SlideShare a Scribd company logo
1 of 3
Download to read offline
Could you please fill this out for Postpartum depression:
Directions
Write a research proposal using your clinical question formulated earlier in the course that was
approved by your instructor. This may be either a qualitative or quantitative research proposal.
Your proposal must include APA formatting. The proposal should be a 6–10 in length plus
appendices cover page, and reference page. The appendices should include your survey
instrument created in week 6. (week 7)
As you are writing your paper, use the below as your guideline. Make sure you use APA format
for all aspects of the paper.
Introduction
• Clearly stated problem and purpose of the study
• Independent and dependent variables
• Definition of terms
• Assumptions, hypothesis, or questions (depending on research type)
Theoretical Framework
• Description of the theoretical framework to be utilized
• Identification of the concepts to be explored
• Rationale for choosing framework
Review of the literature
• At least 4 scholarly sources included
• Appropriateness of the review and the proposal focus
• Inclusion of primary or secondary sources
Methodology
• Description of study type (quantitative or qualitative)
• Description of study design
• Rationale for the use of the selected design
• Inclusion of sample size, type, sampling method, inclusion/exclusion criteria, setting, data
collection method (instrument), and data collection process
• Method for Protection of Human Subjects (consent)
• Questionnaire and consent forms must be included as appendices
Data Analysis
• Data analysis method is appropriate for study design.
• Method of data analysis is clearly stated. • Method for displaying findings is stated.
Applicability to Nursing
• Research focuses on a problem significant to nursing.
• Research would contribute to nursing knowledge.
• Proposal is complete so that another researcher could replicate the study. • Statement
about areas of nursing that would benefit from this study.
Research Proposal: Does the mother's cultural background impact potential postpartum
depression?
(A Retrospective of LA County)
Solution
Introduction:
Background: Postpartum depression is a clinical depression which occurs after child birth due to
many reasons and affects both sexes. It occurs in women of all cultural and ethnic backgrounds.
Postpartum depression is the most common complication of childbearing. It affects
approximately 10–15% of women [5]. Various studies [1, 3] find that the depression could result
of demographic characteristics, social class and life adversity like stressful life events and low
levels of emotional support.
Research Problem: These studies suggest that postpartum depression is associated to culture and
living nature of women but do not depicts it clearly. We suggest that a study is needed to find
whether the mother's cultural background which births a new child in depression characteristics
affects really or not. The studies indicate a heavy possibility towards the aim.
Dependent and independent variables [2]:
Dependent variables:
Independent variables: Pregnant women
Literature of review [must contain]: A worldwide study on postpartum depression was taken.
They included European, Western and non-Western countries during their 20 years study. This
study finds that the third trimester and six-month perinatal and postnatal six-month depression
were 6.9%, 8.0% and 2.1% to 31.6% range, respectively. The study found that postnatal
depression rates were varied from 0% in Vienna and the United Kingdom to 29.2% in Porto. The
postnatal depression related to Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) 13+ ranged from
0% in Bordeaux and Paris to 14.3% in Dublin. The difference occurs in demographic
characteristics, social class and life adversity like stressful life events and low levels of
emotional support
Reference

More Related Content

Similar to Could you please fill this out for Postpartum depressionDirection.pdf

Critical appraisal presentation by mohamed taha 2
Critical appraisal presentation by mohamed taha  2Critical appraisal presentation by mohamed taha  2
Critical appraisal presentation by mohamed taha 2
Cairo University
 
Use the Capella library to locate two psychology research articles.docx
Use the Capella library to locate two psychology research articles.docxUse the Capella library to locate two psychology research articles.docx
Use the Capella library to locate two psychology research articles.docx
dickonsondorris
 
This is what I have so far if you could please go off of my introd.docx
This is what I have so far if you could please go off of my introd.docxThis is what I have so far if you could please go off of my introd.docx
This is what I have so far if you could please go off of my introd.docx
juliennehar
 
Starting the Research ProcessFormulating a specific, applica.docx
Starting the Research ProcessFormulating a specific, applica.docxStarting the Research ProcessFormulating a specific, applica.docx
Starting the Research ProcessFormulating a specific, applica.docx
bryanwest16882
 
How to Write a Scientific Paper in Midwifery.ppt
How to Write a Scientific Paper in Midwifery.pptHow to Write a Scientific Paper in Midwifery.ppt
How to Write a Scientific Paper in Midwifery.ppt
InjunieOnnie
 
