Clean Meat Is Wrong

Clean Meat Is Wrong
Because of this breakthrough, Scharfenberg believes people abiding by their religion's strict rules on
food, such as Jews and Muslims, can consume meat without it being ethically condemned by their
religion. This isn't to say people of religions which condemn certain products are now cleared to eat
these foods, it is a matter of interpretation to what they believe is haram, or forbidden. Many
Muslims who do not consume bovine and swine meat believe that 'clean meat' is ethically clean, but
it still originates from a sacred animal.
Many concerns with clean meat are related to the cost, but the prices are, "falling about 15 to 20
percent per month, as the company improves yields and finds less expensive nutrients." Within the
next several years, as prices decrease, clean meat products will become publicly available through
stores around the world. Cause and effect could eventually drive slaughterhouses into the ground,
halt climate change, and change how the world views what they are eating, changing how we
perceive the human diet for eternity (Scharfenberg).
Katie Engelhart, reporter at NBC Left Field, and Nicholas Köhler, freelance journalist, report that to
take a small step in reducing CO₂ gas emissions, campaigns like Meat Free Monday, are
encouraging a minimum of one meatless meal per week. Some celebrities endorsing the campaign
are former Vice President Al Gore, Simon Cowell, Gwyneth Paltrow, and Alec Baldwin. Influential
celebrities and political figures use their
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The Four Stages Of Bruce Tuckman's Model Of Group Theory
When Bruce Tuckman proposed the model of group development in 1965, the model assumed four
stages which include forming–storming–norming–performing stages. However, a fifth model was
introduced to encapsulate the already functioning models and this model became known as the
adjourning phase (Bauer & Erdogan, 2009, p. 191). This group development stages will now be
described below:
The first stage in the group development model is the forming stage which is a time when a group
officially comes together for the first time. This stage is full of uncertainty as members of the group
do not know what role they might be asked to play and what level of behavior is accepted or not
accepted in the group. It's a time when individuals try to get acquainted ... Show more content on
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Similarly, this stage characterizes a great deal of friendship where members rely on their capability
to handle a task and see it done without a leader instructing them how to do it. This stage is also a
period when group members exhibit an unconditional respect for their colleagues and even request
feedback on their level of performance in the task at hand. Apparently, it is not uncommon to have a
close confidant whom personal or intimate secret can be told. Additionally, it's at the norming stage
of the group development that members introduce rules and regulation that determine the
functionality of the group. The level of energy in the group at this stage is extremely high that Bauer
and Erdogan (2009) recommend that it will be appreciated should the leader step aside and only
function as a facilitator to the group whose capability is beyond bound and ready to confront tough
challenges with the confidence of scaling through without

Trove Videogames Essay
In the world of gaming consoles have grown over the years and one thing PC games had over
consoles was massive multiplier online games (MMO's). Now with the gaming systems getting
better MMO's have started to find their own place on gaming consoles. One in particular is Trove by
Trion Worlds. Trove is a MMO and was originally on the PC but had been recently added to the
consoles systems and has taken off with popularity. To play trove you run around different worlds
and as you level you progress into higher leveled portals to keep leveling yourself to the max level
of thirty. While you run around you will encounter other players who are above you and below you
on the level leaderboards and you can interact with them in a global chat or in ... Show more content
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As you complete dungeons, you will be rewarded loot and collecting all of them and taking them to
the loot collector will unlock styles and get the mastery for doing so. Now that you have played all
the characters and have decided to choose the character of your choice, play that character. You will
need to focus on leveling that character and that character only. There is no way to shortcut leveling,
the best way to level is to dungeon farm. Over the world portals, you will see recommended level
and power rank to enter the world. You always want to in the proper world range for your level.
Going higher will not give you more experience and keeping to low on the worlds will not pay out
the max experience you can receive. Another key factor you will notice as you are leveling up your
character is you are unlocking gem slots. This is key to the power rank portion of Trove, and that's
why you need to be level 30 because by doing so you will have unlocked all gem slots and allow
you to insert the maximum number of gems onto that character. After talking about leveling and
gems a little I will go in a little deeper into the matter. To make sure you can get into the desired
portals as you level. Your face, hat, and weapon you should be changing out with the items you pick
up from dungeons if it will give you more power rank. Your end gear type will be called Stellar gear,
but you will end up having to buy that from another player

The Structure Of An Ecosystem And Estimate The Trophic...
. Abstract: To investigate the structure of an ecosystem and estimate the trophic composition and
productivity of the Benedict Forest Preserve. Which organisms accounted for the greatest amount of
biomass for the forest and which organism produced the most energy in the forest ecosystem were
observed and studied. This area studied was hit by a catastrophic tornado in 1999. By studying this
area and accounting for the living organisms in this environment since the disturbance, recovery can
be observed and calculated. It was hypothesized that trees would contribute the highest amount of
energy and biomass to the forest ecosystem. Because we could not account for the entire forest,
sample sizes were taken. The class was divided into ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
An ecosystem contains the circle of life, meaning that every organism that is part of that particular
environment is a part of a food chain, or a chain of transfer of energy from one organism to another.
To enable us to better keep track of what an organism role is in an environment, organisms are put
into trophic levels in a way that organizes them based on their role in an ecosystem.
A trophic level is a group of organisms that are on the same level of the food chain and therefore
share in some distinctive characteristics. The first, or bottom level, is composed of autotrophs,
which include plants that produce their own food using the energy they obtain from the sun. The
second level up on the pyramid includes herbivores. The third trophic level from the bottom is the
group of secondary consumers, which include carnivores. The pyramid can continue to tertiary
consumers, which would be a higher level of carnivores, however not every ecosystem may reach
this level. It all depends on the complexity of the ecosystem and each ecosystem is different. These
levels tie into the concept of a food web. The secondary consumers eat the primary consumers, who
then eat the primary producers. A trophic level could then be considered as a guild, which consists
of a collection of species that all eat the

Three Main Stages Of Kurt Lewin's Model In Management
Kurt Lewin had a good contribution in regard to setting certain model related to management
changes. This model has three main stages, starting from unfreezing, moving to changing with
refreezing and finally refreezing. This model represents a very easy and practical model to
comprehend the change processes, Lewin did clarify that an organization would go through change
due an importance which reflects on the organization's level of proficiency and efficiency of work;
all of which goes through three stages and ends at the point of adapting the new behaviour after the
enhancement process. Lewin's model is still very popular and utilized in many modern models
(Morrison, 2014).
Unfreeze
Lewin's model has three main stages, these stages give ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
This process might be critical as at some point some might face a very slow refreezing process, as
transaction rarely stops in good shape and without any roughness(Morrison, 2014) . In most
advanced organizations this stage considered temporal , as they have another change right by the
corner , in this case this stage is not considered as a real refreezing stage, its just there to make the
next refreezing stage easier to adapt and accepted(Wirth & , 2004) . However, many organizations
find that their staff go through a shock stage due to the change, and that does reflect on their
competency level, and their efficiency as well(Burnes, 2004) . Conclusion Lewin's model helps
managers to execute the change in their organizations , as this change covers the main three stages
of unfreezing, change with refreezing , and refreezing. Lewin's stages gives enough direction to how
deal with the change, people and help them to overcome the stages and have stability in the
refreezing stage. This does not change the fact, that having cooperative people, who accept the
change and embrace it , would make this process kick smoothly and executed in the right way
(Morrison, 2014)

