2. What is REQUIRED for a What is the INCENTIVE for
nation to industrialize? a nation to industrialize?
1. Factors of Production 1. WEALTH
• Land 2. Power
• Labor 3. Nationalism
• Capital
• Entrepreneurship 4. Spreading of Culture
2. Political Stability
3. Transportation network
4. Trading Markets
Industrial Revolution -
Review
3. • Imperialism - Policy of extending control over other
countries or territories
• Economically
• Politically
• Socially
• Countries looked to take resources and spread their
culture
• Imperial nations convinced themselves that what they
were doing was positive for everyone involved
• Technological superiority allowed European nations to
dominate non-developed areas and establish global
empire
Imperialism
4. Motives for Imperialism
1. Industrial Revolution
• Increased need for
natural resources
• Nations did not have
enough resources for
their own country, so
they were forced to look
elsewhere
• Industrial Nations
produced so many goods
that they needed new
markets to sell them
• Nations competed for
colonies
Economic Motives
5. 1. Build military
2. Nationalism
• Extreme pride in their
country led them to
want more power
• More colonies = more
power
• Industrial nations
competed for colonies
Political Motives
6. 1. Spread Christianity
2. Racism – “The White Man’s Burden”
• Westerners viewed anyone with different religion and life as
“backwards”
• Westerners felt it was their duty to “civilize” the “backwards”
people of the world
• This was an attempt to justify imperialism
Social Motives
7. • Direct rule - Local rulers were replaced with officials
from the ruling country
• Indirect rule - local rulers kept their position in
government, but under control of another nation
• Protectorates - one country depends on another for
its protection
• Spheres of Influence – an area of a nation in which
a more powerful nation has control
Types of Control
8. Imperialism in Africa
• By 1914 the continent
of Africa was almost
entirely controlled by
European Imperial
powers
• These powers looked
to control the
economy, society, and
government of the
conquered peoples.
How were European
powers able to gain
control of most of Africa?
9. • Christian
missionaries were
the first “explorers”
of Africa’s interior
• Belgium sent
representatives to
negotiate with
African chiefs
• Contracts were in
English
• Those who refused
were shot
• Chiefs were forced to
give up their land
10. Suez Canal
• Built in 1869 w/ French
money
• Egypt & France = Partners
• Connected the Red Sea &
Mediterranean Sea
shortening trips to Asian
markets
• 1875 – Egypt needed money
so they sold their share of
the canal to England
• Despite the voluntary sale,
Egyptians grew angry and
rebelled over foreign
presence
- 1882 led to Egypt becoming
a protectorate
11. British settlers continued to move
Causes: north on Dutch controlled land
• England was dedicated to
colonial expansion
• British settlers in Dutch
colonies outnumbered
the Boers
• British gained control of
the area new language
& culture
• Boers left the area and
founded Transvaal &
Orange Free State
• Diamonds were discovered
Boer War
in the land of the Boers 1880-1881
England v. Dutch Farmers
12. From Cape to Cairo
Outcomes:
• The Boers resisted
British victory & practiced
guerrilla warfare
• British arrested &
imprisoned Boers
• Boers finally gave up
(1910)
• Orange Free State &
Transvaal became part of
British Africa
• Created the Union of
Cecil Rhodes’ vision of an English South Africa
speaking empire became a reality
13. Liberia & Ethiopia were the only independent African nations
The Scramble for Africa
14. Imperialism
The policy of setting up colonies &
building up empires.
Countries look to extract resources & spread their
culture.
Imperial nations convinced themselves that what
they were doing was positive for everyone
involved.
15. Positive Negative
• Modernized countries • Created problems between
African tribes
• Roads, railroads, canals
• Forced ethnic groups into
• Built up trade markets the same nation
• New farming methods • Destroyed African culture
• Assimilation (adopt another
• Modernized medicines culture)
• In many parts, segregation
• Public education & class system based on
• Built up military color were introduced
• Africa has yet to recover
• Corruption, instability,
violence, & authoritative
regimes are common
Effects of Imperialism on Africa
16. • Main Idea – The Sepoy Mutiny resulted in the British
gaining full control of India
• Prior to 1850, Chinese & Japanese rulers allowed
only limited trade with the West. European powers
turned attention on India
British Imperialism in India
17. Background
• 1700 The once
powerful Mongol Empire
was falling apart
• 1760s England won
the French & Indian War;
forcing France out of
India
• British East India
Company took over trade
in India
• Company controlled much
of India for 100+ years
• British forced their culture
on India (assimilation) Prior to 1850, Chinese & Japanese rulers
allowed only limited trade with the West.