For this assignment you willwrite a paper using TOPIC 1 QUANTITAT.docx
For this assignment you willwrite a paper using TOPIC 1 QUANTITAT.docxFor this assignment you willwrite a paper using TOPIC 1 QUANTITAT.docx
For this assignment you willwrite a paper using TOPIC 1 QUANTITAT.docx
templestewart19
 
DiscussionThis is the posted discussion Post your problem s.docx
DiscussionThis is the posted discussion Post your problem s.docxDiscussionThis is the posted discussion Post your problem s.docx
DiscussionThis is the posted discussion Post your problem s.docx
elinoraudley582231
 
Overview of Evidence-basedPractice and the Research Pro.docx
Overview of Evidence-basedPractice and the Research Pro.docxOverview of Evidence-basedPractice and the Research Pro.docx
Overview of Evidence-basedPractice and the Research Pro.docx
LacieKlineeb
 

Similar to Could you please fill this out for Postpartum depressionDirection.pdf (20)

Critical appraisal presentation by mohamed taha 2
Critical appraisal presentation by mohamed taha  2Critical appraisal presentation by mohamed taha  2
Critical appraisal presentation by mohamed taha 2
 
Use the Capella library to locate two psychology research articles.docx
Use the Capella library to locate two psychology research articles.docxUse the Capella library to locate two psychology research articles.docx
Use the Capella library to locate two psychology research articles.docx
 
1. unit 3 part I- intro with (a) Observational studies – descriptive and anal...
1. unit 3 part I- intro with (a) Observational studies – descriptive and anal...1. unit 3 part I- intro with (a) Observational studies – descriptive and anal...
1. unit 3 part I- intro with (a) Observational studies – descriptive and anal...
 
Types of research studies, advantages and Disadvantages
Types of research studies, advantages and Disadvantages Types of research studies, advantages and Disadvantages
Types of research studies, advantages and Disadvantages
 
This is what I have so far if you could please go off of my introd.docx
This is what I have so far if you could please go off of my introd.docxThis is what I have so far if you could please go off of my introd.docx
This is what I have so far if you could please go off of my introd.docx
 
critical appraisal ppt.pptx
critical appraisal ppt.pptxcritical appraisal ppt.pptx
critical appraisal ppt.pptx
 
Pt 650 1A
Pt 650 1A Pt 650 1A
Pt 650 1A
 
Epidemiological study designs
Epidemiological study designsEpidemiological study designs
Epidemiological study designs
 
Epidemiological Study Designs by zafar sir.pptx
Epidemiological Study Designs by zafar sir.pptxEpidemiological Study Designs by zafar sir.pptx
Epidemiological Study Designs by zafar sir.pptx
 
Basic.Method.pptx
Basic.Method.pptxBasic.Method.pptx
Basic.Method.pptx
 
Starting the Research ProcessFormulating a specific, applica.docx
Starting the Research ProcessFormulating a specific, applica.docxStarting the Research ProcessFormulating a specific, applica.docx
Starting the Research ProcessFormulating a specific, applica.docx
 
Research Gaps and Evidences in Perioperative nursing
Research Gaps and Evidences in Perioperative nursingResearch Gaps and Evidences in Perioperative nursing
Research Gaps and Evidences in Perioperative nursing
 
How to Write a Scientific Paper in Midwifery.ppt
How to Write a Scientific Paper in Midwifery.pptHow to Write a Scientific Paper in Midwifery.ppt
How to Write a Scientific Paper in Midwifery.ppt
 
For this assignment you willwrite a paper using TOPIC 1 QUANTITAT.docx
For this assignment you willwrite a paper using TOPIC 1 QUANTITAT.docxFor this assignment you willwrite a paper using TOPIC 1 QUANTITAT.docx
For this assignment you willwrite a paper using TOPIC 1 QUANTITAT.docx
 
Research methodology
Research methodologyResearch methodology
Research methodology
 
Critic
CriticCritic
Critic
 
DiscussionThis is the posted discussion Post your problem s.docx
DiscussionThis is the posted discussion Post your problem s.docxDiscussionThis is the posted discussion Post your problem s.docx
DiscussionThis is the posted discussion Post your problem s.docx
 
CONCEPTUALIZATION AND PLANNING RESEARCH.pptx
CONCEPTUALIZATION AND PLANNING RESEARCH.pptxCONCEPTUALIZATION AND PLANNING RESEARCH.pptx
CONCEPTUALIZATION AND PLANNING RESEARCH.pptx
 
A systematic review of studies of depression prevalence in university student...
A systematic review of studies of depression prevalence in university student...A systematic review of studies of depression prevalence in university student...
A systematic review of studies of depression prevalence in university student...
 