The Effect Of Metal Content On Different Trophic Levels
The significant variations of metal content in species of the same and different trophic levels (Table
3.2) imply that species, more than the trophic category, was the factor which best explained the
variability observed in the concentration of metals in terrestrial organisms. This may be bound up
their species–specific ability of active excretion of heavy metal ions and/or their ecological
characteristics (Van Straalen and Van Wensem 1986; Grodziniska et al. 1987). This find is
conforming to Mackay et al. (1997), who stated that "it may be the physiology of an organism, and
not the trophic level which determines the internal concentration of heavy metals". Likewise, this
find, to some extent, accords with the observations of Hernández et ... Show more content on
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However, these bioaccumulation factors increased in case of Cu (from the secondary consumers) of
El–Manzala, and Pb of Al–Tebbin until the fourth trophic level of the food web. In relation to the
bioaccumulation factors of metals along trophic levels, Zn shows the most consistent trend in both
regions (Table 3.3). Although the higher bioaccumulation factors for all metals were noted for
primary consumers at the second trophic level, bioaccumulation factors for Pb in El–Manzala (3.7)
and in Al–Tebbin (1.4) were higher at the third and fourth trophic levels, respectively. Lead of the
two investigated food webs had the highest frequency of biomagnification factors that are more than
1.0, whereas the lowest frequency of bioaccumulation factors that are more than 1.0 was noted for
Cd and Zn. Among 46 bioaccumulation factors calculated for Pb, 26 were above 1.0, but at the same
time, as many as 18 were lower than 1.0. The minimum bioaccumulation value (Cd) reached as low
as 0.001, and the maximum one (Cd) reached as high as 50.0 in El–Manzala.
Calculation of bioaccumulation factors values indicated that accumulation of heavy metals was
more frequent in arthropods and other taxa at lower trophic levels of the food web. In contrast,
concentrations of metals decreased in animal species at higher trophic levels, suggesting that the
transfer of trace metals along the vertebrate

Trophic Levels
The number of producers compared to the number of consumers is less than the consumers. The
amount of primary consumers is three while the secondary are three and the tertiary are four. The
trophic levels these feeders animals occupy are second, third and fourth trophic levels. Also known
as primary, secondary and tertiary consumers. The animals that form these trophic levels are rabbits,
birds, deer, mountain lions, fox's, coyotes, owls, eagles hawks and falcons. The reason the energy
pyramid starts bigger at the bottom and gets smaller as it goes up is because the bottom represents
the producers which is much more than the others as they go up. Another reason for this could also
be because the organisms on the top are less hunted leaving

Overfishing And Its Effects On Humans
Fish, one of the worlds' leading food source in all regions of the world, but what if one day that food
source was to deplete so drastically that one could no longer use it as a food source? What would
happen to the people that rely solely on this source? What would happen to the people that relied on
catching fish as a job? What would happen to the worlds' economy? These are only a few questions
that should be a concern in the result of Overfishing. The ocean is a big and mass world living
among us, taking up seventy eight percent of our space on Earth. This makes the idea of overfishing
sound ridiculous and people often ignore the idea. How could we possibly deplete such a large
resource? However, overfishing is not a concept to be taken lightly. Not every fish in the ocean is
editable and not every fish is able to be reached by fisherman. However, the fish we do commonly
eat and catch is being caught at an alarming rate, faster than they are able to reproduce, but we will
talk about this more later. For one to better understand overfishing, one must be aware of the causes
of Overfishing and the effects it has on our society. In order to better understand a concept, one must
really dig down beneath the surface in order to truly understand it. We will go over the causes and
effects of overfishing and its effects on the marine life, what it does to the food supply for
civilization, and the subtle signs warning us about overfishing. Not all marine life is edible, but that

Bsc 307 Clinical Assessment Commentary
BSC 307 Clinical Assessment Commentary
1. Analyzing Student Learning
a. Identify the specific learning objectives from the lesson plans measured by the assessment chosen
for analysis. Exit slip was the chosen assessment for analysis. The learning targets addressed
included –I can use mathematical calculations to determine the amount of energy/matter available to
a trophic level within an ecosystem. –I can describe how organisms at each trophic level obtain
energy. –I can use a diagram to show the relationship between the amount of available energy and
the size of different trophic levels.
Exit slip:
1. Calculate the energy lost from the producers to secondary consumers. (100–>10–>?)
a. 1000
b. .1
c. 1
d. 0
2. An ecosystem is made up of many food _____that form food webs.
a. Chains
b. Animals
c. Primary consumers
d. Energy
3. Explain why we would draw different trophic levels in a pyramid with producers at the bottom
and tertiary consumers at the top?
4. Circle the producer on the food pyramid below Artifact: Each question was worth 2 points. If the
students circled the right answer in questions 1, 2, and 4, they received full credit. Partial credit
could be given for question 3. For full credit on question 3, the students must explain population
size and energy availability is grater on the bottom of the pyramid. If students identify one of the
two, they receive half credit. This evaluation will help me reflect and analyze what portions of my
lesson I should re–evaluate or emphasize for future students.
c. Provide a graphic (table or chart) or narrative summary of student learning for your whole class.
Be sure to summarize student learning for all evaluation criteria described above.
Points out of 8 # of students Average class grade
8 4 6.75/8 = 84%
7 17

6 5
4 2
Overall, I am happy from the student results. They demonstrated learning with a majority of the
class missing one point or less. After grading, I think I could have made question 3 more clear by
having them explain two reasons. I think a lot of the class knew that population and energy was
higher at the bottom of the energy pyramid but did not put it down. The students demonstrated
knowledge of the objectives through accurate

