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PROGRAMA NACIONAL DE FORMACIÓN EN SISTEMA DE CALIDAD Y
AMBIENTE.
Matemática Aplicada.
Unidad I.
Integrante:
Johelbys Campos C.I.: 24.156.988
Trayecto 3 Fase 2
Grupo-A
Febrero de 2021
Ejercicios propuestos 1.1:
En los siguientes problemas, clasifique cada ecuación diferencial, según su
orden, grado (si es posible) y si es lineal o no. Determine la función desconocida
y la variable independiente.
𝟒) (𝟏 − 𝒙)𝒚𝒏
− 𝟒𝒙´ + 𝟓𝒚 = 𝒄𝒐𝒔𝒙
Solución:
Orden: E.D.O orden “n”
Grado: 1
Linealidad: no lineal
Variable independiente: 𝑥
Función desconocida: (1 − 𝑥)𝑦𝑛
− 4𝑥´ + 5𝑦
𝟖)
𝒅𝟐
𝒚
𝒅𝒙𝟐
= √𝟏 + (
𝒅𝒚
𝒅𝒙
)
𝟐
Solución:
Orden: E.D.O orden 2
Grado: 2
Linealidad: no lineal
Variable independiente: 𝑥
Función desconocida:
𝑑2𝑦
𝑑𝑥2
𝟏𝟐)
𝒅𝒏
𝒙
𝒅𝒚𝒏
= 𝒚𝟐
+ 𝟏
Solución:
Orden: E.D.O orden “n”
Grado: 1
Linealidad: no lineal
Variable independiente: 𝑦
Función desconocida:
𝑑𝑛𝑥
𝑑𝑦𝑛
Ejercicios propuestos 1.2:
Encontrar la ecuación diferencial de la cual es solución.
𝟒) 𝒚 = 𝑪𝟏𝒙 + 𝑪𝟐𝒙𝒍𝒏(𝒙) + 𝟒𝒙𝟐
Solución:
Derivamos dos veces la función 𝑦 = 𝐶1𝑥 + 𝐶2𝑥𝑙𝑛(𝑥) + 4𝑥2
.
1𝑒𝑟𝑎
Derivada: 𝑦´ = 𝐶1 + 𝐶2 (ln(𝑥) +
1
𝑥
𝑥) + 8𝑥
𝑦´ = 𝐶1 + 𝐶2(ln(𝑥) + 1) + 8𝑥 Ecuación 1
2𝑑𝑎
𝐷𝑒𝑟𝑖𝑣𝑎𝑑𝑎: 𝑦´´ = 𝐶2.
1
2
+ 8
𝑦´´ =
𝐶2
𝑥
+ 8 Ecuación 2
De la ecuaciones 1 y 2 formamos un sistema de ecuaciones y calculamos 𝐶1 𝑦 𝐶2
Despejamos 𝐶2 de la ecuación 2:
𝐶2 = (𝑦´´ − 8)𝑥
𝐶2 = 𝑥𝑦´´ − 8𝑥
Sustituyendo 𝐶2 en la ecuación 1:
𝑦´ = 𝐶1 + (𝑥𝑦´´ − 8𝑥). (ln(𝑥) + 1) + 8𝑥
𝑦´ = 𝐶1 + 𝑥𝑙𝑛(𝑥)𝑦´´ + 𝑥𝑦´´ − 8𝑥𝑙𝑛(𝑥) − 8𝑥 + 8𝑥
𝑦´ = 𝐶1 + 𝑥𝑙𝑛(𝑥)𝑦´´ + 𝑥𝑦´´ − 8𝑥𝑙𝑛(𝑥)
Despejando 𝐶1:
𝐶1 = 𝑦´ − 𝑥𝑙𝑛(𝑥)𝑦´´ − 𝑥𝑦´´ + 8𝑥𝑙𝑛(𝑥)
Sustituyendo 𝐶1 𝑦 𝐶2 𝑒𝑛 𝑦 = 𝐶1𝑥 + 𝐶2𝑥𝑙𝑛(𝑥) + 4𝑥2
𝑦 = [𝑦´ − 𝑥𝑙𝑛(𝑥)𝑦´´ − 𝑥𝑦´´ + 8𝑥𝑙𝑛(𝑥)]𝑥 + [𝑥𝑦´´ − 8𝑥]𝑥𝑙𝑛(𝑥) + 4𝑥2
𝑦 = 𝑥𝑦´´ − 𝑥2
ln(𝑥) 𝑦´´ − 𝑥2
𝑦´´ + 8𝑥2
ln(𝑥) + 𝑥2
ln(𝑥) 𝑦´´ − 8𝑥2
ln(𝑥) + 4𝑥2
𝑦 = 𝑥𝑦´´ − 𝑥2
𝑦´´ + 4𝑥2
La ecuación diferencial es 𝑦 = 𝑥𝑦´´ − 𝑥2
𝑦´´ + 4𝑥2
Verifique que la función indicada es una solución de la E.D dada. Donde sea
apropiado 𝐶1 y 𝐶2 son constantes.