Overview of Evidence-basedPractice and the Research Pro.docx
Overview of Evidence-basedPractice and the Research Pro.docxOverview of Evidence-basedPractice and the Research Pro.docx
Overview of Evidence-basedPractice and the Research Pro.docx
 

More from isenbergwarne4100

Explain the underlying reason that cell membranes have a bilayer str.pdf
Explain the underlying reason that cell membranes have a bilayer str.pdfExplain the underlying reason that cell membranes have a bilayer str.pdf
Explain the underlying reason that cell membranes have a bilayer str.pdf
isenbergwarne4100
 
Despite the repeated effort by the government to reform how Wall Str.pdf
Despite the repeated effort by the government to reform how Wall Str.pdfDespite the repeated effort by the government to reform how Wall Str.pdf
Despite the repeated effort by the government to reform how Wall Str.pdf
isenbergwarne4100
 
A university financial aid office polled an SRS of undergraduate stud.pdf
A university financial aid office polled an SRS of undergraduate stud.pdfA university financial aid office polled an SRS of undergraduate stud.pdf
A university financial aid office polled an SRS of undergraduate stud.pdf
isenbergwarne4100
 
1)Today, the overwhelming world leader in microprocessor sales i.pdf
1)Today, the overwhelming world leader in microprocessor sales i.pdf1)Today, the overwhelming world leader in microprocessor sales i.pdf
1)Today, the overwhelming world leader in microprocessor sales i.pdf
isenbergwarne4100
 
1) Name the seven layers of the OSI network model, and 2) enumerate .pdf
1) Name the seven layers of the OSI network model, and 2) enumerate .pdf1) Name the seven layers of the OSI network model, and 2) enumerate .pdf
1) Name the seven layers of the OSI network model, and 2) enumerate .pdf
isenbergwarne4100
 

More from isenbergwarne4100 (20)

Identify and discuss the two basic principles of assessing risk tole.pdf
Identify and discuss the two basic principles of assessing risk tole.pdfIdentify and discuss the two basic principles of assessing risk tole.pdf
Identify and discuss the two basic principles of assessing risk tole.pdf
 
Help for this question please and have details For the combined ELSI.pdf
Help for this question please and have details For the combined ELSI.pdfHelp for this question please and have details For the combined ELSI.pdf
Help for this question please and have details For the combined ELSI.pdf
 
Explain the underlying reason that cell membranes have a bilayer str.pdf
Explain the underlying reason that cell membranes have a bilayer str.pdfExplain the underlying reason that cell membranes have a bilayer str.pdf
Explain the underlying reason that cell membranes have a bilayer str.pdf
 
Despite the repeated effort by the government to reform how Wall Str.pdf
Despite the repeated effort by the government to reform how Wall Str.pdfDespite the repeated effort by the government to reform how Wall Str.pdf
Despite the repeated effort by the government to reform how Wall Str.pdf
 
A university financial aid office polled an SRS of undergraduate stud.pdf
A university financial aid office polled an SRS of undergraduate stud.pdfA university financial aid office polled an SRS of undergraduate stud.pdf
A university financial aid office polled an SRS of undergraduate stud.pdf
 
A confidential and voluntary survey conducted in STA 3024 in the Spr.pdf
A confidential and voluntary survey conducted in STA 3024 in the Spr.pdfA confidential and voluntary survey conducted in STA 3024 in the Spr.pdf
A confidential and voluntary survey conducted in STA 3024 in the Spr.pdf
 
1)Today, the overwhelming world leader in microprocessor sales i.pdf
1)Today, the overwhelming world leader in microprocessor sales i.pdf1)Today, the overwhelming world leader in microprocessor sales i.pdf
1)Today, the overwhelming world leader in microprocessor sales i.pdf
 
