describing the anatomy the ankle joint .. with xrays and mri review explains the fracture of ankle joint , whole ankle joint fracture explained..

16.  CLINICAL FEATURES
 The patient is brought to the hospital with a history of
injury to the leg followed by the classic features of a
fracture i.e., pain, swelling, deformity etc.
 TOPICS
 • Fractures of shafts of tibia and fibula
 • Injuries of the tarsal bones
 • Ankle injuries
 • Fractures of the metatarsal bones
 • Fractures of the calcaneum
 • Fractures of the phalanges of the toes
 • Fractures of the talus
 Injuries to the Leg, Ankle and Foot There may be a wound
communicating with the underlying bone.

17. TREATMENT
For the purpose of treatment, fractures of the tibia
and fibula may be divided into two types: closed
or open.
Closed fractures: Treatment of closed fractures,
both in children and in adults, is by closed
reduction under anaesthesia followed by an
above-knee plaster cast. In children, it is possible
to achieve good alignment in most cases, and
the fracture unites in about 6 weeks. In adults,
the fracture unites in 16-20 weeks. Sometimes,
reduction is not achieved, or the fracture displaces
in the plaster. In both these cases open reduction
and internal fixation is required.
The trend is changing with the availability of
minimally invasive techniques such as of closed
nailing. More and more unstable tibial fractures are
being treated with closed interlock nailing.

23. Role of operative treatment: Open reduction and
internal fixation is necessary when it is not possible
to achieve a satisfactory alignment of a fracture
by non-operative methods. The internal fixation
device used may be a plate or an intra-medullary
nail depending upon the configuration of the
fracture. Interlock nailing provides the possibility
of internally fixing a wide spectrum of tibial
shaft fractures. With the availability of facilities,
operative treatment has now become a method of
preference.
Deciding the plan of treatment: It depends
on whether the fracture is closed or open.
A practical plan of treatment

24. Complications
 Delayed and non union(treatment by :
 Nailing with bone grafting
 Phesister grafting
 Ilizorov’s method
 Other s method)
 Mal union
 Infection
 Compartment syndrome
 Injury to major vessels and nerve

99. SPRAINED ANKLE

100. DIAGNOSIS:
 H/O : TWISTING INJURY
 PAIN (weight –bearing pain)
 SWELLING
 TENDERNESS
 SERVE PAIN:

101. RADIOLOGICAL EXAMINATION:

107. Diagnosis :
 Pain
 swelling
 Reduction of tuber-joint angle

109. Complications:
 Stiffness
 O.A

110. FRACTURE OF TALUS:

112. DIAGNOSIS:
 BECAUSE OF OVERLAPPING OF TARSALS BONES

113. Complications:
 Avascular necrosis
 Non union
 O.A

118.  FRACTURES OF PHALANGES OF THE TOES
These are common injuries, most often resulting
from fall of a heavy object, or twisting of the toes.
The great toe is injured most commonly. Satisfactory
general alignment is maintained in most cases and
little or no treatment is required. The injured toe is
covered with a soft woolly dressing and strapped
to the toe adjacent to it.

120. Thank you