Pollutions : Effecting The Effects Of Noise In The Classroom
To begin the discussion on the effect of noise within a classroom setting, we must first analyze what
noise is. Merriam Webster defines noise as "any sound that is undesired or interferes with one's
hearing of something." Noise can arise from a range of objects. This can include but is not limited to
people, machinery or everyday common objects such as a pencil sharpener. While noise constantly
surrounds us, it is when there is a large amount of a loud level of noise that it begins to impede our
ability to interpret and follow speech. The American Speech–Language Hearing Association outlines
the levels of noise that are comfortable for noise. Noise is measured in decibels (dB), and a range
anywhere from 0 to 70 dB is considered normal. Anything above 85 dB can lead to eventual hearing
loss. While the level of noise within a classroom is well within the normal range, this just goes to
show that noise can have a strong effect on our health. It comes to no surprise then that noise can
lead to difficulty with attention and learning in classrooms.
Now we must explore what the possible noises in a classroom may be. It can range anywhere from
outside noise such as cars passing by to the chairs scrapping on the floor. Noise for a classroom is
often described in two categories: external and internal noises. An external noise is usually a single
event, such as a car honking. An internal noise are noises that are occurring directly within the
classroom, such as a pencil sharpener or

Carlingford Lough Case Study
Results Overview
We created a theoretical food web for Carlingford lough based on binary links, using species records
consisting of 154 species, 674 links, a linkage density of 4.48 and a connectance of 0.0248 (Figure
2). The fundamental food web properties of Carlingford fell within 95% confidence intervals of
webs of similar species richness (S) (n=12, between 126–170 nodes – Appendix 2), based on food
webs listed in the food web catalogue by Riede et al. (2009).
Figure 2. Carlingford lough fundamental food web based on species records obtained from the UK
National Biodiversity Network and binary feeding links inferred from the literature.
Community properties
In order to establish how community properties correlated with temperature and lag, we analysed
changes in S, assemblage composition, biomass, and body mass based on each sample collected (a
sample being an integrated measure of fyke net catch and sediment core content standardised to
m2). ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
We compared linear model and generalised additive model (GAM) with a smoothing function of 0.6
using analysis of variance (with a Chi–square test). The results indicated that incorporating
nonlinear effects improved the model considerably (P=0.0001), which was reflected in significantly
lower AIC values of GAM (AIC=292. 9) compared to linear model (AIC=305.6). This suggests a
non – linear response in S to temperature changes throughout the year, with the highest species
richness at more moderate temperatures (Figure

Memorable Vacation Essay : My Most Memorable Trip To Dubai
MY MOST MEMORABLE VACATION
When you think about a vacation it is a calm, serene place away from work and the hustle and bustle
of the city. However, that isn't always the case. My most memorable vacation happens to be a trip to
the city of Dubai in the summer of 2013. I remember packing for this trip I was so excited. I couldn't
explain why so happy and enthusiastic to go, because this would be my umpteenth time of going to
Dubai. I was probably excited about shopping but little did I know I was in for a suprise.
We arrived in Dubai in the early hours of the morning at around 7am local time. When we stepped
out of the airport it was so humid I could hear my skin crack, typical mid–July weather in Dubai. We
checked into Kempinski hotel Palm Jumeriah, Dubai. I was starving I couldn't wait to eat so as soon
as my suitcases came up, I dashed to the lobby I ran as fast as Usain Bolt for a second. When I got to
the lobby I asked the receptionist for the breakfast area she replied, "around the corner to your left
sir". I walked swiftly around the corner when I got there I was marvelled by the amount of food they
had, I didn't even know where or how to start. I was very hungry so I just took a little of everything.
While I was taking my food, I couldn't help but notice the large chocolate fountain they had it
looked just like the one in Willy Wonka's chocolate factory. After eating my food, I took five
strawberries and dipped them into the fountain one by one, I just couldn't

Persuasive Essay On Environmental Sustainability
The current global population of 7.6 billion people is expected to reach 11.2 billion in 2100 (UN
DESA), and as the Earth's population continues to grow exponentially, the topic of environmental
sustainability is being debated with increased urgency. In the past few years, many large–scale
environmental issues have emerged due to human activities: climate change, air and water pollution,
rising sea levels, habitat loss, species extinction, and worsening natural disasters are all becoming
more and more prevalent. But perhaps our most immediate concern should be whether or not we
will be able to continue feeding this ever–increasing population.
While all of us relatively understand how driving cars, leaving the lights on, or using too much
water can affect the environment, there is one massive human activity that is frequently overlooked–
eating. From growing, to processing, to distributing, and finally consuming, our agricultural system
uses an immense portion of our planet's limited resources and emits large amounts of greenhouse
gases that have drastic effects on the environment. Because of this, it is imperative to understand the
environmental impacts of the type of foods that we choose to include in our diets. While much of
today's population is heavily reliant on animal products, it is evident that a meat–based diet is not
environmentally sustainable; on the other hand, a plant–based diet is much more environmentally
friendly in terms of the amount of grain, water, and

The Negative Effects Of Animals In Zoos
Negative Effects of Animals in Zoos Zoos, often described as establishments with indoor and
outdoor settings where live animals are kept, play a vital role in conserving wild species. Zoo
establishments serve the purpose of educating zoo visitors about animals and for providing those
animals with proper care, but they are typically used for public exhibition. Most people see zoos as
places to take their children to learn more about animals, and as a form of entertainment by allowing
people to walk around and look at animals in cages. Others see zoos as places that confine animals
from their natural habitat, and as places that interfere with the natural order of the animals. There are
many factors that contribute to the negative effects of animals being in zoos, most being the zoo's
management, faculty, and the visitors.
How zoo faculties are managed is one of the many ways that animals in zoos can be affected
negatively. According to Smit, "[t]he obvious managerial goal with such facilities is to achieve a
level of integration of facilities and services, but a level of integration which is driven by the needs
of animals in any given zoological facility" (Smit). Smit believes that facilities and services should
be combined in a way that has a favorable effect towards the animals. An example of this would be
when animal cages are built to accommodate their inhabitants (Smit). Animal cages must be
structured well enough for the safety of the animals and in a way that the

Impacts On Insect Bio Ecology
Impacts on insect bio–ecology
Phonological asynchrony
The major impact of elevated temperature is the associated advancement in the phenology of life
history events for many plant and animal species which ultimately results in disruption of synchrony
between the interacting pairs. Especially the specialists are more affected than generalist species.
For example the spatial mismatch between the monophagous insect Boloria titania (Esper)
(Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae) and its larval host Polygonum bistortad was reported due to differential
range expansion of each species (Schweiger et al. 2008). Another example for phenological
asynchrony is recorded by Visser and Holleman (2001), they reported that 90% eggs of winter moth,
Operophtera brumata (L.) (Lepidoptera: Geometridae) hatched before the new leaf flush appearance
of its host, Quercus robur. Insects are more capable of advancing their lifecycle to the changes in
their host this was reported by Both et al., (2009) in his long term experiment in European mixed
wood land comprising four trophic levels viz., oak, oak moth, song bird and hawk. The generalist
pollinators are keeping pace with climate indued changes in the flowering phenology of plants
(Bartomeus et al., 2011). In a bitrophic interaction, host parasitoid interaction under elevated
temperature and shading was studied by Klapwijk et al., (2010) and they reported that Euphydrias
aurinia (Rottermburg) (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae) and its specialized Braconidae