India European powers turned their attention
on India
18. Sepoy Rebellion (1857)
• Indians felt that British
were trying to change
their culture
• Economic problems &
sense of nationalism
increased resentment
• Sepoy soldiers mutinied
& refused to accept new
rifles
• British response jail
opponents
• Sepoys united & led
rebellion
• British East India
Company & British gov’t
united to regain control
19. • Religious differences & weak leadership doomed
India
• British fully controlled India
• Indian nationalist movements begin
• Gahndi
• British East India Company removed from power
Outcome of Sepoy Rebellion
20. General Background
• Divided into 2 social classes
• Upper & lower class
• Family most important
• Arranged marriages
• First born son looks after parents
• Great Civilization
• Produced all of wants and needs
• Rich in resources
• Prior to 1800, had little contact with
the West and allowed limited trade
with foreign powers
• Viewed western culture as barbaric
China
21. Bad Guys
Queen Victoria
What does Queen Victoria have in
common with these bad guys?
22. Queen Victoria of England
• Oversaw major drug-
trafficking criminal
organization
• Very few current drug
cartels can even touch
the England of the 19th
century
• England shipped tons of
Opium into China, which
traded it for Chinese
goods and tea
• Created a nation filled
with drug addicts
International Drug Smuggler
23. Causes Outcomes
• British East India • Britain won
Company smuggled
opium into China, • China was forced to give
ignoring local laws up trading post
• China fiercely resisted • China was unable to hold
the sale of opium & foreigners accountable
pleaded for Britain to stop
under Chinese laws
Facts
• Two wars were fought
• England easily defeated China
• Greatly weakened China
Opium Wars
24. Response to Pressure from the West
By what right do they [British merchants] . . . use
the poisonous drug [opium] to injure the
Chinese people? . . . I have heard that the
smoking of opium is very strictly forbidden by
your country; that is because the harm caused
by opium is clearly understood. Since it is not
permitted to do harm to your own country, then
even less should you let it be passed on to the
harm of other countries.
LIN ZEXU, quoted in China’s Response to the West
Why did Lin Zexu oppose the Opium trade with Britain?
25. • Main Idea – Western economic and militaristic pressures
forced China to open to foreign trade and influence
China’s Response to Pressure from the West
26. 1800s
• After years of imbalanced trading with China,
England looked to find a product that Chinese were
willing to purchase
• British traders discovered that Opium Trade = Large
Profits
• British traded Opium for tea & silk
• Chinese officials learned about the dangers of
opium and declared it illegal
British look to increase trade
27. • Japan, Russia, Germany, Great Britain & France
wanted to get special trading rights in China
• China was forced to make concessions:
• Special Rights Included:
• Rights to develop mineral mines
• Rights to build railroads
• Rights to establish Navy Bases
• Leases to port cities
China was a sphere of influence
USA is being left out of CHINA
Open Door Policy
28. • USA felt that their
interests were being
threatened
• US proposed to
have equal trading
rights in China
• Policy called the
Open Door Policy
Open Door Policy
29. Facts: Effects:
• Major imperial powers • Increased foreigners in
agreed to respect China
trading rights • China remained “free”
• Treaties were unequal from colonial rule
& unfair to China • Japan eventually
ignored the policy
(1920)
US Proposes Open Door Policy (1900)
30. • Chinese nationalist movement that looked to get rid
of all foreigners
• International force of 20,000
• Soldiers from England, France, Germany, Austria,
Italy, Russia, Japan, and USA
• Despite rebellion China remained weak and divided
• Number of foreigners increased
Boxer Rebellion (1900)
31. • Movement failed and
China fell almost
completely in the
control of foreign
nations
• Strong sense of
nationalism emerged
• Qing Dynasty (Chinese
government) was
forced to accept
reforms
• Strong foreign
presence remained in
China until 1947
Boxer Rebellion
32. Goal emulate the West
• Impressed by military &
industrial strength of
the West
• Wanted to modernize
the nation
• Nationalism
Japan
33. • Abolished feudalism focused on industry
• Restored the power of the Emperor
• Established Meiji Restoration
• “Modernized” Japanese culture
• New calendar
• Adopted western clothing
• Modernized Navy & Army
• Removed the samurai
In less than 30 years, established themselves as a world
power
- Unequal treaty
- Racism
How did Japan create an Empire?
