Global Unification Through Handheld Technology Essay

Global Unification through Handheld Technology Essay
Global Unification through Handheld Technology "Handheld technology: is it the greatest invention
since sliced bread?" (Lewis 1). Whether or not these technologies will be remembered as one of the
greatest inventions of all time is yet to be determined, but handheld technologies are definitely
changing the way people access and work with information. Handheld technologies were first
created to help make some of life's current tasks simpler and faster to complete. Two of the main
handheld technologies are the Global Positioning System (GPS) and the Personal Data Assistant
(PDA). The first thought that spring to one's mind when GPS is mentioned is usually that it is a fast
and easy way to find where one is located. Similarly, the first ... Show more content on
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Four GPS satellite signals are used to compute positions in three dimensions and the time offset in
the receiver clock" (Dana 1). So, GPS was created by the U.S. Department of Defense for the
purpose of locating enemies for the U.S. military.
Although the GPS was created for the U.S. military, ordinary citizens are currently using it for
several other purposes. These were not initially thought of as being functions for the GPS, though.
As Sam Nitzberg said, "The Global Positioning system (GPS) was developed by the US military in
order to better effect its many missions. GPS can be used to effectively guide and provide
navigational support to military vessels, combat aircraft, covert action teams, and missile systems.
What was not predicted when GPS technologies were being developed was how GPS would
eventually be incorporated into civilian aircraft systems, automobiles, personal GPS systems which
plug into computers equipped with mapping software, and personal handheld GPS units for hikers
or other recreational use. It is not necessarily always possible to work on technologies and
understand what their ultimate use will be" (3).
Just as some of the current uses of GPS could not be guessed, the current uses of PDAs are yet to be
determined. As was mentioned earlier, the PDA is a good way to organize one's personal
information and
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The Global Positioning System (Gps)
Introduction:
The Global Positioning System (GPS) is a satellite–based navigation system made up of a network
of 24 satellites placed into orbit by the U.S. Department of Defense. GPS was originally intended
for military applications, but in the 1980s, the government made the system available for civilian
use. GPS works in any weather conditions, anywhere in the world, 24 hours a day. There are no
subscription fees or setup charges to use GPS.
The GPS is made up of three parts: satellites orbiting the Earth; control and monitoring stations on
Earth; and the GPS receivers owned by users. GPS satellites broadcast signals from space that are
picked up and identified by GPS receivers. Each GPS receiver then provides three–dimensional ...
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Essentially, the GPS receiver compares the time a signal was transmitted by a satellite with the time
it was received. The time difference tells the GPS receiver how far away the satellite is. Now, with
distance measurements from a few more satellites, the receiver can determine the user's position and
display it on the unit's electronic map. Figure: Working module.
A GPS receiver must be locked on to the signal of at least three satellites to calculate a 2D position
(latitude and longitude) and track movement. With four or more satellites in view, the receiver can
determine the user's 3D position (latitude, longitude and altitude). Once the user's position has been
determined, the GPS unit can calculate other information, such as speed, bearing, track, trip
distance, distance to destination, sunrise and sunset time and more.
When people talk about "a GPS," they usually mean a GPS receiver. The Global Positioning System
(GPS) is actually a constellation of 27 Earth–orbiting satellites (24 in operation and three extras in
case one fails). The U.S. military developed and implemented this satellite network as a military
navigation system, but soon opened it up to everybody else. Figure: NAVSTAR GPS satellite
Each of these 3,000– to 4,000–pound solar–powered satellites circles the globe at about 12,000
miles (19,300 km), making two complete rotations every day. The orbits are arranged so that at

Essay Global Positioning Systems and Air Cargo
This paper describes the concept of the Global Positioning Systems (GPS) and how they improve
the Air Cargo industry. In this paper we will discuss how GPS came to be and how it is used in
every day air travel. The paper will also explain how the GPS systems improve the Air Cargo
industry in tracking the shipment from one hub to another.
The Global Positioning System (GPS) is a system of navigation based on the integration of 24
satellites, 21 working systems and 3 backups, that relay information regarding craft position and
velocity to users (Colborn, 1992). First initiated as a program by the US Department of Defense
through their Navstar system, GPS was deployed and fully operational in 1994 and speculations of
the utility of this ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
At the time, microwave landing systems, or MLS, were due to replace instrument landing systems,
and theorists recognized the possible benefits that could be attained from implementing controls
through the GPS systems (Moxon, 1992). Because of the relative cost–effectiveness of these
systems and the fact that satellite positioning systems allowed for a greater degree of flexibility in
navigational assistance, it was believed that GPS could aid in precision landings (Moxon, 1992).
Furniss (1992) recognized that theorists predicted that GPS satellites could be used to provide air
traffic control surveillance and communications as well as navigational support and reduce traffic
management costs by reducing the need for costly and inefficient ground–based systems. This
projection has come into view in recent years and has begun to shape the progress in specific air–
service–based industries, including the air cargo industry.
In 1994, the Federal Aviation Administration, working in cooperation with NASA, concluded a
process of testing which underscored the belief in the possibility of using GPS satellites to navigate
commercial airliners, especially during the approach and landing segments, in order to improve
efficiency as well as operational safety. GPS satellites assist ground–based personnel by providing
them with a more

How Has Gps Affected Farming
Kody Hort
GPS systems and how they have/will effect farming.
4/13/2017
Mrs.smith and Mr.banzhauf
Kody Hort
GPS systems in agriculture
4/13/17
"GPS systems in agriculture are just crazy on how they work. It is crazy today to think that a tractor
or a piece on farm equipment can actually drive it self. GPS is a Global Positioning System it uses
satellite to tell you where you at and now will drive the tractor from point A to point B with the
touch of a button. I will explain how GPS works, how GSP has change since the first one, and how
has GPS changed farming.
GPS is a great part of technology in our world, the first GPS system was used for military and now
anyone that has a ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
In 1960 a scientist by the name of Dr. Ivan Getting left his position at Raytheon Company, and
armed with the knowledge of what was at the time the most advanced navigational technology in the
world, he began developing the Global Positioning System. Together with a team of aerospace
engineers and scientists, they started getting into the three dimension global positioning system
concept. In 1957, at the start of the Cold War and the Space Race, the U.S.S.R. launched Sputnik,
the first Soviet satellite. While observing Sputnik, U.S. scientists found out that they could track the
satellite's orbit by listening to the changes in its radio frequency using the Doppler effect, a
technique that had previously been used to describe why the pitch of a car's horn changes as it
speeds away. In 1960, the knowledge gained from tracking Sputnik, the U.S Navy was able to
launch transit, the first satellite navigational system, which was used to help guide the Navy fleets of
missile submarines. In 1967, the U.S. Navy developed the Timation technique, a system that used a
highly stable, synchronized clock in the satellite, a technology on which GPS was dependent by
1974, the first clocks were put into orbit. By 1978, the U.S. military launched the first four GPS
satellites. Until 1983, GPS technology was available for U.S. military use only, until a tragedy
occurred that the benefits of GPS technology could no longer be restricted from civilian use. In

1983, a civilian Korean Air airplane with 269 passengers, was shot down after entering Soviet
airspace killing all passengers. In response to this tragedy, President Ronald Reagan said "that when
GPS technology was operational, it will be free and available to the world". On Feb. 14, 1989, the
first satellite was launched. On July 17, 1995, the GPS was complete. This system consists of 24

