Keystone Pipelines Is An Oil Sand Pipeline System

Keystone Pipelines Is An Oil Sand Pipeline System
"The world is looking at us, you've gotta be lowering your greenhouse gas emissions, not
increasing." said Senator Ed Markey about the keystone pipelines. Keystone pipelines is an oil sand
pipeline system, started in June 2010, that runs from Western Canadian Sedimentary Base in Alberta
through refineries in Illinois and Texas and also to oil farms and pipelines in Cushing, Oklahoma.
TransCanada Corporation first proposed the this project on February 9, 2005. However, this existing
pipeline is expected to have 1,700 new miles of pipeline added to it, Keystone XL Pipeline, two new
sections of expansion. This is called the Keystone XL Pipeline Extension and it was proposed on
January 22, 2008. The first new section would connect Cushing, ... Show more content on
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They need to acquire a Presidential Permit through State department in order for the construction to
continue. The Obama administration postpone the decision on the permit because they are uncertain.
Keystone pipelines has been a controversy because even though it's a shovel–ready jobs that would
help thousands of American find work and it will help increase our supply of American energy
(BBC News, 2015), but keystone pipelines are also a catastrophic environmental disaster.
Environmentalists has always wanted people to ease away from fossil fuels and to find and use
renewable sources. By using the developed oil sands, there will be plenty of fossil fuels and the
increasing rates of global warming would not be cured. When President Obama vetoed the pipeline
proposal, people who supported argued that it would create construction jobs and increase the a
supply of reliable energy, lower oil prices and bolster the economy. To build the pipeline on
America's land, it required a permit signed by the President. When the second new section was
proposed, Nebraska homeowners opposed to the project and sued to block the pipeline from being
built. TransCanada has filed for eminent domain for those properties in Nebraska. Eminent domain
is the right of a government to take property for public use with pay of compensation. President
Obama used this reason as a delay to the final decision whether or not he would
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Human Rights, Democracy, And Peace
"In a few decades, the relationship between the environment, resources, and conflict may seem
almost as obvious as the connection we see today between human rights, democracy, and peace
(Nobel Peace Prize Medalist Maathai 2004)." TransCanada, a Canadian company, has high hopes of
beginning to build an oil pipeline that would stretch close to 2,000 miles from Alberta, Canada to
the Gulf Coast of Texas. With the approval of construction, the pipeline, known as the Keystone XL,
would carry one of the world's filthiest fuels; tar sand oil. Tar sands oil alone has levels of carbon
dioxide emissions that are three to four times higher than those of conventional oil, due to more
energy–intensive removal and refining processes (Friends of the ... Show more content on
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The U.S. uses nearly 400 million gallons of oil every day moving people in automobiles, goods on
freight trucks, air travel, also rail and transit. Cars and everyday trucks use nine million barrels of oil
per day alone (Sierra Club Foundation). Oil poses major environmental problems, and the world's
heavy reliance on it for transportation makes it difficult to reduce consumption. Spilled oil can harm
living things because its chemical components are poisonous. This can affect organisms both from
internal exposure to oil through ingestion or inhalation and from external exposure through skin and
eye irritation. Oil can also smother some small species of fish or invertebrates and coat feathers and
fur, reducing birds ' and mammals ' ability to maintain their body temperatures. The short–term
threat from heavy oils, like tar sand oil, comes from their ability to smother organisms whereas over
the long–term, some long–lasting health effects like tumors may result in some organisms (Office of
Response and Restoration). If animals like birds and otters become drenched in heavy oil, they lose
the ability to keep themselves warm and eventually die. The Keystone XL supporters exhaust the
idea that constructing of the Keystone will create thousands of jobs. While that is partially true, the
numbers are exaggerated and unemployment will only raise half of what supporters

Oil Sand in Alberta
Alberta is a province that is rich and abundant in natural resources such as oil sands. What are oil
sands? Oil reserves play a very important role in the Canadian economy. Oil sands from areas such
as Alberta have been described as "Canadians greatest buried energy treasure" by popular magazines
such as Time magazine. Oil sands are a naturally existing mixture of sand, clay and other materials
such as water and bitumen. Some materials in oil sands including bitumen are highly viscous that
they need to be treated and refined before they can be used by industrial sites in order to produce
fuels such as gasoline. Oil sands can be refined to make oil. There are approximately 170.4 billion
barrels of oil that can be used in the Northern part of Alberta. Approximately 80% of the oil sands
can be recovered through the In–situ production. 20% of the 80% is oil that can be recovered and
purified by mining. Bitumen, a highly viscous material in oil sands is found by mining 90% of the
time. While oil sands have a positive effect on us, it has a very negative effect on the environment.
Oil sands have a very negative effect on aquatic ecosystems all around the world. Oil sands use up a
lot of the water and energy. At present, two to five barrels of natural and recycled water are needed
for every barrel of oil produced for mining. Oil sand project affect the natural aquatic ecosystems.
Some of the negative effects oil sands have on aquatic ecosystems are that sometimes oil sands

Social Responsibility in the development of Alberta's Oil...
Introduction:
The oil sands development in northern Alberta has become a hot bed for debate between producers
and environmental groups. With worldwide water crisis rapidly developing the use of water in the
development Alberta's oil sands begs the question, are the oil sands in northern Alberta being
developed with social responsibility in mind? Social responsibility is a balance companies must
maintain between people, the planet and profit. Propaganda produced by environmental agencies
and oil companies must be examined for biases; environmentalists seem to blame all of Canada's
environmental ailments on "evil" oil companies (Thompson, 2012).
Stakeholders Affected: With so many people involved with the development of Alberta's oil ... Show
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Government has been working closely with industry for years, which is also a key factor in
developing the oil sands in a socially responsible way. Most major oil companies are involved with
initiatives like Water for Life Strategy, Alberta Water Council and Petroleum Technology Alliance
Canada (CAPP, 2012). Alberta's oil sands are being developed with social responsibility in mind.
Dr. Lorne Taylor (2012, p. 3), the chair of the Alberta Water Research Institute, states,
"Organizations like Greenpeace and the Sierra Club are convincing Canadians and the world that
Alberta's oil sands are a scourge on the environment". Environmental groups and the media are
unfortunately shedding a poor light on the development of the oil sands in northern Alberta. Bob
Weinhold (2011, pg. 119), a veteran environmental journalist, states "the Royal Society of Canada
(RSC) panel found no evidence that people are currently being harmed by oil sands activity". Both
the environmentalist side and the oil sands producer's side must be evaluated with an objective mind
as each contains truths as well as embellishments. Taylor (2009, pg. 2) argues that a major
misconception is "the province, people and industry of Alberta

