43. European Nations Agree to divide
Africa
• By the 1870’s, British, French, Portuguese and
Belgian claims in Africa were in conflict, and
other European nations also wanted African
colonies. Germany in particular was seeking
control of lands in both eastern and western
Africa coast created tension with Great
Britain. To avoid wars over colonial claims,
several international conferences were held to
settle such claims through diplomacy.
44. African Land claimed
• In general , the European nation agreed to
respect each other claims and to help each
other’s if Africa peoples resisted. Africa
reactions to European takeover, however
varied greatly form region to region. Some
rulers agreed to treaties to secure peace,
protection, or trade.
45. Egypt and Britain share power in the
Sudan
• Mohammed Ali had brought the Sudan under
Egyptian rule in the 1820’s. in the early 1880’s
a Muslim religious leader known as the Mahdi
led his followers in a revolt against Britain and
Egyptian Forces in the Sudan. The British fort
at Khartoum was besieged, and its defender
were massacred by Mahdi’s followers in 1885.
they kept of the control of the region for
about ten years.
46. British and Boers clash in south Africa
• The British holdings in southern Africa were
on the other major sea route to India. To
protect them, Britain took over the Boer
settlement of Natal in 1843 and also set up
the Africa can state of Basutoland under
British protection. Anti-British feeling grew
stronger among the Boers, who had trekked
north from Cape Colony to get away from the
British government.
47. The Union of South Africa is Created
• 1910 the British government combined the
British and Boer states in a new country, called
the Union of South Africa. The Boers were the
major among the white settlers, and the new
government reflected their attitudes. Only
white men could vote; whites, blacks, and
people of mixed ancestry were live separately,
Because many Boers held bitter memories of
the war with Britain .
48. Cecil Rhodes expands the British
Empire
who headed the gold-mining
interests, believed in imperialism and
dreamed of
( that is , from Cape town
in South Africa to Cairo in Egypt). He talked of
a and communications
network. While this goal was not achieved,
Rhodes did encourage British settlers to move
north into the fertile Highlands later named
the Rhodesias.
49. • He talked of a
and
communications
network. While this goal
was not achieved,
Rhodes did encourage
British settlers to move
north into the fertile
Highlands later named
the Rhodesias.
50.
51. The French meet resistance in western
Africa
• The French also hoped to Acquire an American
empire stretching form coast to coast. They
intended to expand eastward from Senegal to
the Red Sea and control central Africa. Citing
Caillie’s expedition along the Niger, the
French government claimed the land between
Senegal and Algeria. The people in Senegal
however, continued to resist French
penetration of the interior from 1827 to 1890.
52.
53. Colonial Claims conflict in the Sudan
• In 1988 the French dream of a coast to coast
empire clashed with British ambitions fir a
Cape to Cairo railways. Kitchener’s forces in
the Sudan were building a railroad as they
moved southward along the Nile. Meanwhile,
a French expedition had moved eastward to
claim possessions of land along the Nile.
54. The Ashanti resist Britain in Western
Africa
• The British also tried to move inland from
their Gold coast settlement in western Africa.
But they were constantly challenged by
. From 1824 on the Ashanti and
the British fought a series of wars the Ashanti
raided coastal trading posts and the British
twice burned Kumasi, the Ashanti capital. In
1896, the British captured Kumasi again, took
the king Prisoner, and declaimed the region a
protectorate.
55. Ethiopia retains its independence
• Ethiopia, an ancient kingdom was the only
African country that successfully resisted
European Imperialism, Italy also wanted
African Territory, and in 1873 Italians acquired
a port on the Red Sea coast of Ethiopia . Form
this base, Italy began to colonize Eritrea and
other lands along the coast. In 1889, Ethiopia’s
emperor, Menlik II signed a treaty which Italy
granting some land in return for weapons and
support.
57. Colonial power follow different
policies
• The colonial policies of Europe powers
differed more in theory than in practice, but
they varied in their effects on traditional
African Society and Culture. Most of European
nation in Africa- France, Belgium, Germany,
Portugal- Established “direct rule” over their
colonies. European government officials
replaced African leaders, and European laws
and other institutions were stablished.
58. French colonial rule follows a policy of
Assimilation
• While they stablished direct rule in their
colonies, the French also believed that
Africans could in time be assimilated, or
absorbed, into French culture. They would
become full-fledged citizens, and their African
culture would be replaced by French
Schooling, laws, language and politics. Their
lands would become overseas provinces of
France, and not colonies.
59. Colonial Rule reveals European
attitudes.
• European colonial officials, explorer, and
missionaries generally were paternalistic
toward Africans. That is, they incorrectly
regarded Africans as childlike and incapable of
managing their own lands or their own lives.
This was a result of the European attitude of
cultural and ethnic superiority. One
justification given for imperialism was the
bringing of the western civilization to other
part of the world.
60. Colonial Government Tax Africans
• European power in Africa, as in other parts of
the world, expected economic advantage from
their colonies. Africans were expected to pay
taxes in the currency issued by the colonial
government. Africans who did not pay their
taxes could be fined, arrested or imprisoned.
Because Europeans controlled all the business
and government jobs, the African had to work
for them as farmhands, servants, miners,
construction workers and clerks.
61. Colonial powers profits from their
African colonies
• One aim of imperialism was to develop
colonial economies so that they would benefit
European investors. The colonial power s
followed the pattern set by the first
Portuguese traders and planters: white
ownership of the land and black labor to work
it