Global Positioning System Paper
In this high–tech environment of the 21st Century, most everyone who drives a car or carries a
cellphone has heard of the Global Positioning System (GPS), but few could provide details on the
origin, development and many uses of this system, outside of basic everyday navigation. This paper
will explore the origin and development of the Global Positioning System, as well as analyze
various uses of this system. Some of the practices include Military use, surveillance of those
convicted of violent crimes, tracking of wildlife, and location based services as it applies to the
Cellular Communications Industry. This paper will also explore the reality of the Global Positioning
System as it relates to a Christian worldview.
The Global Positioning ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Moore state, "The launch of the Low–Earth orbit satellite, Sputnik 1, by the USSR (Soviet Union)
on October 4th, 1957 may possibly mark the beginning of Global Positioning System (GPS)
Technology" (Kumar & Moore, 2002, p. 59). Scientist working for the Department of Defense
(DOD) discovered that they could track Sputnik 1 based on the signal strength of its radio. This in
turn led scientist to theorize, that it would be possible to obtain one's position on earth by
interpreting a satellites radio signal, with the satellites orbit (Kumar & Moore, 2002). In 1964, the
first successful test of acquiring a location based on satellite technology, was successfully performed
by the United States Navy utilizing a submarine. According to Kumar and Moore, "It required only
one satellite but, for that reason, a reading could only be taken roughly every 35–45 minutes. The
submarine had to be stationary" (Kumar & Moore, 2002, p. 61). This test was the precursor to what
we now know as the Global Positioning

Industrial Revolution Essay
American Industrial Revolution In the 19th century, America became an industrial country, the
powered machinery shifted the industry into mass production. The development of steam engines
improved the transportation system, further, increased the production of iron and steel. The textile
industries have begun to develop, and produce various products. The industrialization leads to
accessible banking, further, deliver telegraph communication to many businesses through
locomotive trains. This essay will compare on how products, services, and communication reached
their customers during 1840 to 1850 compared to the present.
Products
The era of railroad building began in 1830. Peter Cooper's locomotive called the Tom Thumb was
put into ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Private homes converted into hospitals and doctor's offices, even hospitals in big cities were known
for being dirty that causes infectious disease and affected many people. From the establishment of
the First Bank of the United States in 1791 to the National Banking Act of 1863 banking regulation
in America was as an experimental mix of federal and state legislation (Johnston, 2016). There were
fears of some, the need for centralized control to maintain the stability in the overall economy, and
other feared that few hands have too much control. Today, most American banks have merged with
the foreign counterpart, expanding its business globally by putting up branches around the world.
Global banks do both the retail and investment, they offered global lending, and financing foreign
government infrastructure projects. The housing services become available to the most individual
through government lending laws. State hospitals and federal care facilities were the centers for
health for many states in the country.
Communication
What the railroad was to transportation, the telegraph was in communication– a dramatic advance
over traditional methods and symbol of national progress and technological expertise (Brinkley,
2013). All long–distance communication relied on the mail, the mails were delivered through horse
riding and later through the train by coordinating the

Accident Detection and Reporting System Using Gps, Gprs...
IEEE/OSA/IAPR International Conference on Informatics, Electronics & Vision Accident Detection
and Reporting System using GPS, GPRS and GSM Technology Md. Syedul Amin, Jubayer Jalil
Department of Electrical, Electronic and Systems Engineering Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia
43600 UKM, Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia M. B. I. Reaz Department of Electrical, Electronic and
Systems Engineering Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia 43600 UKM, Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia
email: mamun.reaz@gmail.com Abstract– Speed is one of the basic reasons for vehicle accident.
Many lives could have been saved if emergency service could get accident information and reach in
time. Nowadays, GPS has become an integral part of a vehicle system. This paper proposes to utilize
... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
As such, an efficient automatic accident detection with an automatic notification to the emergency
service with the accident location is a prime need to save the precious human life. Many researchers
carried out their studies on accident detection system. Traditional traffic accident prediction uses
long–term traffic data such as annual average daily traffic and hourly volume. In contrast to
traditional traffic accident prediction, real–time traffic accident prediction relates accident
occurrences to real–time traffic data obtained from various detectors such as induction loops,
infrared detector, camera etc. Real–time traffic accident prediction focuses on the change of traffic
conditions before an accident occurrence, while traffic incident detection studies are concerned with
the change of traffic conditions after an incident occurrence [3]. However, the performance of these
detection and prediction 978–1–4673–1154–0/12/$31.00 ©2012 IEEE ICIEV 2012
IEEE/OSA/IAPR International Conference on Informatics, Electronics & Vision system is greatly
restricted by the number of monitoring sensor, available fund, algorithms used to confirm an
accident, weather, traffic flow etc. Besides the automatic detection system, manual incident
detection methods detects the accident from the motorist report, transportation department or public
crews report,

Questions On Intelligent Industrial Systems
FACULTY OF INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY DEPARTMENT OF
COMPUTER SYSTEMS ENGINEERING REQUIREMENTS DOCUMENT COURSE:
INTELLIGENT INDUSTRIAL SYSTEMS SUBJECT CODE: IDC30BT PROJECT NAME:
DRONE SUBMISSION DATE: 28th Septerber 2016 PROJECT CO–ORDINATOR: Dr Chunling
Du STUDENT DETAILS: SURNAME & INITIALS: SEKELE M.S STUDENT NUMBER:
212088064 EMAIL ADDRESS: msekele1@gmail.com CONTACT NUMBERS: 0844298930 /
0723541452 TABLE OF CONTENTS 1. Introduction 3 1.1 PURPOSE 3 1.2 SCOPE 3 1.3
DEFINITIONS, ACRONYMS, AND ABBREVIATIONS 3 1.4 REFERENCES 3 2. Overall
Description 4 2.1 PRODUCT PERSPECTIVE 4 2.1.1 User Interfaces 4 2.1.2 Hardware Interfaces 4
2.1.3 Software Interfaces 4–5 2.1.4 Communications Interfaces 5 2.1.5 Operations 5 2.2 PRODUCT
FUNCTIONS 5 2.3 USER CHARACTERISTICS 5 2.4 CONSTRAINTS 5 2.5 ASSUMPTIONS
AND DEPENDENCIES 5 2.6 APPORTIONING OF REQUIREMENTS 5 3. Specific Requirements
6 3.1 EXTERNAL INTERFACE REQUIREMENTS 6 3.1.1 Hardware Interfaces 6 3.1.2
Communications Interfaces 6 3.2 PERFORMANCE REQUIREMENTS 6 3.4 DESIGN
CONSTRAINTS 6 3.5 SOFTWARE SYSTEM ATTRIBUTES 7 3.5.1 Reliability 7 3.5.2
Maintainability 7 Introduction Purpose This describes the specifications and requirements and
functionalities of the Drone, along with details regarding the performance, design and interface. The
drone helps in lessening human activity in media production, surveillance and other duties. Scope
The major