Athabasca Oil Sands: A Case Study
Introduction
The Athabasca oil sands are the second largest producer of crude oil in the world, with a surface area
of approximately 100 000 square kilometres (Anderson, Giesy & Wiseman, 2010). The Alberta
Energy and Utilities Board estimates that the oil sands contains approximately 1.7 trillion barrels of
crude bitumen, however only 19% can be ultimately recovered (Raynolds, Severson–Baker &
Woynillowicz, 2005; Humphries, 2008). The availability of recoverable bitumen makes Canada's oil
sands deposit larger even than that of Saudi Arabia (Czarnecki, Hamza, Masliyah, Xu & Zhou,
2004).The process of surface and in situ mining of the Athabasca oil sands is causing rapid and
significant degradation of the regional environment surrounding ... Show more content on
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The steam acts as a separating agent to isolate the bitumen from the other constituents (Anderson et
al., 2010). Bitumen that is extracted by in situ processes is upgraded into more valuable synthetic
crude and then refined into fuel for gasoline or diesel. The remaining bitumen is directly processed
as raw (Bergenson, Charpentier, & MacLean, 2009).
Water Resources and the Athabasca River
The mining processes of the Athabasca oil sands directly affect water resources surrounding the
mining pits, specifically the Athabasca River and its tributaries. Water use has been identified by the
Alberta Chamber of Resources as a top four challenge of oil sands mining processes (Raynolds et
al., 2005). The extraction of bitumen requires freshwater in large quantities, on a scale of 2–4 barrels
of water for every barrel of oil produced (Anderson et al., 2010).
Tailings is what becomes of the water used in the extraction of oil. It is a slurry of bitumen, water,
sand, silt and clay particles. Tailings ponds, which are actually man–made structures, take up more
than 50 square kilometres of land in northern Alberta (Raynolds et al., 2005). The water that is used
in the extraction of oil separates from the other constituents in tailings ponds as the sediments settle
on the bottom, and is pumped back to the extraction plant to be reused. Tailings ponds present
environmental risks to freshwater resources due to the

Oil Sands Case Study
Canada has the world's third largest oil proved reserves, 96% of which are in the oil sands [1*]. In
the recent years, oil sands has held a significant role in the Canadian economy and energy security
due to pioneering movements and emerging technologies in this industry [2, 3]. However, the oil
industry, with its history of booms and busts [4], is currently in its worst economic standing since
1990s. The recent drop in oil prices in the global market has directly affected the energy sectors and
highly influenced different industries. Despite the increasing global oil demand [5], Canadian oil has
been trading at a discounted value to compete with other conventional oil producers in the market
[6, 7]. The position of oil sands in the energy market ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
As a result, there is a need to thoroughly investigate the current and future feasibility of oil sands'
production and transportation not only in Canada but also around the world.
There is a high level of uncertainty and volatility involved in energy markets [11, 12], the
interactions of which with energy price and emissions regulations are significant. To address these
uncertainties and investigate their impacts on the role of oil sands, a global dynamic energy market
is proposed. This model aims at studying the behavior of different energy sources (including oil
sands) in competition with each other in the planning horizon. In this model, uncertain parameters
(i.e., energy demand, regional prices, regulations, and innovations) are forecasted and inputted into
the model and the behavior of oil sands industry (i.e., in terms of production level) in competition
with alternative energy sources (i.e., conventional fossil fuels, renewables, etc.) is determined. To
develop this model, several tools and techniques are applied, the combination of which has not been
thoroughly considered in the literature.

How Do Oil Sands Affect Canada
There is a huge debate if the oil sands of canada are affecting canada positively or negatively.The
social and community improvements are a result of the oil sands in alberta. The economic benefits
are another positive that the oil sands bring. Finally the direct and indirect jobs created in the oil
sands are a huge benefit to canada. The oil sands are one of the best things that happened to canada.
The social community improvements of alberta as a result of the oil sands. The albertan government
committed around 2.5 billion dollars in fixing up the communities of alberta as a result of the oil
sands making so much money(Alberta government,march 15 2013). Some examples of this are the 1
billion in road projects, 241 million in building new neighbourhoods, and 103 million in wastewater
treatment and to improve the old ones(Alberta government,march 15 2013). Air is rated good 99%
of the time, drinking water consistently meets the the guidelines for canadian drinking water(Alberta
government,march 15 2013). Which means the quality of life is good in the oilsands region. In
conclusion the oil sands affect the communities of that region positively, by bringing in enough
money to make improvements to the infrastructure. ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Every dollar invested makes about $7.50 worth of economic activity and one third of this activity
occurs in the rest of canada(Alberta government,march 15 2013). In 10 years about 116 billion was
invested into the oil sands, which means that the oil sands don't only make money from extracting
the oil(Alberta government,march 15 2013). In conclusion the alberta oil sands make canada a lot of
money and raise the

Essay On The Development Of The Albertan Oil Sands
Canada's oil sands are among the largest oil reserves in the word. This is evident from the fact that
Canada is ranked third for the largest oil reserve in the world, after Venezuela and Saudi Arabia
("Oil Sands," n.d.). "Oil sand", is a naturally occurring mixture of sand, clay, water and bitumen
(Gosselin et al., 2010). It is a very dense and extremely viscous oil that must be treated before it can
be used to produce usable fuels such as gasoline and diesel (Gosselin et al., 2010). In North
America, high oil prices, growing demand, and diminishing oil reserves results in greater interest to
mine local oil reserves. Increased production of oil generates significant economic benefits but, at
the same time, the development of the oil sands ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
This will in turn, result in a greater greenhouse gas effect and contribute significantly more to
climate change. Canada will not be able to meet green emission standards and will rather be
contributing more to global climate change than trying to reduce it.
Along with greenhouse gases, other pollutants are released into the air during oil sands operations.
These pollutants are harmful to ambient air quality and human health. In the Alberta oil sands,
regional air quality is mainly impacted by the production of nitrogen dioxide and nitric oxide (NOx
gases) ("Air Emissions," 2015). NOx gases are primarily produced by fuel combustion in vehicles
and react to form smog and acid rain (NOx gases in diesel car," 2015). Consequently, these gases
project a concern to the workers present that are mining the oil sands. This is because NOx gases
overtime can lead to reduced lung function and breathing problems (NOx gases in diesel car," 2015).
Finally, these gases pose a threat to local wildlife and vegetation since they react to form acid rain in
the atmosphere. The production of acid rain is harmful for the ecosystems present. This is especially
true for aquatic ecosystems and overtime will lead to death of local wildlife. To conclude, the
development of the oil sands is unfavorable due to the production of harmful gases. The
development impacts global climate negatively due to increased greenhouse gas

Oil Sands in Canada
This affects local population settlements along the banks. The production of the oil sands is a human
rights issue as it effects local drinking water , an environmental issue with the destruction of local
wildlife and an first nations people issue. By and large the general public in Canada and the United
States do not know what is going on in northern Alberta. The public still does not fully comprehend
how First Nations communities are the most negatively affected. First Nation Canadians live very
close to the oil sands , mostly along the Athabasca River basin area. These are the First Nations
communities of Fort McMurray, Fort Chipewyan and Fort McKay. The oil sand production plants
around Fort McMurray and Fort McKay are located north along the Athabasca river . Currently oil
sands production and storage of toxic waste has completely changed the Athabasca river and
surrounding wetlands. This production and storage has caused de–forestation , toxic contamination
of rivers and wetlands and disruption of wild life habitats. These changes to the environment have
disturbed the way of life that people in these communities grew up on , currently the levels of
mercury and lead in the Athabasca river are high enough that residents will not eat the fish in the
river.
For the last seven years Canada has become the top provider for oil to the united states edging out
Saudi Arabia, its this need to produce oil on a large capacity that is fuelling the destruction of the
surrounding

