This document provides an overview of European exploration and colonization between 1400-1600. It discusses major explorers like Zheng He, Vasco da Gama, Christopher Columbus, and Ferdinand Magellan who explored Asia, Africa, the Americas and new trade routes for Portugal and Spain. New technologies like the compass and caravel ships enabled these expeditions. Colonization of the Americas by Spain led to the destruction of the Aztec and Incan empires and the establishment of the first global economic system involving the triangular trade between Europe, Africa and the Americas, including the slave trade.
1. In this unit, you will learn about
exploration and colonization from 1400-
1600
2.
3. Zheng He, a chinese explored
was commissioned to lead several
overseas journeys
4. Practiced isolationism (isolated the nation
from the rest of the world)
expelled Christian missionaries
burned Western books
allowed only Chinese and Dutch trade
6. 1. Looking for new sources of wealth
2. Traded spices
Nutmeg, ginger, pepper, cinnamon
1. Looked for trade routes directly to
Asia
2. “Glory, Gold, God”—explorers
journeyed for money, fame, and
Christianity
7. Eventually explorers found a new sea
route to Asia.
Portugal dominated exploration
initially
Dutch formed the Dutch East India
Trading Company (see image below).
http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Fl
ag_of_the_Dutch_East_India_Company.svg/800px-
Flag_of_the_Dutch_East_India_Company.svg.png
8. New technology
helped exploration
1. Triangular Sails—helped sail against
the wind
2. Compass—directional tool
3. Sextant (upper right picture)—
helped with navigation
4. Large cargo area in the
Caravel
Triangular sails
9. Bartolomeu Dias; sailed for Portugal; explored
and reached southern tip of Africa
Vasco Da Gama; sailed for Portugal; rounded tip
of Africa
Zheng He; sailed for China China; explored Asia
and Eastern Africa
Christopher Columbus; sailed for Spain; explored
Caribbean (Bahamas)
Hernando Cortes; sailed for Spain; colonized
regions in Mexico, US, South America
10. Prince Henry of Portugal;
founded school of navigation to
train explorers
Amerigo Vespucci; sailed for
Portugal; South America
Ferdinand Magellan; sailed for
Spain; rounded the tip of South
America, Guam, Philippines
11. This is a map of major European explorations
http://wps.ablongman.com/wps/media/objects/262/268312/art/figures/KISH_12_271.gif
12. Colonize means to create colonies (settlers who live in
one territory and are ruled by a “parent” country)
Spanish conquerors (conquistadors) destroyed the
Aztecs and Incans of S. America
Native-Americans had no weapons to challenge Spanish
conquerors
80%-95% of Native Americans died
Spanish and Portuguese Kings became RICH!—Spanish
created an Empire
13. Continents became interdependent on
one another
Imports (goods brought into a
country) and exports (good sent out of
a country) began
Joint stock corporations developed—
similar to stock market today
Slave trade developed (Triangular
Trade)
14. Trade between
Europe, Africa,
and the
Americas—
formed a
TRIANGLE!
Check out the
next slide to
see the goods
and materials
traded between
these three
regions
http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/41/Triangular_trade_wordless.jpg
15.
16. From Africa to the Americas emerged the slave
trade. Slaves were used for free labor
The passage by sea from Africa to the Americas was
called the Middle Passage (2-3 months long)
A typical
slave ship
https://eee.uci.edu/programs/humcore/images/Africa/SlaveShipBrookes.jpg