Terracog Global Positioning Systems
Letter of Transmittal To Ed Pryor– VP, Sales Harold Whistler– VP, Design & Development Tony
Barren– Director, Production From Emma Richardson– Executive Vice President Date 17/03/2008
Subject: Pricing strategy & viability of "Project Aerial" Enclosed report deals with the launching
price problem being faced by TerraCog for its forthcoming GPS product Aerial, different options
that are available to the company, selection criteria for evaluation and proposed solution along with
action plan and contingency plan. Executive Summary There is significant disagreement over the
proposed pricing of Aerial between the different departments. Presently TerraCog has 3 options. It
could offer the product at a price which is ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Though production is presently working on a couple of other exciting projects, keeping the
company's best interest in mind, they should work for another 3 months on "Project Aerial". 2.
Increase in Market Share The additional 3 months will allow competitors to gain market share. Sales
team will have to work hard to regain the lost ground after the launching. However, it will be easier
to market Aerial; assuming the new product will have a technical edge compared to its competitors.
3. Performance of the device The additional time will allow TerraCog to make adjustment with the
design. Even, development team can think of building it in a new GPS platform which will also
improve the current slow processing speed. B. Launch it according to schedule at $475. 1.
Profitability Margins & profitability at this price will be good unless there is an increase in input
costs. Although CFO thinks another $25 increase is necessary to be on the safer side that is not
possible considering competitors aggressive pricing. 2. Increase in Market Share Increase in Market
Share could not be guaranteed as there are similar products from competitors at substantial lower
price. Although it is expected, that the product will be able to retain TerraCog's customers who
would otherwise shift towards its customers products. 3. Performance of the device The device is
built on TerraCog's

The Global Positioning System
The Global Positioning System (GPS) is a very simple to use but very complex in terms of how it
works. The Global Positioning System relies on a network of 24 satellites approximately 20200
kilometres above Earth in space, orbiting on 6 different routes (four satellites each route). These
satellites will orbit the twice in the time frame of only 24 hours. The Global Positioning System
Satellites work by transmitting 2 radio signals also known as L1 and L2 to the Global Positioning
System, the L1 signal consists of a frequency of 1575.42MHz and the L2 signal with a frequency of
1227.60MHz. These signals are sent once a Global Positioning System is within the line–of–sight
connection with at least 3 satellites. Once in the light–of–sight, the satellites broadcast radio wave
signals towards the Global Positioning System that carry information of location and time. Once
these signals are sent, a special type of equipment called a Global Positioning System receiver
receives them and decodes the information carried. The Global Positioning System can be used for
numerous jobs such as navigation for cars, ships and aeroplanes, various military jobs, measuring
large landscapes and measuring changes in water levels. With the application of Global Positioning
Systems for navigation the risk for road, air and water collisions has been greatly reduced due to the
Global Positioning System giving guidance to driver, pilots and ship captains uncertain of their
location. Along with the

Electronic Commerce : Global Positioning System
Introduction The first problem regarding Electronic Commerce was that there might not be enough
material available for research. The applications of Electronic Commerce are very common as
countless business employee the technology to further their business abilities and potential (Gavish,
2001).
Business of different sizes among all major and minor industries continue to enter Electronic
Commerce. Digital marketplaces have already torn down the walls within and between companies,
bringing together buyers and sellers in one interoperable community (Bezos, 1995), (Omidyar,
1995).
In this literature review we will go through the literature side of all components for all steps required
for our project, "Travel XTream".
Below is a list of ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
There is also a major spike in B2B Electronic Commerce in countries like India and China. In China
the sales rose to 444 million pounds alone in 2011. Overall the global B2B Electronic Commerce
transactions reached 12.4 trillion dollars in 2012 (Sila, 2013).
Service Based Applications (CBA)
Electronic Commerce has become such a massive and wide field of business, research and
development that it even poured into the service based applications of emerging electronic
commerce systems that are available anytime, anywhere on personally computing systems i.e.
Smartphone (Mahmoud Manafi, 2011).
Security
Security is one of the first and most frequently presented issues in Electronic Commerce, for
example online auction frauds (Lian & Michael, 2013). Security is the largest obstacle for
companies working via Electronic Commerce (Mandić, 2012). Consumers are highly concerned
with the possibility of having their details, required for online purchases, stolen or forwarded to
other companies' i.e. spam advertisement.
Security Measures
Unfortunately personal detail theft is not the only risk of Electric Commerce (E–Commerce), Print
Scan (P.S) attack is also a major problem. Though for every problem and dysfunction there is also a
solution i.e. watermarking in E–Commerce is the solution. Print Scan is the process is the process of
obtaining information from an ID card's or document's hologram or binary bar.

Gps And The Global Positioning System
GPS Tracking As most technologies are started from some sort of military operations, the Global
Positioning System (GPS) was used for tracking troop locations and evolved to precision–guided
bomb and missile attacks. Today, the use of GPS has converted into everyday use by the average
person. The GPS is a 24–satellite based navigation system. The first satellite went into orbit in 1978
with the last one going into orbit in 1994. In the 1980 's, GPS was released from the Department of
Defense and authorized for business and personal use. The beauty of GPS, is it works in any weather
conditions, anywhere and anytime, yet is free of subscription fees. ("Garmin | What is GPS?," n.d.)
A hardware/software unit is used to ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
With a shipping theft rate on the rise at approximately $30 billion a year, the logistics industry was
forced to find better ways of tracking. As with any security device, the criminals will find ingenious
methods to work around them. (Heyn, 2014) Global Positioning System tracking in logistics has
helped the industry tremendously by adding benefits such as improved supply chain security,
meeting the customer needs by knowing exactly where shipments are, reduction in lost shipments,
and aiding law enforcement with recovery of stolen goods. As technology has improved, GPS units
have shrunk in size and now can be covertly placed within shipments. As criminals have learned to
dismantle GPS systems, often a multiple units have been put on shipments. (Heyn, 2014) This
enables a GPS receiver to be placed for tracking of a single load like a shipping container with
multiple items linked to the container, or a single value item for individual traceability. A simple
solution for shipping and transportation companies has been found with GPS. On average, a
shipment can be protected and real–time traceability provided at just five dollars unit. This is quite a
return on investment with the huge theft and loss rate of shipments. ("GPS Package Tracking –
GPSit," n.d.)
Manufacturing Solutions in business Barcoding in supply chain management has changed the
manufacturing process forever. Whether a manufacture is using

The Global Positioning System ( Gps )
Blame It On...
Have you ever planned a trip and used a global positioning system (GPS), to give you directions on
how to get where you were going? The global positioning system would show you where your
current location was and then it would pinpoint the destination you are trying to get to. The global
positioning system would then give you different routes you could take, and give you an estimated
time on how long each route could possibly take. Think of fate like the different routes you are
given on your global positioning system. You have a bunch of options, but they all lead you to the
same destination. When dealing with fate, it may seem like you are in control of your life, and that
you can make decision for yourself, but in the end you cannot escape your fate. The Greeks believed
in the power of the Gods and of fate. The Merriam–Webster Dictionary defines fate as "the
development of events beyond a person's control, regarded as determined by a supernatural power"
(fate). The Greeks also believed that fate was a pre–determined phenomena, and therefore was
unchangeable. A widely known example of fate is in the Greek tragedy Oedipus Rex written by
Sophocles. Oedipus Rex suggests that people have little control over their own lives, and that
ultimately people are just puppets in the hands of the mythological Gods.
Oedipus is blind to the truth and reality of his own life. The blind prophet of Apollo, Teiresias the
first to tell Oedipus about his unknown fate and plants

GPS Safety Bubble Technology Essay
Although Global Positioning technology has existed since the mid 1970's, some of the most
significant advancements have taken place within the last five years. In recent months, studies have
been conducted by NASA and other institutions concerning the use of advanced GPS technology in
both computer controlled flight of commercial aircraft and the establishment of "no–fly safety
bubbles" around designated areas and buildings. In essence an aircraft's computer system would
override a manual command and not allow the craft to enter these designated areas. There are many
possible benefits of this technology, but with any new advancement also comes ethical questions.
While some believe this technology will increase air travel safety, others ... Show more content on
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To promote international cooperation in using GPS for peaceful purposes.
To advance U.S. scientific and technical capabilities. (Rand McNally).
During the first years of the GPS development the general public could access the satellites, but
could only realize positioning precision to about 350 feet of actual position. This was due to a
"Selective Availability" policy that was put in place by the U.S. government to insure that the
military would have superior navigational capabilities to the public. This changed however in May,
2000 when the government decided that these limitations were no longer necessary. Today it is
possible, with the proper equipment, for anyone in the world to determine his or her precise location
to within about 60 feet. All though the information is classified, it is rumored that today, using the
most sophisticated GPS technology, the military can achieve precision within 1 foot of actual
position.
The current Global Positioning System is a group of satellites, known as a constellation, which
continually broadcast both their exact locations in space and the exact time. By tracking the signals
from at least four of these satellites, a GPS receiver on earth can determine its current latitude,
longitude and altitude. Some GPS receivers can also report the current time, direction of travel and
the rate of distance traveled. This is all possible because both the GPS receiver and the Satellite
count time on an atomic clock.