Oil Sands Essay
Canada has always had extensive deposits of oil sands, and has been a fascination to the explorers
and settlers of earliest Canada, when Europeans saw how First Nations people used it to water proof
their birch bark canoes. That being said, the majority of oil sands in Canada are contained in
Alberta. Alberta's oil reserves play an important role in the Canadian and global economy, supplying
stable, reliable energy to the world. Alberta 's oil sands have been described by Time Magazine as
"Canada 's greatest buried energy treasure." (Alberta) Oil sand is a naturally occurring mixture of
sand, clay or other minerals, water and bitumen, which is a heavy and extremely viscous oil that
must be treated before it can be used by refineries to ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The process of making synthetic crude oil requires an enormous amount of water, especially in the
separation process. Each barrel of oil requires two tons of oil sands and up to five barrels of hot
water. Water is also needed along with electricity to convert it steam. The steam is pushed by steam
injections making bitumen less viscous. It is quite evident that oil sands are not practical in terms of
its process. Also three–quarters of the bitumen can be recovered from the sands, leaving behind 25%
as waste. With the technology in our present society, oil sands are not entirely practical in terms of
efficiency; however, in the future, this may change. To reflect, there are many disadvantages
associated with oil sands, especially in the way it is processed. As the issue of global warming
becomes more prevalent, we must evaluate choices that are "green" or do not impact our
environment in a negative way. Thus, the impacts of oil sands as an energy resource on the
environment will be discussed. The Canadian and Global environment take the hardest hits from the
tar sands. Depleting and contaminating water, air pollution, processed lands and tailing ponds are
left barren with their geology disrupted, and take years to generate new life. Wildlife patterns and
populations are disturbed, and greenhouse gases are emitted at an incredible rate, to accompany the
huge expense of natural gases. The oil sands do not just produce

The Cold Heavy Oil Production With Sand
A methodology has been developed for making low compressive strength cores that will be used to
experimentally examine the Cold Heavy Oil Production with Sand (CHOPS) process occurring in
unconsolidated oil reservoirs. The main objective is to experimentally model wormhole (high
permeability channel) development during CHOPS and investigate the effect of various flow
parameters such as core permeability and porosity, compressive strength, oil/water viscosity
contrast, confining pressure and injection rate. Modeling the wormhole development and
propagation will enable us be able to developing approximate Inflow Performance Relationship
(IPR) curves.
Sands blends have been developed by varying the ratios of aggregate, cementing material and water
to prepare synthetic cores of compressive strength, permeability and porosity ranging from 500 –
1500 psi, 0.5 – 1.5 Darcy and 20 – 30% respectively. Experimental setup is developed to simulate
wormhole propagation during CHOPS process. In this process water is injected at varying range of
0.1 to 10 ml/min using a syringe pump into floating piston accumulator to drive the oil ahead of
piston to 2"x 4"synthetic core in core holder at a confining pressure of 500 – 1500 psi. The
differential pressure across the core is monitored throughout the process. LabVIEW is used for data
acquisition, instrument control, measurement analysis and data presentation.
Compressive strength test, Air Permeability Test and Porosity Test conducted on

Oil Sand Meaning
The literal meaning of this statement is Alberta contains more than expected amounts of oil sands,
which the world is unaware of. The oil sands make up most of what Alberta is today; however, only
a little bit about how much oil sand Alberta has is shown to the outsiders. But, there is extra oil
beneath the surface of the land than what the audience expects. Notley states "There is always more
than you suspect beneath the surface" (3). The intended response towards the literal meaning of this
statement is that the audience would become very informed since the speaker provides information.
From the reference to the statement, readers learn that there is more oil than what they suspected in
the beginning. The metaphorical meaning

Oil Sand Industry Analysis
Almost every Canadian residing within this province could visibly see the relationship between our
economy and the energy industry, specifically the oil sands. The growth of this province is mainly
correlated with the development that we have seen with the Alberta oil sand operations. As the oil
prices rise during the bull cycle, the province becomes prosperous, providing jobs, opportunities,
and funding for a variety of social programs. However, as the oil prices tumble during the bust
cycle, we start to see how intertwined our economy really is with the energy industry. The oil sands
is an economic driver that not only provides direct jobs for many, but in addition provides many
indirect jobs as well. Revenue from the sale of oil has assisted in the development and continued
funding for many infrastructure projects and social programs not only for the province of Alberta,
but for the rest of the Canadian provinces as well. Simply stated, we are largely dependent on the oil
sands to drive our local economy. ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The operation and refining processes alongside transportation of the refined oil pose a significant
risk to the environment. From the digging and excavating that occurs up north, to the refineries that
refine the oil sand, to the pipelines that transport our oil, we are harming the environment. Tailing
ponds, carbon emissions, destroying of wildlife habitat and oil spills are just a few of the many large
issues that plague our oil sands industry. We essentially place our blind faith in the oil companies
that reside within our province to reduce and possibly eliminate the impact that the oil sands have on
the

South Alberta Oil Sands Case Study
Examining the impact of oil sands expansion on northern Alberta's First Nations
Background
The Canadian province of Alberta is home to one of the world's largest unconventional oil reserves –
a roughly 140,000 km² area covered by a combination of boreal forest and peatland. Bitumen, the
substance comprising these reserves, is a particularly resource intensive and environmentally
destructive fuel source to extract, requiring significant amounts of water and often strip–mined land
(Huseman & Short, 2012). Now referred to by many as the Athabasca oil sands, the area has
traditionally inhabited by a number of Canada's First Nations (FN) groups. These rich hunting,
fishing, and gathering grounds in northern Alberta have sustained FN groups for ... Show more
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A number of layers could be created to distinguish between land reserved exclusively for FN groups,
Federal land that can be leased to companies for the purpose of resource extraction, and land that FN
have varying degrees of access and use rights to but no sovereignty over. This step would create a
spatial representation of the different types of land–use as provided by the treaties that can be
utilized in the next stage of research to compare the legal framework with on the ground reality.
Quality information on treaty rights in Alberta can be found through the Canadian government's
Aboriginal and Treaty Rights Information System, accessible at https://www.aadnc–
aandc.gc.ca/eng/1100100014686/1100100014687. To ensure that FN are included in the process, I
would identify and reach out to key contacts listed on the Alberta government's Aboriginal Relations
site – contacts are arranged by treaty and respective First Nations

Alberta Oil Sands Case Study
The Alberta Oil Sands have affected many stakeholder groups such as government, residents,
researchers and employees. However, we will focus on how it affects the Alberta Government;
specifically, Ed Stlemech of the Conservative Government. As my stake holder, Ed Stlemech does
not live within the Alberta Oil Sands area as well as have any direct relevance to it, I will instead
examine how it has affects the citizens of Alberta and more importantly, those who live in and near
the Fort Chipewyan area. In this way, the environmental, the economical as well as the societal
impacts will impact Albertan voters and therefore impact the Conservative Government in way of
the Alberta General Election.
Due to intensive refining processes of Alberta's ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
This 1.4 trillion–dollar industry has been able to benefit Albertans. To elaborate, Alberta's upstream
energy sector, which mainly includes the oil sands, conventional oil as well as gas and mining has
provided 133,053 jobs for Alberta residents, according to Statistics Canada. As well, having the third
largest oil reserves in the world, Canada is able to use the oil reserves as a trading asset, as it is
currently providing 1.4 million barrels of oil to the USA everyday, which is equivalent to $49.7
million at current stock prices. As well, $52 billion dollars in royalty were accounted for during
2013–14. In this way, the oil sands industry provides jobs, billions of dollars in royalties and boosts
national income and prosperity through the trading of this resource. This affects my stakeholder
since this would give Ed Stlemech a healthy financial resume/profile to an otherwise terrible
environmental and societal resume while he was Alberta's

Alberta Oil Sand Research Paper
The world's energy consumption continues to increase and oil satisfies about a third of this
requirement. Alberta oil sands is the 3rd largest known reserve behind Venezuela and Saudi Arabia,
first and second respectively. With growing global demands and that of our neighbour, America,
who imports 37% of their consumption from Canadian oil, the oil sands is the logical next–step in
economic development. Developing the Alberta oil deposits has its inherent risks including both
environmental and the wellbeing of land creatures including humans, but it's not the first time
humankind traded the environment and wellbeing for development. Nuclear power have shown to
be devastating yet we still need it because current technology in clean energy is ... Show more
content on Helpwriting.net ...
The current technology in it's infant stage isn't capable of clearing the blockage to clean sustainable
energy. According to a study by University of California, it is estimated that it will take 131 years to
replace gasoline and diesel fuel which leave 90 years energy gap between end of conventional oil
and alternative energy. Even if we start aggressively replacing biofuel, it will take much longer than
the expected 30 to 40 years of known oil left so it is reasonable to conclude that it's unlikely we will
stop drilling and mining for oil even with all its known environmental and health risks. We can't stop
drilling but we can try to minimize the cost to our environment and our health through technological
innovations but it will required great pressure from the people. We can't rely economic forces to
drive for innovation in energy because economic forces don't account for 20 or 30 years ahead or
any environmental factors; it simply cares only for short term profits. As long as oil remains
relatively low, it will be business as usual because unless alternative energy can competitive in the
market, it's advancement and breakthrough will not occur. Biofuel have the potential to replace some
of our fuel needs but replacing fields for fuel crops is challenge to our food supplies especially the
future food crisis is an equally challenging problem in itself.

