Steganography methods : There are different types of steganographic techniques. Digital images technique is one the most popular technique. Graphic Interchange Formats (GIF), Joint Photographic Expert Group (JPEG), and to a lesser extent : the Portable Network Graphics (PNG) are most popular image formats on the internet. Embedded process is defined by as that : Let CC denotes the cover carrier, Image IM, and CS the stego–image. Let S represent an optional key (a seed used to encrypt the message) and let SM be the message we want to communicate, image, i.e., image K.
  • 52. SE is an acronym for solving and SX for extraction. So : SE : CC S SM  CS Therefore SX (SE(cc,s,sm)) equivalence to sm, Ɐcc € CC, s € S, sm € ... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...
  • 53.
  • 54. Study Guide: Digital Photography Digital Photography Study Guide Kaylie Taylor period: 7 Camera History: First Camera: Camera Obscura Lenses and Optics weren't introduced until the 17th century First Photo: Joseph Nicephore Niepce First Film: Henry Fox Talbot Modern Camera Definitions: Electronic Senor (Charged Coupling Device): replaces film, by storing photos onto a reusable memory card Half Press: halfway holding down the shutter button, allowing the camera to focus and producing better composition and photo quality ISO: the film speed, the sensitivity of the processor to light Shutter Speed: blocks light from the sensor until the button is press then opens for a specific set of time (Larger #'s→ faster) controls light, motion, and movement Depth of Field: the part of ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ... He was one of the first people to take pictures of war, but he took pictures of the non–gory part of the war, like a solider camping or playing cards. He romanticized war. Matthew Brady: He was the first photographer to use a team photographer. He took pictures of the civil war and portrait pictures of U.S. presidents. He took the picture of Abraham Lincoln that was used for the penny. His photography was the after effect of war, the first time photography changed people's minds about war, and showed the bodies littering the battle field. He is the opposite of Roger Fenton. Jacob Riis: He showed people the dark side to New York, including poverty and living conditions. He was one of the first people to photograph poverty. He invented flash powder, which he used to photograph dark areas/settings. Lewis Hine: He was a photojournalist. He photographed child labor in New York factories. His photography helped pass child labor laws and restrictions on child ... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...
  • 55.
  • 56. Beach Camera Research Paper What is Beach Camera? Beach Camera is a well known consumer electronics retailer that offers a wide range of popular products such as cameras, video equipment, computers, home entertainment systems, and household items. The company not only offers low prices and fast shipping but also has earned the Bizrate Circle of Excellence Award for 6 years for providing excellent customer service. Founded in 1983, Beachcamera.com has been serving the photography and technological world for over 30 years now and continues to provide full variety of cameras, computers, televisions and even houseware. You can find hi–tech cameras suitable for the globe–traveling professional or even simple cameras for backyard barbecues. Other items listed on the website ... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...
  • 57.
  • 58. The Invention Of Digital Photography Introduction In the early 20th century, when the monochrome camera came to people's sight, round or oval frames were as common as square frames. They offered a sense of both formality and intimacy. Though the technology of digital photography is increasingly reaching more new heights, nothing can beat holding a printed photo of a precious memory in hands. The incredible project has once again pushed out a innovation in instant photography. The instant project is proud of its Impossible Instant Lab to the photographic and digital world. One year ago, it debuted the Instant Lab and received a massively successful response from the community. Now all set to launch, this revolutionary device allows people to transform their digital iPhone ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ... Photographic film is the indispensable part of Impossible Instant Lab when taking photos. The quality of colorful photos depends on the quality of photographic films in some degree. The company can launch three different levels of photographic films onto the market. Firstly, the photographic film is needed to meet the demands of common consumers who only can afford low level products. This type of photographic film may cost 20 penny each and be sold at the price of 50 penny. Next, regular level of photographic needed to be produced in order to offer the convenience for the majority of consumers. This type of photographic is produced at the cost of 25 penny and the price of 60 penny. Furthermore, some advanced photographic film is also in the consideration since one part of consumers focus on the quality and the style of photos. As a result, the company can produce some photographic films with better material and decoration. Consequently, the cost of it is higher and the price is more expensive at 50 penny and 1 pound respectively. Financial plan for cost and price of camera The instant camera attracts young generation especially girls. According to the consumers' consumption level, the Impossible Instant Lab can be divided in to three main aspects. Firstly, consumers who have ability to afford the average price of the instant camera are expected to be taken into consideration. So the raw material is supposed to be considered to be ... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...
  • 59.