Theoretical Study and Problem Definition Report
THEORETICAL STUDY AND PROBLEM DEFINITION REPORT
Assignment 2
TABLE OF CONTENTS
1. SCOPE 2
1.1 Designs 2
1.2 Mentor 2
2. STATEMENT OF THE RESEARCH PROBLEM 3
3. BACKGROUND THEORY 4
3.1 Project overview 4
3.1.1 Features 4
3.1.2 Basic operation 4
3.1.2.1 RC Mode 4
3.1.2.2 RC Sensor Mode 4
3.1.2.3 RC Video Sensor Mode 4
3.1.2.4 Auto Pilot Sensor Mode 4
3.1.2.5 Auto Pilot Video Sensor Mode 4
3.1.3 Auto Pilot control System 5
3.1.4 GPS Global Positioning system 5
3.1.5 Digital Camera System 5
3.1.6 RF communication system (Wi–Fi radio transceiver module). 5
3.1.7 Remote Control System 5
3.1.8 Gyro, accelerometer and compass system 5
3.1.9 Ultrasonic range sensor 5
3.1.10 Laser range sensor 5
3.1.11 Digital barometer sensor 5
3.1.12 Power supply 5
3.1.13 Processing system 5
3.1.13.1 Auto Pilots Processing 5
3.1.13.2 Video Processing 5
3.1.13.3 Patton recognition processing 5
3.1.13.4 Sensor Processing 5
3.1.14 Quad rotor system 5
3.1.15 Patton recognition system 5 1. SCOPE
This report descried the statement of the research, background theory and literature survey in order

to design the module helicopter. Also included is a detailed description of how are the designers of
the project and the details of the mentor are also included.
1.1 Designs
Frederick Mabetoa (39549410)
Cell: 084–333–11215
Work 011–266–7628
Email frederick.mabetoa@ate–southafrica.com
Abigail Masoleng (50564943)
Cell: 072–549–7034
Work 011–266–7652
Email abigail.masoleng@ate–southafrica.com
1.2 Mentor

Global Positioning System ( Gps )
Global Positioning System (GPS) is a network of orbiting satellites that send precise details of their
position in space back to earth. The technology was invented by the U.S. Department of Defense,
Ivan Getting, and Massachusetts Institute of Technology (Gray 4). GPS is well–known for its
military applications and was first used by the U.S. to aid in its global intelligence efforts during the
Cold War (Gray 7). However, ever since the early 1980s, the GPS has been easily available to
anyone with a GPS receiver. Shipping firms, Airlines, trucking companies, and drivers use this
technology to track vehicles or follow the best route from one point to another in the shortest
possible time. With a simple tap on a screen, an average individual can find their way via a complex
system comprising of satellite technology. Although the GPS technology has its disadvantages, it
offers numerous advantages, including job creation, improved economy, and precise military
targeting. History of GPS Since it was first invented, the GPS technology has continuously been
improved to match the demands of the current society. The first system had five satellites and
allowed ships to check their location once every hour. As shown in table 2, acknowledging the need
for a more sophisticated method of navigation, the U.S. Department of Defense implemented the
next GPS with 24 satellites, launching the project by the 1990s (Sturm 12). Currently, the European
Union is developing its GPS known as the

The Gps Technology
THE GPS TECHNOLOGY INTRODUCTION Throughout time people have developed a variety of
ways to figure out their position on earth and to navigate from one place to another. Early mariners
relied on angular measurements to celestial bodies like sun and stars to calculate their location. The
1920s witnessed the introduction of more advanced technique–radio navigation–based at first on
radios that allowed navigators to locate the direction of shore–based transmitters when in range.
Later development of artificial satellites made possible the transmission of more precise, line of
sight radio navigation signals and sparked a new era in navigation technology. Satellites are first
used in position finding in a simple but reliable 2D Navy ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net
...
The satellite signals are further processed by data processor of the navigation set to demodulate the
data and then decode it to get the user's 3D position coordinates. The GPS receivers are used for
navigation, positioning, aviation, shipping, geology and other purposes. WORKING Consider the
case of a lightning followed by a thunder. A few seconds after seeing the lightning we hear the
thunder. If we know the time taken for the sound waves to travel from the lightning place to the
listener, we can calculate the distance between the listener and the lightning place. Similar principle
is used in the working of GPS. The GPS system works by determining how long it takes a radio
signal transmitted from a satellite to reach a land–based receiver and then, using that time to
calculate the distance between the satellite and the Earth station receiver. Radio waves travel at
approximately the speed of light, 3x108 m/s. if a receiver can determine exactly when a satellite
began sending a radio signal and exactly when the signal was received, then it can determine the
propagation time. From propagation time, the receiver can determine the distance between it and the
satellite using the mathematical relationship d = v × t Where d =

Global Position Sparks the Space Race
Ever since man has been observing their surroundings, there has been a desire to go to the far
reaches of our earth and out of our earth. Global Positioning Systems, or GPS, has allowed an easier
way for people to know where the user is on our earth and to know that we put something into
space.
The space race sparked the knowledge that we could put a human object into space. The Russians
were the first to do so in 1957 with their satellite, Sputnik. The Navy followed suit when they used a
navigation system in 1960, which was called the TRANSIT system that consisted of five satellites,
telling you your position once every hour. The Cold War sprung the military interest to fund the
multi–billion dollar research of GPS to create a faster, more accurate global positioning system.
Since the two pieces of data that GPS satellites send are time and location, it was very important for
them to have a very accurate sense of time. In 1967, an atomic clock was entered into space to help
satellites track time accurately. In 1972, a receiver was created to use satellite navigation systems.
With this, all other global positioning system devices are based upon. A year later, the US military
got together and focused on a strong plan to create a very accurate and robust global positioning
system. The first GPS satellite type was identified as a Block I. It was successfully launched in 1978
and was designed to last five years. In 1983 a Korean airliner flight 007 veered off–course