Oil Sands Research Paper
Canada has the third largest oil sand deposit in the world, following Saudi Arabia and Venezuela.
Oil sands are not only a crucial part of today's energy production, but they also greatly impact the
politics and economy of a country. However, the oil sands take a large toll on the environment.
While this massive carbon footprint can be decreased and possibly eradicated with laws and
regulations, the current environmental impact is troubling. Many argue that further expansion of the
oil sands will have an additional impact on the environment, therefore creating a larger carbon
footprint and increasing the effects of global warming. Another aspect that is often brought up in the
debate of the oil sands is their economic benefit and the impact ... Show more content on
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researchers say, describes why Canada should stop the expansion of the oil sands. The CBC's article
is based upon information formed by a panel of biologists, political scientists, physicists, economists
and geographers. The group came to the conclusion that the oil sands expansion needs to end,
though they did not call for completely halting Canada's oil sands operations. The following is a
scientific explanation as to why expansion needs to end according to the CBC, "No new oil sands or
related infrastructure projects should proceed unless consistent with an implemented plan to rapidly
reduce carbon pollution, safeguard biodiversity, protect human health, and respect treaty rights". The
article goes even further by bringing up the fact that Canada's previous prime minister, Stephen
Harper, agreed that by 2100, Canada will stop the use of all fossil fuels, and therefore expansion of
the oil sands will be a waste of money seeing as they will no longer be prevalent in eighty years
time. Furthermore, this article does not bring up or dismiss arguments supporting the expansion of
oil sands, rather as the article progresses, it becomes less distinctive as to what the argument actually
is. Therefore, though the sources and opinions of this article are presented without bias, they are not
as consistent and less powerful than the arguments presented by the Globe and

Oil Sands In Canada
There are two methods in which oil is extracted from the ground in the Alberta oil sands, open pit
and in–situ. Open pit requires large quantities of dirt to be scraped from the ground which is the
fastest way to extract shallow oil sands reserves. In–situ method employs the use of steam to loosen
the oil from the ground and then suck it to the surface, it is effective for deep oil sands mining. The
oil sands generate an incredible amount of revenue which affect the world, the country, and
Albertans. The Alberta oil sands are an important part of the global and national economy and are a
real driving force. This valuable asset does not come without a cost. Mining causes great damage to
the environment through large emissions it contributes ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
According to Bloomberg Professional, "... 71% of the ownership of oilsands production [is] foreign,
while the foreign–based companies controlled 24.2% of the sector's production" (as cited in De
Souza). This research goes to suggest that foreign entities have more control over the oil sands than
Canada itself has. For example, through this research it has been discovered that "[s]ome notably
Canadian oil companies, such as Suncor, Canadian Oil Sands and Husky, are predominantly owned
by non–Canadians.[...]The data also shows us that more than half of Canada's oil and gas revenue
goes to foreign entities."(Bloomberg Professional as cited in De Souza). Countries like China and
the United States are large players in what happens in the oil sands. Hundreds of thousands of
barrels of oil a day are exported to the United States every day to be refined. Many jobs are made
through transport of the oil down into the United States, then the actual refining, as well as many
other spinoff jobs in the United States. Canadian producers look to the United States for all sorts of
services that the United States can provide. The United States most likely benefits the greatest from
the Alberta Oil Sands, but obviously many of the countries in the world also benefit a substantial
amount from the production of oil in Alberta (CAPP). China is a good example as they invested 11.7
billion dollars into the oil sands between 2007 and 2011 of the 73.6 billion invested (OilSands
Review as cited in Bloomberg Professional as cited in De Souza). The oil sands reaches far into the
the world and is a big player in the world

Keg River Essay
The term Keg River has been historically used within Alberta to indentify early to middle Devonian
carbonate reef type structures within the Alberta Basin. Nomenclature problems were identified by
Schneider (2011) with commonly interchangeable terminology that began in the 1930s, including
Upper Elk Point formations such as the Winnipegosis, Keg River and Methy.
Sproule (in Ells, 1932) described the Keg River from outcrops along the Clearwater River, near Fort
McMurray in the 1930s. Sproule described the carbonate sequence as a "thin–bedded, alternating
limestone and shale, progressing to an argillaceous limestone under a massive dolostone."
The "Methy Formation" was first published in research from Nauss (1950), currently used as the ...
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Corrigan (1975) divided the Keg River into two units; the lower unit "The Platform" consisting of
uniform thickness over a large regionally area; and the second unit as an aerially restricted
"Buildup" consisting of reef mounds deposited on the top of the lower platform unit. He described
the Keg River Formation to contain halite, anhydrite and carbonate.
Campbell (1987) defined the Keg River Formation as an open marine carbonate with an upward
shoaling character marking the beginning of the Lower Elk Point Group (Lower Keg River
Member).
This Lower Keg River member was initiated by a rapid increase in sea level elevation flooding the
salt plains of the Contact Rapids. Campbell (1987) described the Lower member of a dark micritic
limestone, in a somewhat "euxinic" environment, containing bitumen and fauna such as
brachiopods, crinoids, corals, stromatoporoids and gastropods. The unit can be locally dolomitized
with a maximum thickness of approximately 50m. The Upper Keg River member was deposited
during the restriction of marine waters by the Presqu'ile Barrier reef into the Elk Point Basin
(Campbell, 1987). The interior of the basin contains Upper Keg River pinnacle reefs, banks and
platforms. Campbell (1987) noted the spatial differences in the type of carbonate deposition within
sub–basins; areas from the Peace River Arch to southern Alberta show a fringing carbonate
platform, while the Rainbow, Zama and Shekelie basins contained the majority of the

Pollution on the Canadian Oil Sands: An Environmental Problem
I. The environmental problem that I am studying is pollution on the Canadian oil sands. According
to industry sources, this is the largest single oil deposit in the world at an estimated 1.7 to 2.5 trillion
barrels (
The oil sands are in the north of the country, in sparsely–populated areas, and have come to
prominence recently for a couple of issues. The first is the plan to build the Keystone pipeline to get
oil from the oil sands to Texas and the second is the environmental devastation caused by the
extraction of this oil, including the pollution of river basins downstream (DeSouza, 2011). A lot of
the local controversy about the Keystone Pipeline was about the pollution that the oil sands are
causing and that building Keystone would make the United States culpable in this problem.
II. The problem exists in northern Alberta, where large deposits of oil exist. The oil is costly to
extract, but high prices have made this process viable in recent years. The environmental problems
are created during the extraction process. The oil is removed from the sands by mixing it with hot
water, skimming off the bitumen, and then centrifuging the bitumen (Oil Sands Centre, 2009). This
process is energy–intensive, and byproducts end up in the atmosphere or in tailing ponds that
threaten the local watershed. Sulfur dioxide in particular is a major pollutant that results from the
process and causes acid rain. Nitrogen oxide and volatile organic compounds are also created in the