  • 60. Comparing Traditional Photography and Digital Imaging Essay Comparing Traditional Photography and Digital Imaging The traditional photographic process that has defined image reproduction for over 150 years involves a long drawn out series of chemical reactions beginning with the capture of light on silver film and ending with the fixing of the image onto paper or a transparency through the development processing. The final image is analog, which means it is composed of continuous gradients that are analogous to the gradients seen in the world around us. Digital imaging, however, requires a completely different process. The image must be captured electronically on a light sensitive silicon chip. Each silicon chip contains thousands of pixels, which is "picture" plus "element", which ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ... When turning an analog image into a digital image, it changes the process of development from chemical to mathematical, because each pixel is represented my a number and stored in the computers memory for easy reading. This process makes the image true and impossible to tell how many duplicates of the image have been made. Once information is in its digital form, it becomes very simple to save, alter, and duplicate. Because each pixel can be enlarged and changed on the computer screen, each piece of the image can be altered at will. Elements can be added or subtracted, changed in color, brightness, or contrast. Areas of the picture can be copied and moved to other areas of the image where other things have been removed, and this can be repeated indefinitely. People can be made fatter or thinner, the color of hair and eyes can be changes, or completely removed from a picture is so desired. When the image is finished, it can be printed or sent via telephone lines or satellite anywhere in the world. Traditional photographs may be altered in four basic ways: in the set up of the model, camera, and lighting before the photograph is taken; in the way the photograph is taken; in the processing of the film; or by the addition or deletion of elements to the processed photograph, followed by retouching the whole image. Portrait photographers are especially adept at setting up the scene and subject so that it will appear in the most flattering light. ... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...
  • 61.
  • 62. Advantages And Disadvantages Of Digital Radiography As any other invention in technology goes, there are advantages and disadvantages. I have learned within my clinical settings that every tech has a different outlook on how they feel about digital radiography. If you ask a younger, upcoming technician about their insight towards digital radiography, majority of them with emphasis how much they love it and how fast and easy it is. When I asked the older techs that have been around since film screen, they don't seem too fond of digital and still would rather work with the initial cassettes and processors. Advantages and Disadvantages of Digital Radiography I have come to learn both digital radiography and conventional radiography. I personally like both. I prefer to do some exams with the conventional radiography and processor, and some exams with digital radiography. Many people have different feelings towards one or the other. Advantages Digital radiography has many advantages. Digital Radiography has greater image quality. They have a wide dynamic range which helps to reduce repeat exposures. You can do post–processing manipulation. Digital radiography provides high–resolution images that can be manipulated through post–processing. It can reveal certain features that were not seen on the initial images taken. An example would be a soft tissue neck x–ray, normally you would just take a lateral cervical spine x– ray but afterward through post–processing, you would window and manipulate the image to see ... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...
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  • 64. Digital Schools For Photography Essay Digital schools for photography are emerging each day with various fee structure and courses. Earlier, photography was not a profession for everyone due to the huge expenses allied with films and its processing. There was not a huge market to sell someone's photographs but today, clicking and sharing your photographs with the world just requires a good digital camera and a personal computer. Photography has stretched out into several streams and the equipments used in the photography industry are constantly changing. Choosing the right school is the most important decision before you venture out in this field. For beginners and professional photographers; there are several courses available that can improve their knowledge and skills. Some ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ... However, check the value of these certificates before enrolling for a course. If you are a successful photographer, certificates may not be much of a help but for beginners, a good photography certificate can be an added advantage. Fee– It is not necessary that you learn more if you pay more. There are many colleges that charge you a hefty sum but the course may not be actually worth it. Ask for the course curriculum and compare it with other institute's curriculum so that it will be easier for you to find out a better idea about these courses. If you find that a particular institute's fee is not worth it, move on and enroll for a better course. Curriculum– Photography is an art as well as a science. A good photographer should know the artistic and scientific sides of photography for achieving a successful career. Make sure that your course covers the necessary scientific aspects of digital photography and editing. It is not necessary that you should choose photography schools that offer you a university diploma or degree. There are online schools that offer digital trainings. These courses also work pretty well if you are willing to learn and practice what you learn in the ... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...