1) Name the seven layers of the OSI network model, and 2) enumerate .pdf
1) Name the seven layers of the OSI network model, and 2) enumerate .pdf1) Name the seven layers of the OSI network model, and 2) enumerate .pdf
1) Name the seven layers of the OSI network model, and 2) enumerate .pdf
 
8. Eenee, Meanie, and Miney each have a capital balance of $84,000 i.pdf
8. Eenee, Meanie, and Miney each have a capital balance of $84,000 i.pdf8. Eenee, Meanie, and Miney each have a capital balance of $84,000 i.pdf
8. Eenee, Meanie, and Miney each have a capital balance of $84,000 i.pdf
 
[Python] [Singly-linked list] [Element insertion] Consider the follo.pdf
[Python] [Singly-linked list] [Element insertion] Consider the follo.pdf[Python] [Singly-linked list] [Element insertion] Consider the follo.pdf
[Python] [Singly-linked list] [Element insertion] Consider the follo.pdf
 
why Cu, Pb, and Sn were metals used in early civilizations Solu.pdf
why Cu, Pb, and Sn were metals used in early civilizations Solu.pdfwhy Cu, Pb, and Sn were metals used in early civilizations Solu.pdf
why Cu, Pb, and Sn were metals used in early civilizations Solu.pdf
 
Which scenario is the least likely to be supported by the theory of .pdf
Which scenario is the least likely to be supported by the theory of .pdfWhich scenario is the least likely to be supported by the theory of .pdf
Which scenario is the least likely to be supported by the theory of .pdf
 
What is the difference between neurotransmitters and neuropeptides .pdf
What is the difference between neurotransmitters and neuropeptides  .pdfWhat is the difference between neurotransmitters and neuropeptides  .pdf
What is the difference between neurotransmitters and neuropeptides .pdf
 
5) The US government is spying on Switzerland. They believe Switzerl.pdf
5) The US government is spying on Switzerland. They believe Switzerl.pdf5) The US government is spying on Switzerland. They believe Switzerl.pdf
5) The US government is spying on Switzerland. They believe Switzerl.pdf
 
To qualify for the partial exclusion of gain on the sale or exchange.pdf
To qualify for the partial exclusion of gain on the sale or exchange.pdfTo qualify for the partial exclusion of gain on the sale or exchange.pdf
To qualify for the partial exclusion of gain on the sale or exchange.pdf
 
These questions are for Java.1. name of Java class with methods an.pdf
These questions are for Java.1. name of Java class with methods an.pdfThese questions are for Java.1. name of Java class with methods an.pdf
These questions are for Java.1. name of Java class with methods an.pdf
 
The United States Central Intelligence Agency, FBI, and National Sec.pdf
The United States Central Intelligence Agency, FBI, and National Sec.pdfThe United States Central Intelligence Agency, FBI, and National Sec.pdf
The United States Central Intelligence Agency, FBI, and National Sec.pdf
 
The study of consumer choose one brand over another and how they make.pdf
The study of consumer choose one brand over another and how they make.pdfThe study of consumer choose one brand over another and how they make.pdf
The study of consumer choose one brand over another and how they make.pdf
 
Survivin Monomer Plays an Essential Role in Apoptosis Regulation Mar.pdf
Survivin Monomer Plays an Essential Role in Apoptosis Regulation Mar.pdfSurvivin Monomer Plays an Essential Role in Apoptosis Regulation Mar.pdf
Survivin Monomer Plays an Essential Role in Apoptosis Regulation Mar.pdf
 
statistics Which is not true of p-values Select one When they are.pdf
statistics Which is not true of p-values Select one  When they are.pdfstatistics Which is not true of p-values Select one  When they are.pdf
statistics Which is not true of p-values Select one When they are.pdf
 

Recently uploaded

SPLICE Working Group: Reusable Code Examples
SPLICE Working Group:Reusable Code ExamplesSPLICE Working Group:Reusable Code Examples
SPLICE Working Group: Reusable Code Examples
Peter Brusilovsky
 

Recently uploaded (20)

An overview of the various scriptures in Hinduism
An overview of the various scriptures in HinduismAn overview of the various scriptures in Hinduism
An overview of the various scriptures in Hinduism
 
Basic Civil Engineering notes on Transportation Engineering & Modes of Transport
Basic Civil Engineering notes on Transportation Engineering & Modes of TransportBasic Civil Engineering notes on Transportation Engineering & Modes of Transport
Basic Civil Engineering notes on Transportation Engineering & Modes of Transport
 