𝟐) 𝒚´ + 𝟒𝒚 = 𝟑𝟐 ; 𝒚 = 𝟖
Solución:
𝑦´ = 8 = 0
Sustituimos Y y Y‘en la ecuación diferencial.
0 + 4(8) = 32
0 + 32 = 32
32 = 32
Así 𝑦´ + 4𝑦 = 32 es la ecuación diferencial
𝟔)
𝒅𝒚
𝒅𝒙
= √
𝒚
𝒙
; 𝒚 = (√𝒙 + 𝑪𝟏)
𝟐
; 𝒙 > 𝟎; 𝑪𝟏 > 𝟎
Solución:
Derivamos:
𝑦´ = 2.
1
2√𝑥
𝑦´ =
1
√𝑥
; 𝑥 > 0
Sustituimos 𝑦, 𝑦´ en la ecuación diferencial.
1
√𝑥
= √(√𝑥 + 𝐶1)
2
𝑥
𝑥 > 0 ; 𝐶1 > 0
1
√𝑥
= √
(√𝑥 + 𝐶1)
2
√𝑥
1
√𝑥
=
√𝑥 + 𝐶1
√𝑋
𝑥 > 0 ; 𝐶1 > 0
La ecuación no satisface la ecuación diferencial.

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Johelbys campos1

  • 1. PROGRAMA NACIONAL DE FORMACIÓN EN SISTEMA DE CALIDAD Y AMBIENTE. Matemática Aplicada. Unidad I. Integrante: Johelbys Campos C.I.: 24.156.988 Trayecto 3 Fase 2 Grupo-A Febrero de 2021
  • 2. Ejercicios propuestos 1.1: En los siguientes problemas, clasifique cada ecuación diferencial, según su orden, grado (si es posible) y si es lineal o no. Determine la función desconocida y la variable independiente. 𝟒) (𝟏 − 𝒙)𝒚𝒏 − 𝟒𝒙´ + 𝟓𝒚 = 𝒄𝒐𝒔𝒙 Solución: Orden: E.D.O orden “n” Grado: 1 Linealidad: no lineal Variable independiente: 𝑥 Función desconocida: (1 − 𝑥)𝑦𝑛 − 4𝑥´ + 5𝑦 𝟖) 𝒅𝟐 𝒚 𝒅𝒙𝟐 = √𝟏 + ( 𝒅𝒚 𝒅𝒙 ) 𝟐 Solución: Orden: E.D.O orden 2 Grado: 2 Linealidad: no lineal Variable independiente: 𝑥 Función desconocida: 𝑑2𝑦 𝑑𝑥2 𝟏𝟐) 𝒅𝒏 𝒙 𝒅𝒚𝒏 = 𝒚𝟐 + 𝟏 Solución: Orden: E.D.O orden “n” Grado: 1 Linealidad: no lineal Variable independiente: 𝑦 Función desconocida: 𝑑𝑛𝑥 𝑑𝑦𝑛