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  • 66. Digital Photography For years, the rage in photography has been color. The old black and white methods of taking pictures were all but forgotten. Over the past little while, new interest in the black and white photos has surfaced. One has to admit there is something magical about these. Actually to have photos processed in the standard format it is quite expensive if you want them in black and white instead of color. With digital photography, this is quite easily accomplished with detail. You can almost instantly change those color photos to black and white. There is no need to wash the color out of the photo or to switch film. This is what makes it so much fun. Although it is becoming more favored, it is not something many amateur photographers are NOT experimenting ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ... See what the camera sees, which is everything that is in the frame. Some cameras have the feature of switching to the black and white mode before the picture is taken. This is good because you can see what you are going to get. Learn to pay attention to what the viewfinder is indicating to you about light. It will also guide you as to whether you or the subject needs to move in order to make the most of the shot. Instead of using color for contrast, you are going to be using shades to create your contrast. Once thing you really do not want is a blurred black and white photo. The image must be sharp in order to make the best of the contrast. Lighting is very important in getting the right contrast. Colors are distinguishable; in black and white, you do not have this advantage. The quickest way to master your techniques with lighting is by trial and error. Meaning practice and more practice. It is interesting to see the differences in a photo that has been taken in color and then changed to black and white. Often people are so impressed with the black and white they will end up using that one for their project. We can all thank the wonderful world of technology for allowing us the benefits of capturing the moment, in our choice of color or black and ... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...
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  • 68. What Are The Advantages And Disadvantages Of Digital... In traditional time all information's including books, journals articles, manuscripts, photographs etc. are recorded in leaves, clay tablets, papers and same materials are kept in the libraries. After development of Information Communication Technology (ICT) maximum information are publishing in digital format. Currently various software are available for convert the print format to digital format. It is called digital resources. The digital information's are save the space for library. For example Encyclopaedia Britannica are published 32 volumes set in print format but same information's are available in CD–ROM, DVD and online. Since development of ICT maximum libraries, librarians, publishers and producers are adopting the various hardware ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ... Minimum spaces are required for store the digital information. 2. There are various search option available for search the digital information and it is easily retrieve. 3. Data of digital information's can safely store. 4. Digital information's can preserve in various form and every forms are easily accessible. 5. Hyperlinks are easily created in digital information and it is helpful to users. 6. Digital information's are easily share to another user within a second. 7. Simultaneously multiple users can access the same digital information and it is the most important benefit to users. Hardware and Software are used in Digitization: Generally, digitization in itself is not a method of preservation, it helps to protect valuable documents. It allows the preservation of a reproduction of the document from the source of original document and creating multiple copying they can access multiple user, with due respect for other rights, to the content. The digital copies are define the choice of resolution used and bit depth they have an impact on costs, production as well as the long –term preservation. The audio and video documents, are digitization is the only for long –term preservation, they can easily replay of audio and video ... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...
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  • 70. Film Vs. Digital Photography Essay Between the use of film or digital photography, film is the more effective method when looking for originality and creativity. With the adoption of digital photography, the younger generations, as well as the older and more current photographers are becoming lazy. These groups must recognize that the art of the photograph is being jeopardized by the digital camera and the camera phone. For the current photographers as well as amateur photographers, this essay will serve as testimony to film as well as other chemical methods, and how they shouldn't be ignored, but preferred. The digital era has had a massive impact on the art world and all of its mediums, but for photography this impact has resulted in the removal of the human from the photograph making process. This intimate process is what makes it an art form. All of films imperfections and unique qualities, as well as its monetary value and scarcity are just a few factors that have made it so precious. To replace this entire process with a microchip is offensive and undermines the importance of the process that is needed to make a photograph. Anyone can take a picture but you must make a photograph, and this skill is being simplified to a digital camera. The impact of the digital era on photography has hindered the process of making a photograph; painting the art form obsolete in today's society. Photography serves many purposes and since its invention people have used it for many different reasons, but mostly for ... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...