Andreas Schleicher presents at the launch of What does child empowerment mean...
Andreas Schleicher presents at the launch of What does child empowerment mean...Andreas Schleicher presents at the launch of What does child empowerment mean...
Andreas Schleicher presents at the launch of What does child empowerment mean...
 
e-Sealing at EADTU by Kamakshi Rajagopal
e-Sealing at EADTU by Kamakshi Rajagopale-Sealing at EADTU by Kamakshi Rajagopal
e-Sealing at EADTU by Kamakshi Rajagopal
 
ANTI PARKISON DRUGS.pptx
ANTI         PARKISON          DRUGS.pptxANTI         PARKISON          DRUGS.pptx
ANTI PARKISON DRUGS.pptx
 
Mattingly "AI & Prompt Design: Named Entity Recognition"
Mattingly "AI & Prompt Design: Named Entity Recognition"Mattingly "AI & Prompt Design: Named Entity Recognition"
Mattingly "AI & Prompt Design: Named Entity Recognition"
 
Major project report on Tata Motors and its marketing strategies
Major project report on Tata Motors and its marketing strategiesMajor project report on Tata Motors and its marketing strategies
Major project report on Tata Motors and its marketing strategies
 
When Quality Assurance Meets Innovation in Higher Education - Report launch w...
When Quality Assurance Meets Innovation in Higher Education - Report launch w...When Quality Assurance Meets Innovation in Higher Education - Report launch w...
When Quality Assurance Meets Innovation in Higher Education - Report launch w...
 
The Story of Village Palampur Class 9 Free Study Material PDF
The Story of Village Palampur Class 9 Free Study Material PDFThe Story of Village Palampur Class 9 Free Study Material PDF
The Story of Village Palampur Class 9 Free Study Material PDF
 
UChicago CMSC 23320 - The Best Commit Messages of 2024
UChicago CMSC 23320 - The Best Commit Messages of 2024UChicago CMSC 23320 - The Best Commit Messages of 2024
UChicago CMSC 23320 - The Best Commit Messages of 2024
 
ĐỀ THAM KHẢO KÌ THI TUYỂN SINH VÀO LỚP 10 MÔN TIẾNG ANH FORM 50 CÂU TRẮC NGHI...
ĐỀ THAM KHẢO KÌ THI TUYỂN SINH VÀO LỚP 10 MÔN TIẾNG ANH FORM 50 CÂU TRẮC NGHI...ĐỀ THAM KHẢO KÌ THI TUYỂN SINH VÀO LỚP 10 MÔN TIẾNG ANH FORM 50 CÂU TRẮC NGHI...
ĐỀ THAM KHẢO KÌ THI TUYỂN SINH VÀO LỚP 10 MÔN TIẾNG ANH FORM 50 CÂU TRẮC NGHI...
 
SPLICE Working Group: Reusable Code Examples
SPLICE Working Group:Reusable Code ExamplesSPLICE Working Group:Reusable Code Examples
SPLICE Working Group: Reusable Code Examples
 
Trauma-Informed Leadership - Five Practical Principles
Trauma-Informed Leadership - Five Practical PrinciplesTrauma-Informed Leadership - Five Practical Principles
Trauma-Informed Leadership - Five Practical Principles
 
Sternal Fractures & Dislocations - EMGuidewire Radiology Reading Room
Sternal Fractures & Dislocations - EMGuidewire Radiology Reading RoomSternal Fractures & Dislocations - EMGuidewire Radiology Reading Room
Sternal Fractures & Dislocations - EMGuidewire Radiology Reading Room
 
Supporting Newcomer Multilingual Learners
Supporting Newcomer  Multilingual LearnersSupporting Newcomer  Multilingual Learners
Supporting Newcomer Multilingual Learners
 
TỔNG HỢP HƠN 100 ĐỀ THI THỬ TỐT NGHIỆP THPT TOÁN 2024 - TỪ CÁC TRƯỜNG, TRƯỜNG...
TỔNG HỢP HƠN 100 ĐỀ THI THỬ TỐT NGHIỆP THPT TOÁN 2024 - TỪ CÁC TRƯỜNG, TRƯỜNG...TỔNG HỢP HƠN 100 ĐỀ THI THỬ TỐT NGHIỆP THPT TOÁN 2024 - TỪ CÁC TRƯỜNG, TRƯỜNG...
TỔNG HỢP HƠN 100 ĐỀ THI THỬ TỐT NGHIỆP THPT TOÁN 2024 - TỪ CÁC TRƯỜNG, TRƯỜNG...
 