Oil Sands
In this essay I will use the social issue of oil sands and its impact on climate change to critically
compare the social order and class struggle perspectives in social theory. To examine the social order
perspective, I will use the theories of Robert Merton and Harold Garfinkel. For the class perspective
theory, I will use the theories of Pierre Bourdieu and Immanuel Wallenstein. The social order
perspective explains the social issue of climate change in terms of how the social structures of the
economy enforce and produce the ways in which people discuss climate change. Its main strength is
that it identifies how the economy is able to shape discussions and create a sense of order around the
opposing conflict of interest between the economy ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Merton's theory derives from the fundamentalist perspective in which he defines manifest functions
as the easily recognizable and intended outcomes, whereas latent functions are unintended. Merton
argues the distinction between manifest and latent functions has significant value and that both
functions need to be recognized as an approach to explaining any social phenomena (Powell 2017:
Feb 15). Latent functions are not necessarily the anticipated outcome, however a closer examination
of this function can lead to a better understanding of a social relation or patterns observed (Longofer
& Winchester, 2016). For instance, in applying the social issue of climate change to Merton's
manifest and latent theory, it is clear the manifest function of oil sands is for refineries to extract the
oil to produce fuel (energy source). As a result of increased reliance on oil sands as fuel, the process
of refining oil and clearing land to extract the oil from these oil sands, releases tons of pollution into
the atmosphere, creating the phenomena known as climate change. The perceived function of oil
sands is not to harmful to the environment, however; it becomes the negative consequence of the
objective. Although the manifest function does not recognize that the use of oil sands leads to an
increased threat of the environment, the latent function is able to identify the relationship. This latent
function leads to the reexamination of the use of oil sand and how our society collectively moves on
about making informed decisions regarding both the production and the rate at which we use

The Pros And Cons Of The Alberta Oil Sands
Have you ever thought about if the Alberta Oil Sands are an economic and environmentally
sufficient enough that we should still utilize the resource of oil? The Alberta Oil Sands also known
as the tar sands were first mined in 1967 and ever since they have done a great deal to Alberta's
economic stability. The issue is that all good things have a bad side as well. Some main
disadvantages to the oil sands is that natural habitats get destroyed, creates greenhouse gas
emissions which are harmful to humans and the environment and the issue of is it more
environmentally friendly to use another source for energy such as methane?
The Oil Sands of Alberta is an enriched area of oil that Canada utilizes for economic stability. One
main aspect of being ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Some pros of the oils sands are they made Canada the biggest supplier of oil to the US which
allowed for the beginning of a fruitful economic partnership. The oil sands are also a stable source
of energy due to the oil sands being the second largest site in the world. Alberta has flourished due
to the oils sands which creates thousands of jobs for locals. On the downside there are also cons to
every project. Some disadvantages to the oils sands are since the oil is so deep underground; the
process of extraction is very carbon intense which creates more greenhouse gas. Thousands of bird
species have a loss of their breeding grounds due to the fact that the mining operation is located
where the breeding ground used to be. As of right now and our rate of consumption of oil we have
approximately only 40 years worth of oil left. Some people say that we rely on the oils sands too
much and eventually we will have to find a new source of energy. I say, for now it's fair to say that
we will have an issue in the future about energy but for as of now it is not a huge problem. In my
opinion, the pros outweigh the cons on the sole fact that we have this resource at our disposal and
we might as well take advantage of what God has given us. From what I understand is that we are
also reconstructing the landscape once we are finished with the sites so the native species will be
able to inhabit the area once

Oil Sand Research Paper
Summary
Oil Sand: The sand industry in Alberta is the biggest project in the today world. The oil sand is a
naturally occurring mixture of sand, water, clay and another kind of natural resources and bitumen.
Bitumen is heavy and extremely sticky oil that must be treated before it can be used to create usable
fuels such as petroleum, gasoline and diesel. Alberta oil reserves play an important role in the
Canadian as well as the global economy, supplying stable and reliable energy to the world. Alberta
provides cheaper oil to Canada but gains profit by shipping to the United States. Moreover, oil sands
development benefits all Canadian through employment opportunities and it brings significant
economic and social benefits for local communities ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
I would like to share my viewpoint besides this industry does have environmental side effects; we
cannot overlook a number of jobs this industry is providing to the job seeker. According to
environment journalists, oil refineries emit a lot of greenhouse gasses, but this scenario is also
covered up with the requirement to develop further on research and development of many eco–
friendly techniques for the extraction of oil from the mining.
Even, the government should establish laws and regulations to deal with the problem of greenhouse
effects. They should plant the more plants and even grow double the number they chop down to
establish the industry. As this provides more revenues for the federal government, even the
government should play a vital role to sustain the ecological balance between environment and
industry. Federal should introduce new land laws for the security of locals and proper exchange
transactions

The Keystone Xl Pipeline Is A Proposed Expansion Of The...
The Keystone XL pipeline is a proposed expansion of the current Keystone pipeline that would
cover over 1,700 miles from Alberta, Canada to the Gulf Coast of Texas. The purpose of the pipeline
is for the transport of extracted tar sands from Canada to the Gulf Coast refineries and ports for
export. The proposed pipeline would cross 1,073 rivers, lakes, streams, and the Ogallala aquifer. The
Ogallala aquifer is one of the largest in the world. It provides two million people with drinking
water and more than a quarter of America's agriculture with water for irrigation. There would be a
large ecological impact, affecting communities and destroying habitats. Building Keystone XL
would add 27.4 million metric tons of carbon pollution to the atmosphere per year, adding to the
global climate change dilemma. Aside from the damage as a result of constructing the pipeline, oil
spills cause contamination and are costly to cleanup. The company proposing the expansion,
TransCanada, has stated that thousands of jobs would be created. In fact the project would only
create thirty five permanent jobs with the remainder consisting of temporary or contract work ("Stop
Keystone," n.d.). The production of tar sands oil produces emissions that are three to four times
higher than conventional oil. This is in part due to the large amount of energy required in the
extraction and refining of the oil. Large quantities of heat, water, and chemicals are used to separate
bitumen from sand, silt, and

Alberta Oil Sands
The Canadian "Alberta Oil Sands" are the third largest oil reserves in the world and has an
investment value of over $27 billion. Over 100,000 employment opportunities are generated as a
result of the oil sands and it leads to a production rate of approximately 2.3 million barrels per day.
One of the largest controversies in Canadian politics is whether to oust the oil sands production or
expand it. However between the two articles, "Why Canada needs to develop the oil sands" by
Konrad Yakabuski and the article "Stop oilsands expansion, Canadian and U.S. researchers say" by
CBC News, the debate is whether to expand the reserves or remain the same. After analysing the
two articles it is evident that the author Konrad Yakabuski wrote his article ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
The article, "Stop oilsands expansion, Canadian and U.S. researchers say" by CBC News is a
convincing model of how Canada should progress with the oil sands in the future due to the
credibility of the arguments. As stated in the article, "The answer isn't a moratorium, but even more
spending on research to mitigate the industry's impacts" . All in all, the article was convincing as the
analysts show maturity and a sense of realism to understand that the Canadian economy needs the
oil sands so expansion may be harmful, but a moratorium is out of the