Mesopredator Release Hypothesis
The removal of apex predators from an ecosystem can result in a surplus of mesopredators (Ripple,
2007). Mesopredators are located directly beneath apex predators on the trophic ladder and are
density–limited by their apex predators, therefore keeping total predation pressure restricted within
ecosystems. When apex predators are lost, this inhibiting dynamic is removed, resulting in a
'mesopredator release' (Hollings, 2013; Wallach, 2015). In ecological communities where apex
predator densities are low and mesopredator densities are high, high grazing and predation pressures
occur, thus altering the ecosystem's function (Wallach, 2015). In comparison to their apex predators,
the mesopredator's characteristically smaller size limits their hunting and consumption of large
herbivores, resulting in the high grazing associated with the release of herbivores from apex
predator control. The mesopredator release hypothesis and the trophic cascade theory bring attention
to the effects of apex predator removal from ecosystems, specifically when displaying how the
increase in smaller predators affects prey species within a particular food web (Colman, 2015;
Hollings, 2013). Once released from the control of apex predators, theory predicts ... Show more
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The scientific community is increasing the number of studies dedicated to understanding the causes
and effects of trophic cascades, due in part to human actions that are immensely decreasing the
populations of apex predators worldwide. Since the mid–1900's, numerous observations have noted
the direct, and indirect, effects of apex predators on smaller animal species and plant communities.
Although there is adequate evidence on the impact of apex predator removal on small scale
ecosystem functioning, a question remains as to the impact that will occur on the global

Human Trophic Level
Human Trophic Lab
2. Humans belong to the consumer level, both primary and secondary and beyond which means we
are considered omnivores that eat plants and animals. Humans and other animals can belong to more
than one trophic level. Depending on what you eat and what you can eat, you may be placed in a
different level depending on the circumstance. Organisms of different different metabolisms and
lifestyles may be on the same level, thus trophic levels cannot indicate characteristics of organisms
in a certain level. As organisms mature, they may change their feeding habits which cannot be
classified under one level. In general, trophic levels generalizes ecosystem relationships because
they cannot be diagrammed.
4. Location of production. ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Vegetarianism is more efficient from production to consumption because there is less waste and the
ratio of energy intake compared to gross production is much greater for plants than animals. Meat
prices more drastically compared to those of fruits and veggies. You can grow your own fruits and
veggies in your backyard with relatively little space and resources compared to trying to raise your
own livestock. Vegetarianism may lead to a deficinacy of vitamins and minerals including iron, B–
12, and protein. You can also be lacking in calories in general and may be more tired because many
vegetarian foods are not as calorie dense. Eating vegetarian can also be difficult depending on where
you live.
9. Buy local or buy fair trade options. Only eat foods that are in season. Increase your plant to meat
ratio when eating. Eat less processed foods. Use applicances that are more energy efficent when
storing and preparing foods. Encourage farmers to pass through their fields as less as possible. I
think the most energy savings would be at the beginning of the process starting with farmers.
Personal decisions would also create savings maybe not so much on personal level, but on a national
or international

The Consequences Of Whaling And Its Effects On The...
Whaling is the hunting of whales to obtain meat and blubber. The blubber is brought to a station off
the shore designed to boil the blubber into oil (Hacquebord 2001). All these components of a whale
are useful to humans, but by extracting these whales at such a high rate may have consequences for
the ecosystem they leave behind (Hacquebord 2001;Williams et al. 2004;Baum and Worm 2009). It
is important to question the effects mass exploitation has on the environment in order to prevent or
predict certain unwanted changes for future removal (Williams et al. 2004;Baum and Worm 2009).
Whaling has been studied from various time periods and different places around the world
(Hacquebord 2001;Williams et al. 2004;Trites et al. 2007;Baum and Worm 2009).
In 1977 there was an increase in certain species of lions and seals in British Columbia, while in
Alaska there was a decrease of seals and sea lions (Williams et al. 2004;Trites et al. 2007). Because
this happened after commercial whaling, many attribute the decline with cascading top–down effect
(Trites et al. 2007). There are many other factors that make an impact and based on research the
removal of the whales did not cause the shift in seals and sea lions (Trites et al. 2007). Most studies
are conducted to focus on the predator and a species of prey of a neighboring trophic layer (Baum
and Worm 2009). Another whale influencing this environment is the Killer whale (Williams et al.
2004). These need an incredibly high calorie diet

Tuckman Team Stages
Describe with examples the stages that involved in team development.
Psychologist Bruce Wayne Tuckman developed the first four stages of team development. The
stages were called 'Tuckman stages'. Later the fifth stage was added together with Man Ann Jensen.
'You can't expect a new team to perform well when it first comes together. The targeted goal takes
time to be achieved by the team within an organisation. Tuckman stages show us how a team go
through various steps acquiring a set of knowledge to share the common set goals. Teamwork is a
way to have an effective work. The five stages are forming, storming, norming, performing, and
adjourning which are further elaborated below:
Forming
In this first stage, a group of people introduced to each other. They are curious, anxious, cautious
and even excited about the task ahead. To form a good impression on others the spirit of positive
vibes are seen among the team members.The forming stage is to create a team with clear structure,
goals, direction and roles so that all the team ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
There is celebration and recognition of the group achievement. In this ending stage, the temporary
groups will be scattered once the goal has been accomplished. However, the ending process never
occurs in certain groups for example a customer service team and a social media team. However,
time and effort are needed to reach the final stage. The deadline is dependent on the experience and
skills of the team members. Members who have been adapted to the team may find the adjourning
stage difficult as they have to leave the team to accomplish their own personalised goal in the
organisation.
Indeed, team development is a way to increase the ability of an employee to have a good source of
planning, problem solving and decision making. The progression has to be effective through the
stages of the team development effectiveness is very crucial for the team to accomplish their

