The document discusses the Global Positioning System (GPS). It provides an overview of what GPS is, its history, how it works, and its components and applications. GPS is a satellite-based navigation system consisting of 24 satellites that transmits signals allowing GPS receivers to determine their precise location. It was created by the US Department of Defense but is now widely used for civilian navigation and tracking applications around the world.

1. BANASTHALI VIDYAPITH
SEMINAR
ON
GPS (GLOBAL POSITIONING SYSTEMS)
SESSION(2019-2020)
SUBMITTED BY
SALONI MITTAL

2. CONTENTS
 INTRODUCTION
 WHAT IS GPS.
 HISTORY
 GPS ELEMENTS
 WORKING OF GPS
 GPS RECEIVER BLOCK DIAGRAM
 APPLICATION OF GPS TECHNOLOGY
 CONCLUSION
 REFERENCE

3. INTRODUCTION
 GPS was originally created by the United States Department of Defense
as a military applications, but in the 1980's, the government made the
system available for civilian use.
 GPS works in any weather conditions, anywhere in the world, 24
hours a day, 365 days a year.
 The 24 satellites that make up the GPS space segment are orbiting
the earth about 12,000 miles above us.

4. WHAT IS GPS?
 The Global Positioning System (GPS) is a satellite-based
navigation system made up of a network of 24 satellites placed
into orbit.
 GPS is a space-based satellite navigation
system provides location and time
information in all weather.

5. HISTORY
 Navigating by stars (requires clear nights and careful measurements) most
widely used for centuries
 The GPS project was developed in 1973 to overcome the limitations of
previous navigation systems.
 GPS was created and realized by the U.S Department of Defense and was
originally with 24 satellites.
 It became fully operational in 1995. “Bradford Parkinson”, Roger L. Easton, and
“Ivan A. Getting “ are credited with inventing it.

6. Three segments
1. Space segment.
2. Control segment.
3. User segment.
GPS ELEMENTS

7. SPACE SEGMENT
MONITORING
CONTROL SEGMENT(GROUND STATION)
USER

9. SPACE SEGMENT
 GPS satellites fly in circular orbits at an altitude of 20,000 km and with
a period of 12 hours.
 Powered by solar cells.
 The satellites continuously orient themselves to point their solar panels
toward the sun and their antenna toward the earth.
 Oriental planes are centered on the Earth.
 Orbits are designed so that, at least, four satellites are always within
line of sight from any location on the planet.

10. CONTROL SEGMENT
 The consists of 3 entities:
 Master Control System (ORBITAL INFORMATION OF SATTELITE)
 Monitor Stations (DATA MAINTAIN)
 Ground Antennas (LINK ESTABLISHED)
MASTER SYSTEMMONITOR
STATION
GROUND
ANTENNAS
123

11. USER SEGMENT
1. They can also include a display for showing location and
speed information to the user.

12. WORKING OF GPS
The GPS system works on TRILATERAL principle.
The GPS system works by determining how long it takes a radio signal
transmitted from a satellite to reach a land based receiver and then, using
time to calculate distances between the satellite and earth station receiver.
 The distance between the satellite and receiver the mathematical
relationship.
 Distance = Velocity*Time
(Speed of light)

13. A
C
B
TRILATERAL PRINCIPLE

14. APPLICATION OF GPS TECHNOLOGY
 Location
 Navigation System
 Timing
 Tracking
 Mapping
 Military Purpose
 Space Shuttle
 Hiker
 Agriculture
 Sports

15. CONCLUSION
 GPS is a network of satellite that continuously transmit
coded information, which make it possible to precisely
identify locations on earth by measuring distance from the
satellites.
 GPS is very important tool for navigation and tracking
purpose. Its popularity has increased drastically and covered
almost all the domains.

16. REFERENCES
 http://furuno.com/en/gnss/technical/tech_what_gps
 http://www.elprocus.com/how-gps-system-works
 http://electronics.howstuffworks.com/gadgets/travel/gps.htm