Polychlorinated Biphenyls Essay
Introduction: I will expound on my point of view in environmentalist interest group to discuss the
causes and effects of a high convergence of Polychlorinated Biphenyls in the Kalamazoo River and
afterward discuss how to deal with the issue and give my own proposals and concentrate on one to
two of my own recommendations completely.
On July 25, 2010 Enbridge Energy's Alberta tar sands pipeline burst close Marshall, Michigan,
spilling an expected 800,000 gallons of poisonous substantial unrefined petroleum into the
Kalamazoo River. Enbridge's Kalamazoo fiasco was North America's most exceedingly bad and
most costly inland oil spill catastrophe. The Enbridge pipeline that cracked in Michigan conveyed
grimy tar sands oil from Ontario. ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
( Hartig 1998)
Emphasize that the contamination of any water or soil asset from critical measures of chemicals,
particularly oil and poisonous metals, regardless of whether the asset is an aquifer, a waterway, a
lowland, a wild rice bed or a lake, despite what is said in the purposeful publicity battles that are
slyly created from the blameworthy mining, vitality or oil organizations whose defective innovation
can be capable. Oil based commodities and overwhelming metals are both equipped for gliding on,
blending with or sinking underneath the water therefore streaming a long way past the mouth of the
stream, connecting to the shoreline or potentially sinking into the slop at the base.
Point of View:
The water, soil and air in the range where mechanical spills happen can be required to stay
contaminated always, similarly as the dangerous metals found in coal powder tailings lakes and
coal–let go plants can decimate groups as their lethal ooze and smoke harm the downstream and
downwind condition. There are few places on earth that are not downwind or downstream from
some dangerous industry. Rustic, non–horticultural, northern Minnesota is relatively sheltered, yet it
may not be for long. It relies upon in the case

Oil Sand Industry In Canada
One of the major contributors to both our economy and the environment is the tar sand industry, and
yet there are not that many Canadians who are aware of the problems and benefits that this industry
brings to our country. Every day we are destroying our nature and environment because of the
economy benefits that the oil sands bring to our country. Canada is the parent of one of the major oil
sands operations in the whole World. To be more specific, its located mainly in the province of
Alberta, and it is started in 1967. Alberta has the third largest oil sand reserves in the world, and
there is approximately around 168 billion barrels of oil located under the lands of Alberta (Alberta
Energy). Oil sand is a type of dense oil that is mixed ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Everything that is going on in Canada depends on our economy, such as the inflation rates, the
unemployment, living expense and etc. Economy is one of the most important factors that affects the
lives of people because people's investments, jobs and the quality of their lives depends on the
economy. If the economy crashes, lots of people will lose their jobs and the quality of their lives will
decrease day by day. Tar sands operation generates a lot of money for Canada and it is one of the
main contributors to the economy. The government is getting lots of money from the companies that
are in control of these operations. Those companies have to pay a lot of taxes and royalties to the
government and beside that they have to pay for leasing the government lands that they are currently
using. According to a research that was done by IHS, the government received around the 28 billion
dollars from the tax and the royalties that they got from the oil sand companies in 2012. Also IHS
indicates that 6% of the federal government income which is around 15 billion dollar is from the tar
sand productions. So, The tar sand operations is a good source of income for the government and
that means that the Canadian government has lots of more money to spend on the areas that need
improving in our country. Since the money that the government receives is spend on the every parts
of Canada, it doesn't only affect

Canada´s Oil Sands Essay
Introduction
The statement 'Canada oil sands are much more of a blessing rather than a curse' is not true because
the disadvantages of oil sands outweigh the advantages. For this reason, this paper aims at indicating
points against the statement. To understand the defects of oil sand exploration in Canada, one has to
delve into the explanation of what oil sands are as well as how the entire process of mining and
refining and thereafter, determine the disadvantages based on socioeconomic factors, environmental
factors, as well as the infrastructure and energy required for its production.
Oil sands are unconventional petroleum deposits that consist of loose sand and partially
consolidated sand stone that contains natural mixtures of ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net
...
Levi (2009) states that, the oil sand in Canada could adversely influence the growth of not only
Canada but U.S.A as well. He states that since the oil sand deposits can be depleted any time, then
this availability would greatly reduce the amount of oil in both Canada as well as the surrounding
countries. He also states that the dependence of America on the stability on the Middle East for its
oil supply could lead to economic crisis in case the reserves get depleted reducing the amount of
revenue available for use in the countries. The oil sands production could also lead to the regulation
of oil prices, as it is able to meet the demand of the oil levels required thus reducing or depletion of
reserves could result in instability of prices.
The other adverse effect of the Canadian oil sands is that pipelines and massive processes of refining
oil sands in Canada are a source of pollution that pose a great threat to air, water, and land as well as
human health. Additionally, the use of its products like natural gas that is used to run medium–sized
turbines that produce electricity releases greenhouse gases. These emissions are mostly produced
when steam is injected to reduce the viscosity of the crude and during refining. These further
increases to the global warming effect that is already out of hand and it also negates the gains made
by society by exposing them to the adverse negative

Oil Sands Analysis
The oil sands are a topic that always seems to be contested, after all its effects on the environment
and economy are significant. The CBC and The Globe and Mail have both released articles
regarding the oil sands. One article supports the expansion of the oil sands through the use of
numbers to dispute common reasons against its development; the other opposes its development
through the concerns of those with expert power. The exceptional use of statistics allows The Globe
and Mail to validate every point they make, creating an article with a quality that you can trust. On
the other hand, the CBC article voices the concerns of professionals. This makes the article worth
reading as their concerns are often based on knowledge rather than solely ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
The Globe and Mail uses vocabulary in a way that is more masterful in terms of writing. The CBC
article, while bringing up great points from very intelligent professionals is more casual than that of
The Globe and Mail`s. The article from the CBC often brings up quotes about the opinions of
individuals, while The Globe and Mail`s article uses writing, facts, and numbers to prove or
disprove arguments. The word choice and how evidence is used from The Globe and Mail creates an
article that allows one to make an informed decision off of unbiased logic and research. The
arguments are presented extremely well from the CBC article however as you can see what the
article is trying to support in large headers with the information down below. The arguments are
presented in the form of point, proof, and analysis. The article first states what it believes should
happen, gives evidence for the proposed idea, and the goes in depth as to why it should be as such.
This helps one understand the flow of ideas as it lets them follow the same path of reasoning that the
authors have taken and lets the reader decide at the end whether or not they agree. This is turn
makes the article more convincing in this regard as the reader is more inclined to consider the points
presented in the CBC article and to read the article in its entirety than that of The Globe and

Alberta Oil Sand Analysis
Oil has become extremely vital in our society, so vital that it has affected developed and developing
countries. It is a massive contributor to economic growth as well as environmental destruction. The
Alberta Oil Sands has destroyed acres of local ecosystems, but has also achieved and ensured that
Canada stays as an economic power. The economical, cultural, and political benefits the oil sands
give to Canada makes it an asset they can not function without. The oil sands have been Canada's
major contributor to their economic activity for many years. The oil industry has led to benefits for
other industries such as business services, manufacturing, retail, finance and insurance. The impacts
of the oil sands economically can also be seen in the national employment rates and statistics.
People are immigrating from countries outside of Canada and other regions of Canada to move to
Alberta in order to get high–paying jobs from the development of the oil sands. Recently Canada's
cost for oil has increased and oil sands producers are struggling as oil prices begin to plummet, and
even the most efficient ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
This project is not only valued by the province, country, and the entire world but it is also valued by
Albertans themselves. As of July 2013, there were 114 recorded oil sands projects located in
Alberta. This goes to show how big the project is. Employment is a one of the biggest benefits of the
oil sands project. In 2012, around 121,500 people were working for Alberta's upstream energy
sector, which includes conventional oil and gas, and mining (Alberta Government). Estimated profit
from the projects was around $3.56 billion in 2012–2013 and is still growing. This revenue is used
to help fund many public services in Alberta. Within the next 25 years employment on the oil sands
is expected to grow to over 500,000 jobs; and is currently affecting the jobs of 112,000 people
throughout