Book Review of Run For Your Life Powerpoint
Book Review of Run For Your Life PowerpointBook Review of Run For Your Life Powerpoint
Book Review of Run For Your Life Powerpoint
 
Mattingly "AI and Prompt Design: LLMs with NER"
Mattingly "AI and Prompt Design: LLMs with NER"Mattingly "AI and Prompt Design: LLMs with NER"
Mattingly "AI and Prompt Design: LLMs with NER"
 
DEMONSTRATION LESSON IN ENGLISH 4 MATATAG CURRICULUM
DEMONSTRATION LESSON IN ENGLISH 4 MATATAG CURRICULUMDEMONSTRATION LESSON IN ENGLISH 4 MATATAG CURRICULUM
DEMONSTRATION LESSON IN ENGLISH 4 MATATAG CURRICULUM
 
How to Send Pro Forma Invoice to Your Customers in Odoo 17
How to Send Pro Forma Invoice to Your Customers in Odoo 17How to Send Pro Forma Invoice to Your Customers in Odoo 17
How to Send Pro Forma Invoice to Your Customers in Odoo 17
 

Could you please fill this out for Postpartum depressionDirection.pdf

  • 1. Could you please fill this out for Postpartum depression: Directions Write a research proposal using your clinical question formulated earlier in the course that was approved by your instructor. This may be either a qualitative or quantitative research proposal. Your proposal must include APA formatting. The proposal should be a 6–10 in length plus appendices cover page, and reference page. The appendices should include your survey instrument created in week 6. (week 7) As you are writing your paper, use the below as your guideline. Make sure you use APA format for all aspects of the paper. Introduction • Clearly stated problem and purpose of the study • Independent and dependent variables • Definition of terms • Assumptions, hypothesis, or questions (depending on research type) Theoretical Framework • Description of the theoretical framework to be utilized • Identification of the concepts to be explored • Rationale for choosing framework Review of the literature • At least 4 scholarly sources included • Appropriateness of the review and the proposal focus • Inclusion of primary or secondary sources Methodology • Description of study type (quantitative or qualitative) • Description of study design • Rationale for the use of the selected design • Inclusion of sample size, type, sampling method, inclusion/exclusion criteria, setting, data collection method (instrument), and data collection process • Method for Protection of Human Subjects (consent) • Questionnaire and consent forms must be included as appendices Data Analysis • Data analysis method is appropriate for study design. • Method of data analysis is clearly stated. • Method for displaying findings is stated. Applicability to Nursing • Research focuses on a problem significant to nursing.
  • 2. • Research would contribute to nursing knowledge. • Proposal is complete so that another researcher could replicate the study. • Statement about areas of nursing that would benefit from this study. Research Proposal: Does the mother's cultural background impact potential postpartum depression? (A Retrospective of LA County) Solution Introduction: Background: Postpartum depression is a clinical depression which occurs after child birth due to many reasons and affects both sexes. It occurs in women of all cultural and ethnic backgrounds. Postpartum depression is the most common complication of childbearing. It affects approximately 10–15% of women [5]. Various studies [1, 3] find that the depression could result of demographic characteristics, social class and life adversity like stressful life events and low levels of emotional support. Research Problem: These studies suggest that postpartum depression is associated to culture and living nature of women but do not depicts it clearly. We suggest that a study is needed to find whether the mother's cultural background which births a new child in depression characteristics affects really or not. The studies indicate a heavy possibility towards the aim. Dependent and independent variables [2]: Dependent variables: Independent variables: Pregnant women Literature of review [must contain]: A worldwide study on postpartum depression was taken. They included European, Western and non-Western countries during their 20 years study. This study finds that the third trimester and six-month perinatal and postnatal six-month depression were 6.9%, 8.0% and 2.1% to 31.6% range, respectively. The study found that postnatal depression rates were varied from 0% in Vienna and the United Kingdom to 29.2% in Porto. The postnatal depression related to Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) 13+ ranged from 0% in Bordeaux and Paris to 14.3% in Dublin. The difference occurs in demographic characteristics, social class and life adversity like stressful life events and low levels of emotional support