The Effects Of Coral Reef Ecosystem On Coral Reefs...
The present study consistent with previous finding by Casey et al. (2016) and Jennings et al. (1995)
regarding bottom up processes in coral reef ecosystem. Also show a profound contrast to widely
accepted top–down processes in coral reef ecosystem, indicated by weak relationship on prey–
predator interaction and strong positive relationship between hard coral cover and fish biomass.
Despite there are more studies confirm cascading effect in coral reefs such as indirect effect on
mesopredator and herbivore density( (Friedlandler and DeMartini 2002; Ruppert et al. 2013; Ritchie
and Johnson 2009), algal cover sponge cover (Rasher et al 2013; Loh et al. 2015) resulting decline
in coral cover and juvenile coral (Rasher et al 2013; Casey et al 2015). However, most of those
research were conducted in region where confounding factors persists such as fishing pressure
across many trophic levels (predator, herbivore, planktivore), pollution, and terrestrial run–off.
Eventhough some research were conducted in the nearly pristine area, such as Dulvy (2004) in Lau
Island Fiji with human population densities ranging between two and 42 people km–2. However,
this area may not be pristine in a historical context and non exclusive predator fishing still occurs.
Hence, recent unambiguous empirical evidence of trophical cascade in coral reef ecosystem with the
absent of confounding factors was scarce (Ferretti et al 2010).
Our results largerly consistent with Casey (2016) that found no

Distinctive Trophic Levels
By having them feed at distinctive trophic levels they are not seeking the same foods. The foods the
adults eat are not the same foods the adolescent eats so they are not encroaching and going up
against one another. That separation in trophic levels helps with the survival of the adolescents to the
adult stage. It could also have to do with natural selection. Only the strongest individuals from the
species survive the larval stage. week hatchlings with awful qualities get eaten. So that way, more
assets are accessible for stronger individuals from the species and the qualities don't get passed on.
The area of an animal has an enormous influence in affecting their producers contribution to their
size. A portion of the animals on the

A Brief Note On Ecology And The Enviroment
Marko Kolundzija – 214162898
SLE103 – Ecology and the Enviroment
Tutor – Claire Binek Introduction
Ecosystem is a biological community of living organisms/biotic components (plants & animals) and
non–living/abiotic elements (sunlight, soil, air & water) within a specific area, together forming a
complex system in which they interact and adversely affect & depend on each other in one form or
another (food chain, mineral recycling, trophic flow).
It's extremely important to study ecosystems not only to better understand and the natural flow that
occurs within, but also help maintain and better understand biodiversity, learn how to sustain, aid
and if necessary help rebuild them too. Potentially observe any ominous sign's, changes ... Show
more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Method or how I observed the ecosystem was by randomly choosing 2 areas with in it and gradually
expanding my study area from 1 to 32 m², carefully watching and noting down what I observed.
I did this by starting from surface equal to 1 m² then increasing it to 2, 4, 8 and 32 m² each time
marking the boundary with a yellow fluorescent string held up by four screwdrivers that also acted
as the four corners of the current quadrat correctly marked with a measuring tape and 90° angle.
Each time I increased the surface are, I observed and noted down every different type of plant and
animal species, any present non–living animal or plant materials, condition of the soil, different
types of foliage, interactions between the living & non–living components and interaction between
living organisms.
All the accumulated was put in to a data table, showing species richness for each quadrat and total
cumulative number of species and then represented with a graph.
Map of areas studied in the reservce
Coordinates: 37°59 '1"S 145°10 '4"E
Results
Area 1 Quadrat size ( m²)
1 x 1 1 x 2 2 x 2 2 x 4 4 x 4 4 x 8
Grass 1 X
Tree 1 X
Grass 2 X

Tree 2 X
Herb 1 X
Grass

The Human Brain Is An Interesting Artifact
There has only ever been one animal that has ever had dominion over all biodomes in the Earth.
They're all over the world, and have been since nearly the beginning of time. It seems like wherever
and whenever you look, this animal is there. Please allow for the introduction of the... DRAGON!!!
Dragons are seriously everywhere. But why? Why is it that nearly every culture developed the
dragon individually? Well, since they've been around so long, it could, be argued that the dragon has
been hardwired into the human mind. The human brain is an interesting artifact. It can over
complicate the simple and make a mockery of the convoluted. It can understand something as easy
as one two three and as crazy as those confounding emotions. Speaking of which, what is emotion?
Specifically, what is fear? What makes someone feel fear? Scientifically speaking, "...fear is
controlled by a small, almond–shaped structure called the amygdala." (Zielinski) Okay, so this little
gland has the ability to make anyone suddenly lose control of their cognition? Not quite, and not
always. In a study done by Justin Fienstein, John Wemmie, and a team of other graduate students
from the University of Iowa, 3 patients who had suffered from a disease called Urbach–Wiethe
Disease were put to the test of feeling fear. Urbach–Wiethe damages the Amygdala, causing those
who suffer from this disease to not feel fear the way most people do. Even after having a patient do
things that would make most everyone's

How Trophic Cascades Are Powerful Forces That Have A...
Yellow Perch (Perca flavenscens) Food Chain Dynamics in Lac la Biche, Alberta Proposal
Jacob Thalen, Feb, 5, 2015 ThalenJ2@mymacewan.ca
MacEwan University, Department of Biology
Done in part for the requirements of BIOL 498 under the supervision of Dr. David Locky & Dr.
Mrinal Das.
MacEwan University, Department of Biology.
Abstract: Trophic cascades are powerful forces that have a pronounced effect on ecosystems. They
occur when predation causes shifts in prey dynamics that indirectly lead to enhanced survival in the
next lowest trophic level. Walleye fishing bans at Lac la Biche coinciding with a restocking effort
have led to a large recovery of walleye populations. The increase in populations of a high trophic
level predator should cause shifts in a lower trophic level species (yellow perch) prey preferences
from fish towards invertebrate prey. 576 yellow perch stomach collected from 2009 – 2013 by
Alberta Environment and Sustainable Resource Development were sent to MacEwan University for
processing/analysis. Yellow perch stomachs will be measured (dry weight, empty weight), and prey
items will be removed identified and weighed. Sampling procedure differs depending on the type of
prey item removed from the stomach (fish, macro and micro invertebrates). Length and weight
measurements will be taken for fish and macro invertebrates; whereas, micro invertebrates will be
sub sampled until 50–100 individuals can be identified. Data will be analyzed using multi

Simulation Reflection Paper
Simulation Reflection The simulation was very interesting in that my partner and I were given an
opportunity to think critically about how to approach to influence different managers and workers
with different characteristics. By running the simulation twice, it allowed us to find out what actions
have worked and what did not during the first run, and then second run allowed us to apply what we
learned to complete the second simulation in a much more efficient and timely manner. There are
three stages in the simulation, including mobilization, movement, and sustain phases. The
simulation begins in the mobilization phase, and in this phase it was important to get everyone
aware of the new change we wish to initiate in the company. The key ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
Now that we have completed the simulation, we realized that we would rather want to conduct
private means of persuasions in precedent to more public ones. In other words, we understood that
embarking our crews on a same boat comes before guiding all of our crews to focus on the same