Essay on The Global Positioning System
The Global Positioning System The global positioning system (GPS) is a satellite–based navigation
system, consisting of a network of 24 orbiting satellites travelling on six different orbital paths.
These satellites, referred to as NAVSTAR satellites, are constantly moving, making two complete
orbits around earth per day. The first GPS satellite was launched in February, 1978. Satellites now
weight approximately 1 tonne, and are about 5 metres across with extended solar panels. GPS needs
at least 24 satellites to provide full coverage of every point on the earth, all the time. To calculate
one position on the earth, at least 3 satellites are needed. Currently, there are 28 working ... Show
more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The time difference then determines how far away the particular satellite is. Through trigonometry,
with a minimum of three satellites, the GPS receiver is then able to determine a latitude/longitude
position, and with a further satellite, also the altitude. Through constant updates of your position, a
receiver can also provide accurate measures of speed and direction of travel. The accuracy of the
GPS system used to be hindered principally by a source of position error called Selection
Availability (SA), intentionally imposing inaccuracies of up to 100m on civilian GPS by the US
Defense, the idea being that SA would prevent hostile terrorist organisations holding the maximum
power of GPS. Some other factors affect accuracy – the relative positions of each satellite in the sky,
multi–pathing (where the satellite reception is blocked/reflected by buildings, obstructions of the
like) and propagation delay due to atmospheric effects. Some internal clock errors may also occur.
In order to improve accuracy, one can implement correctional information and computing, as well as
using more sophisticated radio reception techniques. A process known as Differential GPS (DGPS)
employs a second receiver at a fixed location to compute corrections to the GPS satellite

The Advantages And Effects Of Pips In Nigeria
CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1.0 BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY The state of insecurity
in Nigeria is becoming worrisome considering the high rate at which innocent people fall victim of
criminals. News of crimes including armed robbery, terrorism and bombings, kidnapping are on the
increasing by the day. Not a week passes without occurrence of such incidences on the streets. Now,
even in broad day light, crimes are committed, murder is perpetrated without resolution. Even the
police seems helpless. Considering the foregoing, there is a need for parents and care–givers to
constantly monitor the whereabouts of their children or clients. People should also track their
mobility pattern and history. Several technologies are available for the purpose of localizing a
person. A GPS is locator/receiver available on most smart phones and can be used to roughly locate
a user. However, it comes with its drawback. The GPS is unavailability indoors. Its usage is limited
inside buildings and places unreachable by satellite signal. In order to ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
GPS is a popular choice for modern mobile positioning, mainly due to it's high level of accuracy.
GPS is normally accurate within 1–10 meters, although one of the challenges of using GPS as a
mobile tracking tool is that there must be a clear line–of–sight between the device (Android) and the
satellite, and that performance deteriorates in thickly populated urban areas. While at first this
disadvantage may not seem a problem, if a direct line of sight between a satellite and the Android is
interrupted design choices must be made to cope with this. To combat the aforementioned limitation
of GPS, Assisted GPS is often used, which an aggregation of standard GPS technology and Cell ID
is tracking. This hybrid concept provides superior accuracy, availability and coverage (Yanying Gu,

The Soviet Union and Sputnik
On October 4th, 1957 the Soviet Union launched a metal sphere, called Sputnik, that intermittently
transmitted a radio signal, into orbit. This event does not seem very impressive now, but when it
happened it had a massive political and psychological effect. It spawned the idea that the United
States might be eclipsed by another world power in technological might and proved that the Soviet
Union could make a missile that could reach the United States. As part of a broad response to this
event the United States government created the Advanced Research Projects Agency, ARPA for
short, which is now known as the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency or DARPA. The
mission of this new agency was "to foster advanced technologies and systems that create
"revolutionary" advantages for the U.S. military" (Van Atta 20). Much of this advanced technology
eventually made its way to the civilian market. Without Sputnik, technology that most people living
in modern countries take for granted, such as the Global Positioning System, the Internet, and
modern computer operating systems, would, possibly, not exist yet. The development of the Global
Positioning System, GPS for short, was accelerated by Sputnik in more than one way. When Sputnik
launched, Guier and Wieffenback were able to measure the doppler shift in the signal that was
broadcast from Sputnik and successfully estimate the location of Sputnik. After telling their
Laboratory's Director about their discovery they were granted

Global Gps Systems : Global Positioning Systems
STSE Assignment – Global Positioning System Global Positioning Systems (GPS') are widely used
around the world. It's a system composed of satellites, computers, and receivers. Their purpose is to
send precise back specific details of their position (in space), back to Earth. With this device we can
calculate precise positions and also the speed and time of automobiles location. GPS' receive their
signals from the satellites in space. They are used for navigation devices, in cars, phones and GPS'
themselves! The GPS is made of 24 satellites. They can be found 12, 000 miles above the Earth. As
the satellites are constantly moving, they can make at least two orbits around us every day. Solar
energy is what powers these key parts of the GPS, however there are extras are on board in case of a
solar eclipse. Even though the satellites are built to last approximately 10 years, new ones are
constantly being made to replace the ones that are already up in space. While the weight of a
satellite is quite extensive, only 50 Watts or less are needed for the transmitter power. The first
launch of a GPS satellite was in 1978, however the completion of all satellites was in 1994. The
system was originally created for the United States Department of Defense (their army). It is also
still owned by them and is payed with American tax dollars. Since then, this system has been made
available to the public and is free for everyone around the world, thanks to American taxes. GPS
was opened to the

Essay on Global Positioning Systems
Global Positioning Systems
The possibilities for the future afforded to the human race by the technology created today is
endless. However, one technology has already and will continue to change the way people travel
around the planet: Global Positioning Systems (GPS). For travelers throughout history, figuring out
where they were and where they were going was one of the oldest problems. Even in recent years,
navigation and positioning was crucial to many activities but extremely cumbersome. However, in
its need for a precise form of global positioning, the Department of Defense (DoD) created the most
useful navigation system in history. The creation and production of the GPS system by Rockwell
Collins changed the way people travel ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The receiver simultaneously measures the distance to a second satellite and creates a similar sphere
for the second satellite. The area where the two spheres intersect narrows the possible location of the
receiver to a circular area. Finally, the receiver measures the distance to a third satellite and cross–
references third sphere with the first two spheres. The intersection of the third sphere with the first
two spheres then narrows the possible location of the receiver to two points. In order to locate the
exact position of the receiver on earth, the system employs one of two methods. The first method is
for the system to take a measurement to a fourth satellite, which is often done for other reasons
described later. The alternate method is to mathematically throw out one of the answers, which can
often be done since one point is located in space or is not otherwise plausible.
The question that naturally follows is how a receiver is able to make a distance measurement from
its position on earth to the satellites orbiting the earth. The basic physics theory used to determine
distance is the speed of the signal multiplied by the time it took to travel from the satellite to the
receiver. Since radio waves are used to communicate between the satellite and the receiver, the
speed of the transmission is known to be the speed of light or 186,000 miles per second. However,
the determination of time is trickier since the time traveled is short, usually on the order

The Pros And Cons Of GPS Tracking
GPS Tracking Stands on One Level with Data Privacy and Security: Fact or Myth
The term Global Positioning System conjures up images of GPS devices being used in space–age
technology and vehicle navigation systems. GPS tracking devices have also become a part of our
daily lives today. However, many people are sceptical about the use of these handy devices. Many
people claim that they will face data privacy and security issues on using it. But, how much of this
statement is true? Do others have access to your information unless and until you share them? It is
true that the person having access to the GPS tracker will know the exact location of the concerned
individual.
With the advancement of technology and GPS manufacturers striving to strengthen security aspects,
the chances of data being leaked have become negligible. Many families and business owners have
started to trust the system and are applying it in different ways. In fact, these applications have made
its way into animal tracking, farming and even gaming technology. Animal tracking helps in
monitoring endangered species and their behaviour in such way, so they and their habitat can be
better protected. GPS system is being used in games to make them more attractive ... Show more
content on Helpwriting.net ...
It is another instance of taking the advantage of the location–sharing feature of Global Positioning
System. Small GPS tracking devices can be easily carried to the field when a soldier is on duty.
They help in navigating through difficult terrains and have a better understanding of their position.
Moreover, reinforcements can be immediately sent from the base whenever there is urgency. Even
as these GPS tracking devices claim to be secure, there have been instances of data being leaked out
to the opposing forces. As these tracking devices can help locate a fellow soldier they can also give
access to crucial information if the enemy had breached into the