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  • 72. Market Analysis for Digital Photography Industry Eastman Kodak Company: Funtime Film Case Study, BEP 430 Marketing 20030059 Dong–ock Kim1, 20030071 Min–geuk Kim2, 20040054 Keehyung Kim3, 20040535 Yohan Jo4, 20076006 Huang Qiuling5, 20076035 Dorjsuren Bayarmaa6 Marketing Team A1 2 3 4 5 6 erst_licht99@hotmail.com1, kmg0702@hanmail.net2, keehyoung@gmail.com3, zukjimote@gmail.com4, sharlin_huangqiuling@hotmail.com5, gordok_88@yahoo.com6 Professor: Wonjoon Kim Date submitted: April 10, 2007 TO: George Fisher, chief executive officer, Eastman Kodak Company FROM: Dong–ock Kim, Min–geuk Kim, Keehyung Kim, Yohan Jo, Huang Qiuling, Dorjsuren Bayarmaa RE: Eastman Kodak Company: Funtime Film DATE: April 10, 2007 First of all, we've analyzed about Kodak's circumstances and problems. ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ... The implementation of this strategy is so simple. If consumers purchase over 25 rolls of film at once, Kodak give them a coupon that they can print 5 rolls of film for free at the next time visit. At least 13% of each household can print 5 rolls of film for free, so Kodak should bear the expenses. It means that Kodak's variable cost increases and net profit decreases. In the short run Kodak ma y lose some profit; however, in the long run, I'm sure that it could reinforce the qua ntity of consumers who want to purchase Kodak's products. In addition, only Kodak has capabilities to do this strategy, because Kodak is exclusive company in film market which has the highest profit (gross) margin. If this strategy makes a great success, Kodak's competitors may reduce the price. They has lower profit margin even now, so it means a shortcut to get bankrupt for them. You can find other real cases using this strategy2. success of other classes. This effect is called 'Bowling Alley Strategy' because it looks like a bowling pin that is hit by the bowl at first. The first pin makes other pins fall down. – Moore, Geoffrey (1991), Crossing the Chasm, Harpper Business. 2 박철 (2005), "도서무료배송을 통한 인터파크의 인터넷 도서시장 선점사례", 마케팅 과학연구 제15집 제2호, pp. 227–244. – 5– Exhibit 1. SWOT analysis Favorable Internal Strength – High brand name value – High market share – High gross margin Weakness – High price ... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...
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  • 74. Digital Photography : Digital Technology DIGITAL TECH DISRUPT –The change occurred from the introduction digital photography and over the reign of the film based photography, in other words the switch from chemical based image capturing towards data storage represent perfectly the disruption effect an innovation can have within an industry and its players. The introduction of cameras using digital imaging started to be sold in the last decade of 19th century. With this new technology, the products and their composition changed; the main hardware which is the camera but also the consumables. When cameras used to rely on a roll film before, they now are composed of a memory card. This technological switch allows the cameras to be of smaller size, of easier use and manipulation and basically in overall, more user–friendly. However, when those new products were initially developed and introduced to the market, the quality of the pictures provided by the digital cameras did not match the ones using the old traditional technology. Indeed, the chemical films still had a quality advantage, and as a new technology is created, it requires some time to be refined and affordable to best satisfy consumers. It is said that time will enable the innovative company as well as competition to adapt the product and compete over price which is in the interest of the customer (ref). This explains why it had been anticipated that this disruptive innovation would take one or two decades before responding to market expectations. The ... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...
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  • 76. Film and Digital Photography There are several key differences between a film camera and digital camera. For instance, a film– based camera records images directly onto a light–sensitive coated film, while a digital camera records images (via an image sensor) onto flash memory cards. A digital camera comes with an LCD display which can be used for viewing images immediately after you have taken the shot, whereas for film, you have to bring it to a photolab for developing before you can see the picture There are many differences between film and digital photography. To most amateur photographers they do not matter much. They prefer the convenience, ease of use and lower cost of digital cameras and are not going to revert to the film age. However understanding the ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ... The cost of a photo: Photos taken with a digital camera literally cost nothing. The photos are kept in erasable memory and thus can always be discarded at no cost. Also the photos you would like to keep can be copied to digital media such as a computer's hard disk. With storage prices going down the cost of saving a photo on disk is practically zero. Film does cost money. With a film camera you have to pay for the roll of film, for developing the negative and for printing the photo. Every time you press the shutter button you spend money. The capacity: With ever growing storage capacities digital cameras today can hold hundreds and sometimes thousands of photos on a single media. You can always have a few more in your pocket and changing is very fast. The result is that a digital camera has practically infinite capacity. You can shoot as many photos as you want and at the end of the day just dump them on your computer's disk. Film cameras' capacity is very limited. A roll of 36 photos can only hold 36 photos. After a roll is used changing to a new roll can take time and is not easy to do in scenarios such as darkness or a harsh environment. For that reason many professional journalists carry a few cameras on them and instead of changing rolls they turn and use another camera just so that they do not miss a shooting opportunity. The feedback: One of the most important features of the digital camera is instant feedback. Almost all digital cameras include a small LCD ... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...
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  • 78. Why Did Digital Photography Come Such A Long Way Photography has been a medium, a window of the changes that occurred throughout history. It has existed for ages and has been evolving with the changing times. How did Digital Photography come such a long way? Here are the golden reasons why: Unlike the classical, old film type of photography, Digital Photography is earth–friendly. It does not need any chemicals to spill down the sink. No need for the fear of exposing the neither film nor risk damaging, scratching or getting it dirty. Reduces your need for any additional worry to carry upon your shoulders. Digital photography is way cheaper. You don't need to spend money on films. You have your memory card to store the images so you have the freedom to take as many shots as you can. Fire ... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...