Avatar: The Athabasca Oil Sands
Manufacturing oil is the most important job for those who live in Northern Alberta. In the Athabasca
oil sands workers have produced oil since 1967. The industry has created more than a million jobs
for workers and is the third largest in the world. Producing 2.3 million barrels of oil a day and
expanding the oil sands are exploring some conflicts. The 30 different first nation groups in the
surrounding areas oppose to this issue. The problem in the Athabasca Oil Sands is similar to the
movie Avatar. In Avatar, earth is losing its resources and therefore we decide to move to Pandora to
get the mineral unobtanium. However,in order to get unobtanium on Pandora safely the Navi
population in Pandora must leave. The Na'vi don't want to lose ... Show more content on
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The Na'vi people in Avatar are having immense conflict with people and the first nations in Canada
are having problems as well. First of all, because of the infrastructure lots of the land of the first
nations and Navi is being cleared out. In the Oil Sands thousands of acres of land has been cleared
out in the boreal forest for the industry and in the movie the bulldozers have destroyed thousands of
trees and animals. Furthermore, the Navi lose their habitat the home tree during the movie because
of the people's attacks on Pandora. Also in both situations the first nation groups and the Na'vi are
not interested in the resources. They are willing to allow the companies and forces to take the
resources as long as their environment and themselves don't get harmed. However, along with
similarities there are some differences in both worlds. The government is willing to help out the first
nations who live near the oil sands. There are over 17,000 first nations who live in the surrounding
areas who work in the oil sands. On top of that, the government has gave 5.4 million dollars in
support of the first nations. Instead of providing help in the film the Na'vi people get treated badly.
Pandora gets attacked several times by humans to force out the Navi. We kill thousands of Navi for
our own good. Furthermore, we attack their habitat and engage in battle with them. Another
difference between the two

The Incident Of Assessment Of The United States Of America
The incident in assessment is the March 29th 2013 Mayflower Oil spill that occurred in Mayflower,
Arkanas, United States of America. The pipeline, named the Pegasus line, belonged to operator,
ExxonMobil, transporting Canadian Wabasca heavy crude from Athabasca Oil sands when the
pipeline failed (McGowan 2013). The Pegasus line a 20 inch line with a total length of 850 mines
and carried approximately 95,000 barrels per day from Patoka, IL to Nederland, TX (ADEQ, 2013).
The pipeline was designed with a distance of 18 miles between isolation valves and was buried
approximately 24 inches where it ruptured (ADEQ, 2013). Figure 1: Oil Spill down residential street
Figure 2: Oil Spill into cove of Conway It was estimated by Exxon that 5,000 barrels (210,000
gallons) of Wabasca heavy crude was spilled from the breach (Koon and Peacock 2013). Due to
elevated Volatile Organic Compounds (VOC) readings and due to the amount of oil present on the
ground and in the street, 22 homes were evacuated. The heavy crude oil released made its way down
a residential road, into a bar ditch, into an unnamed creek, and then into a stream to a cove of Lake
Conway (Schwirtz 2012). Figure 1 and 2 are pictures of some of the affected areas and spillage into
residential property. Figure 3: Aerial View of Lake Conway Local residents of Mayflower were
forcefully to evacuate from their homes due to harmful chemicals in and around the neighbourhood
as a result from the pipeline rapture. The oil has

A Brief Note On Canadian Oil Company With Oil Sands
Cenovus is a Canadian oil company with oil sands operations in northern Alberta that use
specialized methods like steam–assisted gravity drainage (SAGD) to drill and pump the oil to the
surface (Cenovus Energy, 2015g). Cenovus currently has two producing SAGD projects in the oil
sands – Foster Creek and Christina Lake; our project is based on the latter, as well as several
emerging projects which are in various stages of development. Their advanced technology allows
them to operate safely, efficiently, and in an environmentally friendly way, that is also cost effective
(Cenovus Energy, 2015c). The major issue facing oil companies is the major drop in oil prices. Even
so, Cenovus' operations in Christina Lake can remain profitable even at ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
Methodology We agreed that throughout our research, we must use different methods in order to
collect the most valuable and appropriate information. We used the Cenovus Energy Inc. website,
online newspapers, journals, and magazine articles. Moreover, we used several other sources, such
as Yahoo Finance, the Bloomberg Terminal, the Globe and Mail, Gurufocus and the Oilsands
Review to gather specific data, such as financial statements and the company 's capital expenditures.
Also we employed formal methods and ratios to collect numerical data to estimate the size and
timing of all the cash flows from the project. The Cenovus Energy Inc. website is a reliable source
that is rich in information. When we were browsing the website, it was easy to follow and find the
information needed because of the clear organization and listings on the home page. Furthermore,
we were able to find information related to emerging oil projects, operations, and corporate
responsibility. Also, we could find news releases and track the status of the project we were focusing
on. Throughout our research process, we came across many informative newspapers, journals, and
magazine articles relevant to the project. The newspaper articles provided us with information about
events that we tied to certain changes in the financial statements and stock prices of the company.
Simultaneously, news

Oil Sands Essay
The importance of oil in our society is so great that it affects developed and developing countries. It
is a huge contributor to economic growth and environmental destruction. Although the Alberta Oil
Sands has destroyed acres of local and global (indirectly) ecosystems, it has achieved and ensured
that Canada stays as an economic power. The economical, cultural, and political benefits the oil
sands give to Canada makes it an irreplaceable asset to our nation and our global community
The oil sands have always been Canada's major contributor to our economic activity. The oil
industry has benefited other industries as well such as business services, manufacturing, retail,
finance and insurance. The economic impacts of the oil sands are ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
Due to the unequal global distribution of oil deposits, the Alberta Oil Sands has a high value in the
world market. In fact, the oil sands make Canada a leading nation on the world energy market. The
prosperity if Canada also generates in more subtle ways. With help of treaties and agreements, even
poor, developing countries can get a fair share of the products of the Oil Sands. It promotes
economies partnership and can be used to create agreements with other countries. If possible, the
Alberta Oil Sands could be an ideal sanction against rising, aggressive powers. the long term effects
that the Oil Sands has promoted or contributed to globalization also includes technological
breakthroughs, the reduction of cultural barriers and the interdependence of global nations.
Many critics argue that oil has had too big an impact to our society that we have become too
dependant on it. The fact that oil is a non–renewable resource makes us more vulnerable for the
inevitable change in the future. However, oil is arguably the best energy provider in our generation.
It is cheap and easy to develop and transport. It is highly efficient (compared to alternative sources
of energy). To simply discontinue the development of the oil sands would leave huge consequences.
The global economy would suffer, as well as, possibly, the quality of lives of people. The unlimited
"need" for oil in our society cannot be limited by government decisions. Rather than changing an