Global Positioning System: Decreasing Crop Chemical...
Decreasing Chemical Application with Technology
Works Cited Not Included
Many people may wonder why it is so important to decrease chemical application on the farm.
When people go to the store they often do not think about what goes into the apple or piece of bread
they eat. The more chemicals that farmers use on the crops that are sold to the general public
increase the chance that those chemicals get into the food we eat. There are many ways that the
government and farmers are trying to reduce the amount of chemicals they are using. These range
from simply doing crop rotation to genetically modifying plants and animals. Some of the most
common ways farmers are decreasing chemical application with technology are ... Show more
Major new chemical resistant crops include oilseeds, corn, and cotton. Herbicide tolerant corn is
now, including varieties that tolerate popular herbicides based on glyphosate, glufosinate
ammonium, and on imidazolinone ( U.S. Farmers pg. 1). This is a big break through for farmers
because they can spray chemicals that won't kill the crop that they spray.
There are many ways that biotechnology can be achieved, one of these is Recombinant DNA
technology, this has reached a stage where scientists can take a piece of DNA containing one or
more specific gene from nearly any organism, including plants, animals, bacteria, or viruses, and
introduce it into a specific crop species. This is frequently been referred to as genetic engineering
(Persley, Gabrielle pg. 1). Another common type of DNA technology is genetically–modified
organism (GMO). This is an organism that has been modified or transformed using modern
techniques of genetic exchange.
There are many people that fear biotechnology; they think that it will end up causing allergies, and
super weeds. These people feel that biotechnology should be done with traditional crop breeding.
Using traditional breeding techniques would take way too long and would raise the cost drastically.
Biotechnology is an exact science and people that think super weeds such as Jointed Goat Grass,
would be the result of biotechnology. Biotechnology is the only way that we can keep up with

Global Positioning Systems And Its Effect On The Way We...
Global positioning systems have made enormous changes in the way we travel and now this same
technology is making great strides in helping individuals manage their type 2 diabetes. The d–Nav is
an innovative device created by Hygieia that automatically maps out a patient's insulin treatment by
charting his or her glucose readings. The creators term the device a "Diabetes Insulin Guidance
System" (DIGS).
Eran Bashan is the CEO and co–founder of Hygieia, Inc. He states that just like a GPS for a car, the
user tells the device where he or she wants to go and DIGS creates a master plan, adjusting the plan
according to current blood–sugar levels. Bashan continues stating that the benefit of a global
positioning system is not its ability to ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
United Kingdom Study Finds d–Nav Effective in Dropping Average Blood Glucose Levels
According to a previous study conducted by the South Eastern Health and Social Care Trust in the
United Kingdom, which is part of the country's National Health Service, patients who used the d–
Nav service had a substantial decrease in their average blood sugar levels (HbA1c); furthermore,
there was a significant reduction in the costs associated with diabetic care during the 12 months of
the study.
Ann Baker is Blue Cross/Blue Shield's vice president of wellness and care management: She states
that BC/BS evaluated the data from the United Kingdom study and they are eager to explore the
potential d–Nav has in reference to patient care and cost reductions for their members in Michigan
who have type 2 diabetes. Blue Cross/Blue Shield of Michigan is the first health plan within the
U.S. to evaluate the d–Nav as part of their mission to provide their members who have chronic
conditions with innovative solutions.
March of 2016 – Hygieia and Blue Cross/Blue Shield (BC/BS) of Michigan Teaming Up for d–Nav
Study
Type 2 diabetes is the most common form of the disease and occurs when the body rejects or does
not produce enough insulin. There are more than 3 million people within the U.S. who have this
condition and 20 million globally. The Ann Arbor–based medical device company Hygieia is
teaming up with Blue Cross/Blue Shield of

Distracted Driving: The Danger of the Technological Age Essay
Distracted driving: the Danger of the technological age
Every year there are hundreds of car accidents that are directly related to some style of electronic
device distracting people in cars driving and sadly the death rate keeps increasing as more
technology is developed. For many people the use of their cell phone is a way to keep in contact
with their friends or business partners. This technology advancement has started a problem with
people trying to multitask behind the driver's wheel which has been shown to increase the
distraction level of the driver. Most car users now own a global positioning system which does allow
driver to get to their destination fast and safer but if used at the wrong time can be a major
distraction and ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Within all age groups the number on record for the year of 2009 for people killed in car accidents
caused by distracted driving was 5,474 and the amount of people injured was 448,000. ("Driving
Distracted") Drivers don't understand why the number raises so much by just being distracted but
studies show that operating a hand held device when driving makes you four times more likely to be
in a car accident that will be serious or be fatal. ("Driving Distracted")
Today's day and age maps have basically have been replaced by the technology of global positioning
systems with allows for a little safer driving due to the driver is not trying to read a map when they
are operating their vehicles but with the new technology comes new problems. This new system can
allow the driver to fallow a voice but when the system is not up to date it cause drivers to have to
make quick lane changes and exiting that is making them drive in a reckless manner. Most of the
Systems are distracting because people will start driving they then turn on the system and try to
input the address they need to get to which sometimes involves leaning in a distracting way and also
taking their eyes of the road and mind on a different matter.( AwartickPublished) during the new age
of occupations companies have now put computers in the cars to help people with all that needs to
get finished on time and to allow to finish the jobs they are required to do, this is many seen in
government vehicles

Essay about Global Positioning System
Global Positioning System
Global Positioning System (GPS) technology has been on the market for a number of years now.
Originally developed by the military for logistical tracking and navigation, it has seen a number of
applications for personal and commercial uses in recent years, with more coming down the
development pipeline. GPS uses a constellation of low earth orbit satellites to determine the exact
longitude, latitude and altitude of the user or vehicle with the tracking monitor. This location is
determined by using trilateration between at least three, and preferably four satellites overhead.
However this new emerging technology is not without it's issues, privacy being the biggest one of
them. Ethicists and the public at ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
However talking to someone on the phone, you somehow find out that you are 40 miles from San
Francisco. This, however useful, still doesn't tell you exactly where you are. Knowing that you are
40 miles from San Francisco puts you anywhere on a circle around the city at a radius of 40 miles.
You find out from another source that you are 25 miles from Berkeley. This gives you another circle
which intersects the first, and gives you two possible locations where you could be, which are 40
miles from San Francisco and 25 miles from Berkeley. Then if a third person tells you that you are
18 miles from San Jose, you have a third circle which intersects the first two at just one point. This
gives you the exact location where you are at that moment. You now know that you are in Fremont
at that moment, using the data from the three sources.
Trilateration in 3 dimensional space is very similar in concept, except you are dealing with spheres
instead of circles. If you know your distance from 3 satellites, it would give you two points where
all three spheres intersect. The earth itself creates the fourth sphere and thus determines the location
of the receiver. Receivers generally look for four or more satellites to improve accuracy and provide
precise altitude information.
Figuring out distance from the satellite requires that the receiver calculate how long the signal took
to travel from the satellite to the receiver. Knowing the speed of