Essay on Effects Of Overfishing Atlantic Cod on East Coast...
Overfishing is a global issue that has many negative effects on the environment (Fisheries and
Oceans Canada, 2009). Fish are a major resource that many people rely on for not only nutrition, but
also for a means of income (Fisheries and Oceans Canada, 2009). As the population of the world
increases, so does the demand for fish, which puts oceans under a lot of pressure (Fisheries and
Oceans Canada, 2009). Due to advanced fishing technologies and equipment, going out further into
the oceans and catching huge amounts of fish is easier than ever (Fisheries and Oceans Canada,
2009). Froese (2004) defines overfishing as capturing the fish before they reach their full growth
potential and diminishing their chance of reproduction. In other ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
The snow crab population is also increasing (Frank et al., 2005; Scheffer et al., 2005). This increase
has led to the decrease in the large–bodied zooplankton species (>2 mm) because this is what the
shrimp and crab populations prefer to feed off of (Frank et al., 2005; Scheffer et al., 2005). Now that
the zooplankton abundance isn't as high, the phytoplankton population has increased, which is due
to the reduced pressure being put on them by the zooplankton (Frank et al., 2005; Scheffer et al.,
2005). Lastly, the concentration of nitrate is lower, which suggests the phytoplankton populations
are depleting it more strongly (Frank et al., 2005; Scheffer et al., 2005). These changes in the
ecosystem can be quite harmful and can lead to breakouts of disease in the lower trophic levels
because the populations become so dense that they are more prone to catching a disease (Jackson et
al., 2001). As one can see, overfishing is a serious issue with serious consequences. Froese (2004)
suggests three ways to deal with overfishing: 'Let them spawn!', Let them grow!', and 'Let the mega–
spawners live!'. The first idea suggests that the fish be allowed to spawn at least once before they are
caught. This will allow the population to rebuild and remain healthy (Froese, 2004). The second idea
suggests that the fish be allowed to grow to ±10% of their optimum

St. Paul Sustainable Ecosystem
Sustainability is whether or not an ecosystem can survive for long periods of time. Throughout this
chapter I will be talking about whether the forest in the backyard of St. Paul is a sustainable
ecosystem and what factors keep the balance.
First of all an ecosystem is all the biotic things that live in one area and the chemical and physical
environment that surrounds them. Usually in a sustainable ecosystem there is everything that the
ecosystem needs already provided within it. So what does an ecosystem need? Well first of all there
needs to be an abundance of lots of biodiversity, which means that there are multiple different types
of plants and animals as well as various different species. Because there is so much different flora
and fauna ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The carbon cycle is also a very important part of the ecosystem. The carbon cycle is how the carbon
gets transferred from the lithosphere, atmosphere, hydrosphere, and biosphere. The carbon cycle
starts with plants using the CO2 in photosynthesis. During photosynthesis plants use water, energy
from the sun and carbon to make a compound called glucose as well as releasing oxygen. Then as
the plants get eaten by consumers the glucose (which includes carbon) moves up the food chain.
Along the way animals use that glucose for energy, as well as breathing out the carbon in the form
of carbon dioxide. Animals and humans harness this energy by our cells that break down the
glucose. This is a process called cellular respiration. We then release the carbon in the form of
carbon dioxide back into the air by exhaling or eliminating waste.
If along the chain a producer or consumer dies without being eaten the carbon will decompose and
will get buried under everything else. After many years the carbon that was in it will turn into fossil
fuels ready to be burned by us and release more of the already abundant carbon dioxide into the

Definition Of Open Education Resources
Definition of Open Education Resource (OER)
Open Education Resources (OERs) are resources such as tutorials, documents, videos, live
streaming videos, lecture notes, tests, assignments, quizzes and activities. OERs assist teachers in
providing interesting and innovative lessons to students of all grades. It also provides education to
students of all ages and all sectors. The key point of OERs is that they are in the global public
domain and anyone can access them free. (JISC. Lou
McGill, 2014). OERs have an open license policy, therefore teachers and students may copy, use and
re–share, information obtained from these resources. In addition, someone who is more versed in a
topic is sometimes able to update someone else's work. For instance, lecturers from South
African Universities have improved on the on–line lecture notes provided by the Delft University of
Technology in the Netherlands. The modules are on clean water technology, and the input of South
African universities with regard to best practice has been helpful to both lectures and students alike.
(UNESCO, 2016).
2. Introduction
An ecosystem is a community that includes non–biological (abiotic) and ecological elements
(biotic/living elements) which must at least have an autotroph, a decomposer, a liquid medium (air,
water or both), a source and deterioration of energy and chemical cycles. (Botkin, 2014 p G–4). An
ecosystem is the functioning of organisms by interactions with the chemical and physical
environment and

Ecosystem
Biotic
Pertaining to living organisms.
Carrying capacity
A maximum number of individuals or maximum population density that a habitat can support.
Community
All the organisms that live within a given area.
Consumer
An organism that obtains food from other living organisms.
Ecological succession
Changes in the species composition of an ecosystem following a disturbance.
Ecology
The study of how organisms interact with their environments.
Ecosystem
All the organisms that live within a given area and all the abiotic features of their environment.
Exponential growth
A model of population growth in which a population grows at a rate proportional to its size.
Life history strategy
The position a population of ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
5.
What organisms are at the base of a food chain or food web?
6.
What role do decomposers play? What organisms function as decomposers in most communities?
7.
Can two species have the same niche in a community? Why or why not?
8.
What is parasitism? What are some examples of parasitism?
9.

What is the difference between commensalism and mutualism?
21.3 Energy Flow in Ecosystems
10.
All organisms need energy in order to grow, reproduce, and perform the activities necessary for
survival. Where does this energy come from ultimately?
11.
How does sunlight energy enter the biotic world?
12.
How much of the energy at one trophic level becomes available to the next trophic level, on
average? What happens to the rest?
13.
What is an energy pyramid?
21.4 Kinds of Ecosystems
14.
What are some of the factors that determine the types of organisms that live in a certain habitat?
15.
What is the primary variable used to classify habitats into major biomes?
16.
Give an example of a biome where the soil is nutrient–poor, and of one where soil is nutrient–rich.
17.
Why are fires essential to savanna habitats?
18.
What are some features of plants found in desert habitats?
19.
What are the three life zones found in aquatic lake habitats?
20.
What's the difference between plankton and nekton?
21.
What is the intertidal zone, and what are some of the organisms that live there?
21.5 Change in an Ecosystem
22.
What is the difference between primary and