Pros And Cons Of Oil Sand
4 Aldersbrook Avenue
London, ON N9K 4A4
May 12th, 2018
Don Thompson
478 Pasta Road
Edmonton, AB Q8I 4P9
Dear Mr. Thompson:
I have watched the YouTube video called "The Oil Sands Industry and Canada's Future". I have
several concerns regarding some of the statements that you and a few others made during the video.
I believe that when it comes to oil sands, there are a lot more negatives than positives that come with
them.
All oil sand companies are supposed to reclaim lands that have been disturbed due to oil sand
operations to their natural state. 10% of the land that has been used by oil sand companies has been
reclaimed to their natural state since 1967. That means that the other 90% of the land has not been
returned to its natural state. ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
I hope that we will be able to improve the situation regarding the oil sands.
Yours Truly,
Adam Csucs
Work Citied
"Tar Sands Facts." Indigenous Environmental Network, www.ienearth.org/tar–sands–facts/. May 13
Energynownews. "The Oil Sands Industry and Canada's Future." Online video clip. YouTube.
YouTube, 21 Sept 2011. Web. 13 May 2018. "Canada's Oil Patch Expects Production Increase
through 2030." The Globe and Mail, The Globe and Mail, 25 Mar. 2017,
www.theglobeandmail.com/report–on–business/industry–news/energy–and–resources/oil–sands–
output–seen–growing–need–for–new–pipelines–urgent–industry–group/article30571357/. May 13
UNUniversity. "How Things Work: Canada's Oil Sands." Our World, ourworld.unu.edu/en/canadas–
oil–sands. May

The Athabasca Oil Sands In Canada
The Alberta Oil Sands
Situated in Canada, Alberta's three oil sand areas are known as the Athabasca oil sands, the Cold
Lake oil sands, and the Peace River oil sands. The sands are worth approximately $1 trillion and
they are the largest export in the industry. Currently, the oil provides jobs for about 514,000 people
across Canada, and in 2028 this is expected to grow to over 800,000 jobs1. In Canada, almost every
community has been touched by the oil sands development through the impact it has on economic
growth and job creation, according to the Canadian Energy Research Institute (CERI)2.
The Benefits of the Oil Sands
By generating billions of dollars, the oil sand deposits are largely helping boost Canada's economy.
The oil sands also ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The Canadian government will not stop the production of crude oil in the sands even though, the
Government of Alberta's most ambitious goal is to have emissions stabilized by 20205. Their target
is a 14 percent reduction in GHGs (Canada's Greenhouse Gas Emissions) by 20505. Environmental
companies such as Greenpeace and others are trying to reach out to the First Nations and the
landowners that are affected by the tar sands. They also have met with Canadian and international
shareholders in oil companies to discuss the investment risks associated with the sands. Lots of
people are now realizing what will be the consequences if Alberta is continuously mined at this rate.
We Must Do our Part
I believe that we must take immediate action to help preserve our world to conserve it for the future
inhabitants. This can be done by donating money to environmental companies such as Greenpeace,
and creating awareness about the future problems and current disasters. We must reduce our carbon
footprint usage along with making an effort to limit the amount of the crude oil produced in Alberta.
If we all strive to put an honest effort, then we can all live a healthier and more enjoyable

The Oil Sands Of Alberta
Alberta Oil Industry EC239 section C Instructor: Sharif Khan GROUP MEMBERS Jiayu Weng
133004040 Liang Zhang 114161410 Jingsong Sun 114161870 Brent Bogdon 130177700
Thurairajah Thilakxshan 130937440 I. INTRODUCTION The Oil Sands of Alberta have been a
scene of controversy since the commercial production of oil began there in 1967. The Oil Sands are
underground deposits made up of a mixture of sand, water, clay, and bitumen (1). The oil extracted
from these reserves in Alberta is an integral source of energy used by Canadians on a daily basis,
from transportation to heating. The oil sands are also a major host for jobs not only for the locals in
Alberta, but also for all Canadians. Even with such apparent benefits, there are many who ... Show
more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Therefore with the growing need for energy in the global markets America decided to loosen trade
policy regulations and export crude oil. America has been able to keep with Saudi Arabia's absurd
production of crude oil, causing the price of crude oil to drop. This constant production of crude oil
has brought prices to fall below $40 USD, causing many energy firms in Alberta to make staff and
budget cuts. The Alberta oil industry future is grim, as many companies have already reduced
spending plans and has predicted that they will be operating 57% less than 2014. This tremendous
hit to the Oil industry has caused tremors in all other aspects of the economy as the unemployment
rate, "immigration" rate, and the real estate market worsens. Alberta's economy is closely related to
the oil industry, thus with the decline of crude oil prices the economy is in an unstable state. III.
DATAANALYSIS Figure 3–1 Alberta's oil exports has been increased from about $17.1 billion to
$76.2 billion and the proportion of oil exports in total goods exports has also been increasing
between 2004 and 2014. In other words, oil exports have become more and more important in
Alberta's exports. Figure 3–2 From 2014, the crude oil price has dropped in a sudden since the
global economic downturn, oversupply of crude oil and the appearance of new energy. Global
economy fatigued, and thus the demand of crude oil was not strong,

Alberta Oil Sands Research Paper
Works Cited
Environment, Alberta. Alberta's Oil Sands. Opportunity. Balance. Edmonton, AB: Dept. of
Environment, 2008. Print.
This publication from the Government of Alberta's Department of Energy tries to focus on an all–
around view of the oil sands. It talks about what they are, how they work, and environmental
problems and solutions. The publication is not nearly as current as some other sources, it was
published late 2008. It is free from bias but tries to stay overly optimistic, something is a
"challenge" not an environmental concern. Since it is a government source it is mostly objective but
does try to keep the oil sands in a positive view, possibly to benefit our economy. The publication is
factual, accurate, and has a limited bias ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
It gives a brief introduction into the oil sands then jumps right into its main topic, covering the
environmental effects of mining, carbon emissions, water use and tailings of the oil sands. This
article is an effective contrast to the government publications. The government publications try to
stay as objective as possible but often are biased by omission, and don't always give a clear picture.
This article is similar, but fights for the other side. The government publications tend to paint the oil
sands in a positive light, this tries to paint it in a negative light. The article was written by Simon
Dyer, a big name in the oil industry. He is a former director (and current regional director) of the
Pembina Institute. They believe that the oil sands has many problems which need to be addressed,
but that, through improvements in the laws and technologies of the oil sands that can be
accomplished. Simon Dyer is an experienced and reliable source and

Human Dependence On The Tar Sands
Human dependence on the tar sands will be monumental in the future with the end of conventional
oil. The tar sands project in Alberta is currently one of the greatest industrial projects throughout
human history. At this time, the oil sands in Alberta are the second largest producers of oil in the
world. The oil sands in Alberta carry more than 170 billion barrels of oil, which is enough to sustain
Canada 's oil demand for more than 15 decades. However, oil sands development over the years has
shown harmful effects on the health of the communities in Alberta. According to the
epidemiological health data, the toxins from Alberta tar sands are responsible for the unhealthy
environment, water challenges, and high cancer rates. Due to these ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
With the current and projected oil sands development, the green house gas emission is expected to
grow significantly in the near future in Alberta. The increase in the greenhouse gas emission leads to
more carbon dioxide in the atmosphere that traps the heat, which will eventually lead to global
warming. Furthermore, some green house gases like ozone are extremely harmful since it creates
respiratory problems for humans and it also disrupts the ecosystem by damaging crops. Thus, the oil
sands development has led to an unhealthy environment in the communities of Alberta over the past
couple of years by releasing a great deal of greenhouse gases.
Additionally, air pollution is also one of the most threatening environmental issues created from the
development of the tar sands. The air pollution created from the tar sands is not being dealt with
enough to protect the communities, the environment, and human health. During the process of
extracting oil from the sand, there are many vehicles used such as tractors, caterpillars, and cranes
that releases large amounts of carbon into the atmosphere. The high concentration of carbon in the
atmosphere can lead to numerous damaging consequences within the communities. Recent studies
have also shown that if tar sand production increases as expected, then there will be a significant
increase in

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