Global Positioning System Advantages And Disadvantages
1. Introduction.
In the daily operation of bus transport systems, particularly that affected by uncertain conditions as
the day progresses, these can be classified as, traffic congestion, unexpected delays, irregular
vehicle–dispatching times, other incidents. So many people have to arrived at the bus stop they have
no way of knowing when the bus they want to board is pulling up to the stop. The objective of this
project is to develop application to track the bus location and display it in the application in real
time.
The Global Positioning System (GPS) is satellite based navigation system that provides location &
time information in all weather conditions. So in this application I will use the GPS System for track
the bus location. It can ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The most attractive feature of this system is its100% coverage on the planet.
It also helps you to search the nearby restaurants, hotels and gas stations and is very useful for a new
place.
Due to its low cost, it is very easy to integrate into other technologies like cell phone.
The system is updated regularly by the US government and hence is very advance.
This is the best navigating system in water as in larger water bodies we are often misled due to lack
of proper directions.
Disadvantages of GPS:
Sometimes the GPS may fail due to certain reasons and in that case you need to carry a backup map
and directions.
If you are using GPS on a battery operated device, there may be a battery failure and you may need
a external power supply which is not always possible.
Sometimes the GPS signals are not accurate due to some obstacles to the signals such as buildings,
trees and sometimes by extreme atmospheric conditions such as geomagnetic storms.
 Domain Research
So many people have to arrived at the bus stop they have no way of knowing when the bus they
want to board is pulling up to the stop.
Some people don't know the bus

John Deere Use Self-Driving Tractors
In 1837 John Deere came to be what it is today and is 180 years old this year. John Deere has
withstood the test of time and has been advancing. Farming technology has been advancing through
the years and continues to advance. Now we are going to drive the tractor right into learning about
GPS. Global positioning systems create precision farming. People can get GPS in almost all pieces
of farm equipment that drive. Global information systems work with GPS to help install information
to let the GPS direct the equipment. GPS is used for planting, field mapping, tractor guidance, soil
sampling, crop scouting, yield mapping, and variable rate application. GPS is all over the agriculture
industry.
GPS will guide and make it very easy for the farmer ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The idea to create the W155 came from the W150. The W150 windrower was a great success for
John Deere. They wanted to create an even better machine so that is why the W155 was created. The
terrain will not change how well the W155 operates. John Deere started in 1837. Thus it became the
company it is today and creating the W155 ( New Releases and Information, 2017).
The cab suspension gives the operator a calm ride and helps them to get a lot of work done. The
powerful lights and visibility make it very easy to run the W155 day or night. It is a an option to add
reverser, but it will unplug the machine effortlessly. There are quick attachments that can be gotten
with the windrower making it very easy to transport and easy to store. The windrower cost roughly
$150,000. The engine in windrower is a John Deere engine created in their own factory ( New
Releases and Information, 2017).
Now you know that farming technology is advancing and is still advancing. First, I introduced to a
some facts about GPS. Then, we watched the self driving tractor tell facts about them. Next, the S–
Series combines flew across the eating up facts. Finally, we rode in the W155 windrower through
the rough terrain and learned some facts about

Who Is Garmin?
Garmin is a Swiss parent company of a group of companies founded in 1989 by Gary Burrell and
Min Kao. Garmin develops consumer, aviation, outdoor, fitness, and marine technologies for the
Global Positioning System. Garmin has sold five million units in its first dozen years. Its product
line has proliferated into 50 different items marketed through a network of 2,500 dealers,
distributors, and partners in 100 countries around the world. While the parent company is registered
in the Cayman Islands, Garmin has manufacturing and sales operations in the United States
(Kansas) and Taiwan and a marketing office in the United Kingdom.
The U.S. Department of Defense began developing the Global Positioning System (GPS) in the
mid–1970s, eventually spending

Terracog Global Positioning Systems: Conflict and...
WRITTEN ANALYSIS AND COMMUNICATION – I
TerraCog Global Positioning Systems:
Conflict and Communication on Project Aerial
By
RAHUL.R (111039)
To: Richard Fiero, President
Tony Barren, Director of Production
Ed Pryor, VP – Sales
Allen Roth, Director of Design & Development
Becky Timmons, CFO
From: Emma Richardson
Date: 14th March 2008
Sub: Decision to be taken for the project Aerial
It's high time that we have to take the decision regarding the project Aerial. If we further delay the
decision about launching the product, there are chances that we may lose our valuable customers
and the market share. So I have made the decision to launch the product as per the schedules. Please
... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
But that was not accepted by few of the members. They demanded a cost reduction. We were not
able to reach a consensus that time. So one more meeting was arranged on March 14.
In the meeting a new price of $475 was put forward by the design team. As Tony Barren didn't want
a situation to be like when he and his team launched sonar project, he thought the pricing was fair

enough. But still difference of opinion prevailed. The sales team believed that the price was in the
higher side and we wouldn't be able to sell the product. They felt the price was not competitive and
we would lose our market share. There were arguments that the product could be introduced into the
market at $425 and further changes could be incorporated later. There were even suggestions of
dropping the product. There prevailed a 'go/no–go' situation about the product launch.
Objective
Decide whether to launch the product or not.
Options
i. To launch the product at $475.
ii. To launch the product at $425.
iii. To drop the project.
Criteria for Evaluation
If TerraCog would fail to launch the product, there were higher chances of losing the customers.
Already we were lagging 2 years behind BirdsI. So before making the decisions the various criteria
we have to analyze were:
i. Market share
ii. Customer response
iii. Affecting other projects in line
iv. Profit
Evaluation of Options
i. To launch

The Global Positioning System: Christopher Columbus
"For the execution of the voyage to the Indies, I did not make use of intelligence, mathematics, or
maps," said Christopher Columbus, the Italian man who set sail the 3rd of August, 1492. This man
set a course for all mankind after him by failing to do what would have put human history on hold.
King Ferdinand and Queen Isabella funded Columbus's proposition of a new water route to India,
the land of much desired spices. Columbus and his men left Spain and headed west, where of which,
Columbus landed in San Salvador, an island in the West Indies (Columbus Reports on his first
voyage ). The archipelagos discovered by Columbus and the generations of men to follow him
would be the first peak of exploration for Europeans. Christopher Columbus, a ... Show more
Deafening screams that fled the mouths of undeserving natives was one effect of the luck–filled
adventure. European disease and greed ravaged the "virgin" land as a result of Christopher
Columbus's misdirection. Spain, Columbus's sponsoring country, eventually met its end. One might
say that Spain had overstepped its boundaries and reached too far for glory. Though Spain was a
strong world power, it took only the defeat of the Spanish Armada to virtually end the empire. Once
England began American colonization, Spain was inevitably restricted. After suffering heavy defeat,
debt, and conflict Spain had lost its claim to world power all because of an accidental discovery by
an Italian man. If Columbus had had modern mapping technology, but still no knowledge of what
the new world held, perhaps many of the despicable acts that stemmed from Christopher Columbus's
voyage could have been avoided or

Advantages And Disadvantages Of Surveying
Surveying is the technology of making scientific measurements on the earth's surface in order to
have desirable and products.
Surveying is used for, civil engineering projects, Monitoring of deformation existing structures,
Town planning, green plantation, development projects, forestation projects, etc..
Surveys can be classified based on instrument, o Chain o Theodolite o Compass o Leveling o
Tachometry o Total station o Global Positioning System ( GPS )
Classification based on method of Surveys o Traversing o Triangulations o Trilateration
2.0 Traversing
A traversing is circuit of survey line. It may be open or closed. When the linear measurement are
done with a chain and tape and the direction or horizontal angles are measured with ... Show more
It is a combination of, o Electronic theodolite o Electronic distance measuring device ( EDM ) o
Micro processor with memory unit.
This combination makes possible to determine the coordination of a reflector and simultaneously
measuring the vertical and horizontal angles and slope distances. A micro processor memory in the
instrument takes care of recording, readings and tne necessary coputation.
2.5 Global Positioning System ( GPS )
GPS is the most modern technology or system used for surveying. GPS receiver and Measuring tape
are instruments to be used.
3.0 Triangulations
Triangulation is basic method of surveying, when the area to be surveyed is large, Triangulation is
adopted. The entire area divided into network of