Interactions within Biological Systems Lead to Complex...
Enduring Understanding 4.A: Interactions Within biological systems lead to complex properties.
Overview
Almost every aspect of biology involves interaction between different components and systems. It
starts all the way at the cellular level with the interactions of cell organelles that allow a cell to
function and it goes all the way up to the way different ecosystems come together to form complex
communities and interactions. It is these interactions that make biological systems complex and how
cells are specialized in one animal affects the way that animal interacts with the others around it.
These interactions create ever changing and unique properties that make organisms function in the
way in which they do so.
Essential knowledge 4.A.1: The subcomponents of biological molecules and their sequence
determine the properties of that molecule
Proteins, nucleic acids, lipids, and carbohydrates are the four basic macromolecules. Each of these
macromolecules are made up of smaller components that determine the specific macromolecule and
how it functions.
Proteins
Proteins are complex structures made up of chains of amino acids. Each protein has a different
function such as enzymes to catalyze reactions or protein hormones to trigger certain functions of a
cell. First let's start with the most basic component of a protein: an amino acid. An amino acid is
made up of a central carbon atom attached to a hydrogen atom, a carboxyl group, an amino group,
and an R group which varies

Pigface Essay
Pig Face
Carpobrotus Rossii
There are about 30 different species of carpobrotus Rossii (Pigface) around the world. In Australia
there are four species which are seen mainly in coastal areas on sand dunes. Pigface is a succulent
plant that spreads up to 2 or more metres, flatly across the ground with thick waxy succulent leaves
growing up to 100mm long and has large daisy like flowers which grow about 45mm in diameter.
This plant usually has purple petals with a white or yellow centre. fruits and leaves are edible. 'The
water stored in the leaves act as storage organs enabling the plant to survive hot dry summers on
coastal cliffs and sand.' (Unique Flora of Tasmania, 2016) ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net
...
Decomposers process a large amount of organic material and return nutrients to the ecosystem in
inorganic form, which are then taken up again by primary producers. Energy is not recycled during
decomposition, but rather is released, mostly in heat. (Annenberg Learner, n.d)
Part 3
Human Impact on the South Port dune system
Humans have adversely affected the South Port sand dunes particularly the biophysical processes
occurring in the accretion cycle and on the flora and fauna in the biosphere. People, especially boot
campers, are walking or running in the wrong areas causing cliff faces to gradually collapse. There
are also people camping in areas that there should not be campers, council has had to remove tents
and mattresses as a consequence. (Jock Conlon, 2017)
Other impacts have been caused by the following human activities:
Negative:
Disruption of sediment (sand) flow
Coastal Development– golf courses, houses, surf

What Are The Five Trophic Levels
These are predators that consume the second trophic level, such as the mice and insects which
absorbed the energy through the consumption of its energy through consumption of the first–trophic
level. The fourth trophic–level is the tertiary consumers. This level consists of carnivores that eat
carnivores. An example of this would be snakes and fish. The snakes would consume the rats, frogs,
mice and birds and the fish would eat insects. Lastly, the fifth trophic level is the quaternary
consumers. These are again carnivores that each other carnivores an example of this would be
sharks and hawks. The shark would eat the fish and the hawk would eat the snake. However, the
living organism consumes the energy nutrients can be absorbed as

The Human Impact On Natural Resources And An Ecosystem
Introduction
1. Create a food web to analyze the importance of each organism within the web.
2. Describe the human impact on natural resources and an ecosystem.
3. Interpret ecological pyramids from data.
4. Explain the effect of limiting factors on population growth.
5. Describe the pattern of succession that follows an environmental disturbance.
6. Define and describe the interactions between species and their affect on the stability of an
ecosystem.
7. Evaluate the effect of non–native/invasive species on the stability of an ecosystem.
8. Explain the biogeochemical cycles and their role in ecosystems.
3.4: Describe how matter cycles through an ecosystem by way of food chains and food webs and
how organisms convert that matter into a variety of organic molecules to be used in part in their own
cellular structures.
3.5: Describe how energy from the sun flows through an ecosystem by way of food chains and food
webs and how only a small portion of that energy is used by individual organisms while the majority
is lost as heat.
4.1: Explain that the amount of life environments can support is limited by the available energy,
water, oxygen and minerals and by the ability of ecosystems to recycle the remains of dead
organisms.
4.2: Describe how human activities and natural phenomena can change the flow and of matter and
energy in an ecosystem and how those changes impact other species.
4.3: Describe the consequences of introducing non–native species into an ecosystem and

The Global Collapse Of Fish Species
On November 3, 2006, the New York Times published a front–page article titled, "Study Sees
'Global Collapse ' of Fish Species." Within the article, experts cited that if "fishing around the world
continues at its present pace, more and more species will vanish, marine ecosystems will unravel
and there will be 'global collapse ' of all species currently fished, possibly as soon as midcentury."
(Dean, 2006). The issue of overfishing, which is defined as "continuously taking more fish than can
be replaced by reproduction and growth," (Overfishing: What Everyone Needs to Know, Hilborn 5)
has become prevalent in society today. This is because of the advancements in technology and the
pressure made by food industries for fisheries to catch ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
There is one reason as to how the population of the cod collapsed: overfishing. Before the 1960s, the
cod of Newfoundland had sustained a population where natality and mortality rates (includes natural
death, death by predators, and fishing) were balanced. However, when foreign factory ships
migrated towards Newfoundland, the population of the cod began to drastically increase. In the
1960s, over 30% of foreign ships reported catching over 800,000 tons of cod in a single year. From
that point on, the birth and growth rates of the cod began to decrease. As of result, Canada attempted
to take control of the fishery; unfortunately, it was unable to rebuild the population. Due to this,
Canada was unable to meet it 's target catch in 1991. This caused not only a problem in the food
industry, but for the economy as a whole. Once Crosbie closed the cod fishery, about 20,000 people
became unemployed. This event depicts how overfishing affects the jobs of those who work in the
industry. According to the United States Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO), commercial
fishing employs about 44 million people. If fish populations continue to decline, millions of people
will become unemployed as did those in Newfoundland. This will effect the incomes of families,
thus affecting the economic statuses of countries. Along with those who work as fisherman, those
who work in the food industry are affected as well.