  • 3. Ejercicios propuestos 1.2: Encontrar la ecuación diferencial de la cual es solución. 𝟒) 𝒚 = 𝑪𝟏𝒙 + 𝑪𝟐𝒙𝒍𝒏(𝒙) + 𝟒𝒙𝟐 Solución: Derivamos dos veces la función 𝑦 = 𝐶1𝑥 + 𝐶2𝑥𝑙𝑛(𝑥) + 4𝑥2 . 1𝑒𝑟𝑎 Derivada: 𝑦´ = 𝐶1 + 𝐶2 (ln(𝑥) + 1 𝑥 𝑥) + 8𝑥 𝑦´ = 𝐶1 + 𝐶2(ln(𝑥) + 1) + 8𝑥 Ecuación 1 2𝑑𝑎 𝐷𝑒𝑟𝑖𝑣𝑎𝑑𝑎: 𝑦´´ = 𝐶2. 1 2 + 8 𝑦´´ = 𝐶2 𝑥 + 8 Ecuación 2 De la ecuaciones 1 y 2 formamos un sistema de ecuaciones y calculamos 𝐶1 𝑦 𝐶2 Despejamos 𝐶2 de la ecuación 2: 𝐶2 = (𝑦´´ − 8)𝑥 𝐶2 = 𝑥𝑦´´ − 8𝑥 Sustituyendo 𝐶2 en la ecuación 1: 𝑦´ = 𝐶1 + (𝑥𝑦´´ − 8𝑥). (ln(𝑥) + 1) + 8𝑥 𝑦´ = 𝐶1 + 𝑥𝑙𝑛(𝑥)𝑦´´ + 𝑥𝑦´´ − 8𝑥𝑙𝑛(𝑥) − 8𝑥 + 8𝑥 𝑦´ = 𝐶1 + 𝑥𝑙𝑛(𝑥)𝑦´´ + 𝑥𝑦´´ − 8𝑥𝑙𝑛(𝑥) Despejando 𝐶1: 𝐶1 = 𝑦´ − 𝑥𝑙𝑛(𝑥)𝑦´´ − 𝑥𝑦´´ + 8𝑥𝑙𝑛(𝑥) Sustituyendo 𝐶1 𝑦 𝐶2 𝑒𝑛 𝑦 = 𝐶1𝑥 + 𝐶2𝑥𝑙𝑛(𝑥) + 4𝑥2 𝑦 = [𝑦´ − 𝑥𝑙𝑛(𝑥)𝑦´´ − 𝑥𝑦´´ + 8𝑥𝑙𝑛(𝑥)]𝑥 + [𝑥𝑦´´ − 8𝑥]𝑥𝑙𝑛(𝑥) + 4𝑥2 𝑦 = 𝑥𝑦´´ − 𝑥2 ln(𝑥) 𝑦´´ − 𝑥2 𝑦´´ + 8𝑥2 ln(𝑥) + 𝑥2 ln(𝑥) 𝑦´´ − 8𝑥2 ln(𝑥) + 4𝑥2 𝑦 = 𝑥𝑦´´ − 𝑥2 𝑦´´ + 4𝑥2 La ecuación diferencial es 𝑦 = 𝑥𝑦´´ − 𝑥2 𝑦´´ + 4𝑥2
  • 4. Verifique que la función indicada es una solución de la E.D dada. Donde sea apropiado 𝐶1 y 𝐶2 son constantes. 𝟐) 𝒚´ + 𝟒𝒚 = 𝟑𝟐 ; 𝒚 = 𝟖 Solución: 𝑦´ = 8 = 0 Sustituimos Y y Y‘en la ecuación diferencial. 0 + 4(8) = 32 0 + 32 = 32 32 = 32 Así 𝑦´ + 4𝑦 = 32 es la ecuación diferencial 𝟔) 𝒅𝒚 𝒅𝒙 = √ 𝒚 𝒙 ; 𝒚 = (√𝒙 + 𝑪𝟏) 𝟐 ; 𝒙 > 𝟎; 𝑪𝟏 > 𝟎 Solución: Derivamos: 𝑦´ = 2. 1 2√𝑥 𝑦´ = 1 √𝑥 ; 𝑥 > 0 Sustituimos 𝑦, 𝑦´ en la ecuación diferencial. 1 √𝑥 = √(√𝑥 + 𝐶1) 2 𝑥 𝑥 > 0 ; 𝐶1 > 0 1 √𝑥 = √ (√𝑥 + 𝐶1) 2 √𝑥 1 √𝑥 = √𝑥 + 𝐶1 √𝑋 𝑥 > 0 ; 𝐶1 > 0 La ecuación no satisface la ecuación diferencial.