Improving The Security Of Kids / Employee On Their Approach
The end goal to improve the security of kids/employee on their approach in an around
schools/campus, educational systems/organizations are investigating tracking solutions as an
approach to track where understudies/employees are. Lately the Global Positioning System (GPS)
has been regularly utilized for outdoor positioning and location tracking. Then again, there has
additionally been developing enthusiasm for creating indoor location tracking systems. Headways in
radio frequency identification (RFID) technology make it a promising technology for utilization in
indoor location tracking systems. In this project, we introduce an RFID–based location tracking
system utilizing a distributed system structural planning, which can give adaptability to system
usage and expense adequacy for system support. The proposed system utilizes dynamic RFID
technology to estimate the location of clients/objects and cc2500 to construct a system for
communication purposes. It can be utilized for different purposes, for example, people management
in large campus, asset management and so forth.
When all is said in done, RFID (Radio Frequency Identification) is a strategy for perceiving a
human or item using a radio frequency transmission. The technology can be used to perceive, track,
sort or recognize a wide variety of articles. RFID (Radio Frequency Identification) can be portrayed
as takes after Automatic ID technology which uses radio–frequency electromagnetic fields to
recognize items

Gps And The Global Positioning System
1. INTRODUCTION
Uncertainties in time and position have been creating problems for all of mankind for years. In
many cases it has paved way to life threatening, as people have had to deal with challenges in
synchronisation and navigation where small mistakes often have fatal consequences. The Global
positioning system is a satellite based navigation system consisting of 24 satellites in the orbit
placed by the US Department of Defence (DOD). Bradford Parkinson, Ivan A Getting and Roger L.
Easton are credited for the invention of GPS. GPS was fully operational in the year 1995.
Initially GPS was developed to fulfil U.S. military needs, however, it was later made available to
civilians, and now it is a dual– use system that can be used by both civilian as well as military users.
The emergence of GPS is quietly but effectively changing the way modern society uses and
manages the resources inherent in and related to time and position.
GPS provides continuous timing and positioning information anywhere in the world under any
weather conditions. Because it serves a large number of users as well as for security reasons, GPS is
a one way – ranging (passive) system.
2. What is Global Positioning System?
Global positioning system i.e. GPS is a space based satellite navigation system that gives the time
and location information in every weather, everywhere on or near the earth where there is a plain or
unobstructed line of sight to four or more GPS satellites.
This system

Global Positioning System Essay
Global Positioning System
Wouldn't it be great if you could be sure that you would never be lost again? That you would know
exactly where you were at all times, whether at land, air, or sea. Well, that is possible with modern
technology. More specifically, that is possible with the help of GPS, the Global Positioning System.
GPS is a navigational tool that has recently become extremely popular because of it wide range of
uses. Whether you are a fisherman or an avid traveler, you could find some use for GPS. And with
GPS becoming more and more affordable, it won't belong until everyone is using it.
The Global Positioning System (GPS) was developed by the US Department of Defense in hopes of
providing the military with a ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
After taking a third measurement and a third sphere is imagined, the possible points are then
narrowed down to only two. These are the two points in which all three spheres intersect. In most
cases, one of the points can be immediately thrown out because it is an unreasonable answer. That
leaves only the correct position.
In order to measure the distance of the satellites, GPS receivers measure the time it takes for radio
signals sent from the satellite to reach the base station on Earth. Once we have the precise time it
takes we can plug that number into a simple equation and we have our answer.
Speed of light * the precise time = Distance of the Satellite
The speed of light is the easy part; it is 186,000 miles per hour. It is measuring the precise time that
is so difficult. To solve this problem, something called the Pseudo Random Code (PRC) was
developed. The PRC is a complicated sequence of "on" and "off" pulses that is given off by both the
satellite and the base station. The PRC from both the satellite and the base station are played at the
exact same time and are then compared. When played, the two PRCs will be slightly out of sync
because one set of signals has to travel from the satellite in space. The time is measured on the basis
of this sync ratio and the distance can then be calculated. The Global Positioning System (GPS) is
used by an almost endless amount of people and professions. Although originally designed for

Disadvantages Of Driverless Cars
"I'm on my way!" you tell your friend over the phone as you step into your car. "I'll be there in half
an hour!" You sit down and buckle up, absentmindedly opening the alarm app on your phone. You
set it to wake you up in thirty minutes, then relax into your seat, turn on the radio, and close your
eyes. How is this possible? Technology has advanced incredibly quickly over the last hundred years,
with developments such as the Internet and the smart phone. Along with this technology has come a
lot of developments in the robotics industry. Robotic surgeons, controlled by professionals, have
hands much steadier and more precise than a human could ever hope to mimick, increasing safety
and decreasing recovery time for surgery patients. Most ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Sensors like these protect against most accidents already, and make up for any amount of human
error that might put a driver in some amount of peril. The ultrasonic sensors tell the car whether or
not there are bumps on the road, or if it's approaching a curb, something a human is not always
capable of doing, and the lidar on top identifies lane markers and the edges of the road by bouncing
light off of them. Sensors on self–driving cars take out all the guess work usually involved in
driving a car out of the equation. While all of these sensors work together to steer the car away from
danger, occasionally, says Olivia Solon, data amassed by all the sensors can conflict with each other,
resulting in a dangerous situation referred to as "sensor fusion." This fusion of sensors has already
resulted in a fatal crash involving a tester of a self–driving Tesla car; the sensors produced
conflicting data, and as a result mistook a truck for an overhead road sign, causing the car to run
directly into the truck. Therefore, while these numerous sensors are instrumental to the driverless
car, they are still in development and not yet safe to trust with human lives. GPS tracking and
positioning is also incorporated into every automated car, for the self–evident purpose of informing
driver and car where they are and where they're going. Some cars

Global Positioning Systems ( Gps ) Essay
Summary
TerraCog is a company provide high–quality Global Positioning System (GPS). Emma Richardson,
the new executive vice president of TerraCog. She was tasked with overseeing the new product –
Aerial launch. "Aerial" is a GPS with satellite imagery aim to regain market share lost to "Birdsl".
Emma scheduled a launch meeting in early march in order to reach an agreement on the price point
for Aerial. Participants of the meeting including: sales, products, design & development, software
and firmware, hardware department. The first meeting closed with an impasse. So Emma planned to
launch the resumption of Aerial Pre–Launch Meeting one week later, and invited the co–founder and
CFO of TerraCog to join the meeting. Finally, they got nothing into an agreement once again.
Stakeholders
Emma Richardson, the executive vice president, the facilitator
Allen Roth, the director of design & development
Tony Barren, the direct of production team
Ed Pryor, the vice president of sales
Rickard Fiero, the president of TerraCog
Becky Timmons, the CFO of TerraCog
Harold Whistler, TerraCog's co–founder
Retailers
Problem Identification
Resumption of Aerial Pre–Launch Meeting's goal is to get all parties to reach an agreement on the
price point for Aerial. During the meeting, every participant hold their own position and refuse to
make any compromise: the production team provided the final price estimation of the Aerial at $475,
the sales department disagreed with this

Global Unification Through Handheld Technology Essay

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