Trove Character Analysis
How to properly build a character in Trove
Have you ever asked a player on Trove what their power rank is and was astonished by their
answer? Then this is how they got where they are and what you will need to get your character or
character up to the desired level.
The first thing you need to do when it comes to becoming a top Trovain player is to look at what
gives the power to you as the player. There are three big things that make up your characters. The
first one is the level of the character. Having a max level thirty character is one of the first things
you need. The second is to keep your eye on your mastery, each level you add to your mastery you
get power rank added to all your characters. Thus, bringing ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
Another key factor you will notice as you are leveling up your character is you are unlocking gem
slots. This is key to the power rank portion of Trove, and that's why you need to be level 30 because
by doing so you will have unlocked all gem slots and allow you to insert the maximum number of
gems onto that character.
After talking about leveling and gems a little I will go in a little deeper in the matter. To make sure
you can get into the desired portals as you level. Your face, hat, and weapon you should be changing
out with the items you pick up from dungeons if it will give you more power rank. Your end gear
type will be called Stellar gear but you will end up having to buy that from another player using the
in–game currency but that will be needed later. So, in the mean time you will focus on what gear
you can find at the end of dungeons. This is also applied to the gems you will get from opening the
gem boxes you receive for completing dungeons. You want to equip the highest power ranked gem
which is commonly received after opening seventy gem boxes.
The prime goal of you leveling and stick on gear is to reach ten thousand power rank and be level
thirty. You should be able to do such by leveling the radiant gems up to level fifteen that you will
find in Uber eight world. Once you get into Uber nine world with your ten thousand power rank
then you will need to change your game play a little on what gems you will equip

Plastic Pollution On The Marine Environment
Effects of Plastic Pollution on the Marine Environment Concern over increasing quantities of marine
microplastic pollution has increased substantially in the last decade, becoming a focus for many
local and national governments, intergovernmental organizations, environmental advocacy groups,
and the private sector. In financial terms, conservative estimates place the harm to marine
ecosystems at $13 billion annually. While the available literature on microplastic pollution impacts
has grown due to this increased interest, research into the subject is at an early stage relative to other
areas of inquiry. Further, research into the effects and sources of microplastic uptake in marine
environments have been largely dependent on laboratory experimental studies, due the technical
difficulties in analyzing microplastics in the field. This paper sets out to describe the ecological
impacts of marine microplastic pollution as they are currently known: the various types of
microplastics and their distinct potentials for environmental harm; the sources of and vectors for
microplastic contamination; known effects on marine organisms; and concludes with a discussion of
legislative/regulatory solutions to date and potential next steps. Overall, neither the direct nor long–
term effects of microplastic pollution in the field are thoroughly understood. The quantity of
microplastics in the ocean is set to continue to increase, largely due to three factors; 1) the large
volume of

Ecology Culminating Research Paper
Ecology Culminating Task
Food Pyramids:
Food Pyramids are pyramid graphs showing the different levels of population, food energy, and
other factors. Some of these pyramids include the Pyramid of Biomass which shows the total
amount of dry mass per trophic level. The trophic level of an organism is the position it occupies in
a food chain. The other pyramids are Pyramid of Numbers, which show how many of the creature
per trophic level and Pyramid of Energy which shows how much total energy is available at each
trophic level. This pyramid cannot be inverted because energy always decreases the higher up you
go. The threats to the Food Pyramids are overhunting animals which can lead to inversion of the
pyramids where the trophic level either ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
When fossil fuels are burnt, the c02 is released into the atmosphere rapidly, and the c02 cycle
doesn't have enough time to get the c02 out of the atmosphere. This c02 traps the heat from coming
out of the atmosphere and creates global warming. Global warming is serious because it melts the
ice cap, removes habitas, raises sea levels and many other negative effects. A good way to stop this
environmental hazard is to use green energy. Instead of burning coal and natural gas, we can use
more wind turbines, hydro–electric dams and other green electricity options. We also need to
research solar panels more, so we can make them more efficiant. If we start to do this, the c02
outtake would be significantly decreased and the world will be a better place to live

Question Set 1_ENVI Essay
ENVS 105 Question Set Section #1 Fall 2014
Answer the following questions for your homework. Work on the questions after we have covered
the topic in class. Bring any questions to class or office hours. These questions will help you on the
exam. If you do not do them, the points will add up and hurt your grade.
To get credit, you must:
Answer all questions
Answer all parts of each question
Type your answers
Do complete and conscientious work
Write out, number, and letter all questions
Use regular font for the questions
Use bold font for your answers
1) Based on the graphic above, which two of the animals listed on the top line would be most
closely related to each other?Grizzly Bear and Black Bear
2) Based on the graphic ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
It protects ecological relations by focusing on entire ecosystems, and it protects genetic diversity by
prioritizing endemic species.
f) Explain the "resource–allocation analysis" approach to prioritizing species for conservation.
Resource–allocation is a process that goes well beyond the selection of hotspots, allowing decision
makers to weigh costs, benefits and the likelihood of success as they decide among different
conservation tactics.
6) Explain how a species place in the Linnaeun Classification system can be used to determine its
evolutionary relationship to other species? Use the species of the order Pilosa to illustrate your
explanation. The classification of species in this order can be found at
http://www.eol.org/pages/1660 Go to this website, on the right side click on the link "see all" right
of "Classification", find the IUCN Red List classification and click on "view in classification".
In the Linnaean classification system, all organisms are placed in a ranked hierarchy. His system
was one of small groups building into larger ones. The current groupings of organisms from largest
to smallest are kingdom, phylum, class, order, family, genus, and species
Order: Pilosa
Family: Bradypodidae

Genus: Bradypus
Species: Bradypus pyqmaeus
7) Explain why temperatures on average become cooler and seasonality becomes greater as one
moves from the equator toward the poles (use a diagram of the orbit of the earth

Trophic Level Essay
To answer question 3, in the typical ecosystem there are usually 4–5 trophic levels, the higher the
level the less energy and less organisms. The first level is made up of autotrophs, made up of plants
and only organisms that create their own energy and nutrients via sunlight. The second level is made
up of 1st order heterotrophs, herbivores only as they feed off of the autotrophs only. The next level
is made of 2nd order heterotrophs, most commonly they are omnivores, feeding off of both
autotrophs and 1st order heterotrophs. The next are 3rd order heterotrophs, most commonly
carnivores choosing to prey upon 1st and 2nd order heterotrophs. These 3rd order heterotrophs
usually conclude the trophic levels in one particular ecosystem but they may have a 4th order
heterotroph either a carnivore or a decomposer. Moving onto the next part of question 3, energy
moves towards predators but ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Some common limiting factors include Predators, resources, and temperature. since only certain
organisms are capable of living in its ecosystem some must adapt. Depending on the amount of
organisms in each area and the type of organism another could die out or expand. this relates to the
relationship but that is not a relationship like mutualism or parasitism, it is most close to predator–
prey relationships because it usually starts out with a certain amount of prey end as it increases so
will the amount of predators. when the number of predators surpasses the amount of prey, prey will
decrease and the amount of predators will also decrease. it will continue on table until perhaps a
natural disaster affects it. It usually goes up and down repeatedly, similarly to a merry–go–round.
the things that affect this are usually large limiting factors such as natural disasters like fire,
droughts, floods, or any density independent limiting factor. the more limiting factors the less

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