How to formulate a researchable question based on picos - PubricaPubrica
Unanswered questions in current clinical practice and interactions dictating alternate treatments will lead to the formulation of a clinical research question. It would help researchers by giving them step-by-step instructions about how to formulate a research question.
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How to formulate a researchable question based on picos - PubricaPubrica
Unanswered questions in current clinical practice and interactions dictating alternate treatments will lead to the formulation of a clinical research question. It would help researchers by giving them step-by-step instructions about how to formulate a research question.
Continue Reading: https://bit.ly/3ldryTV
For our services: https://pubrica.com/sevices/research-services/
Why Pubrica:
When you order our services, We promise you the following – Plagiarism free | always on Time | 24*7 customer support | Written to international Standard | Unlimited Revisions support | Medical writing Expert | Publication Support | Biostatistical experts | High-quality Subject Matter Experts.
Contact us:
Web: https://pubrica.com/
Blog: https://pubrica.com/academy/
Email: sales@pubrica.com
WhatsApp : +91 9884350006
United Kingdom: +44-1618186353
Use the Capella library to locate two psychology research articles.docxdickonsondorris
Use the Capella library to locate two psychology research articles: a quantitative methods article and a qualitative methods article. These do not need to be on the same topic, but if you have a research topic in mind for your proposal (see Assessment 5), you may wish to pick something similar for this assessment. Read each article carefully.
Then, in a 2–3-page assessment, address the following elements:
1 Summarize the research question and hypothesis, the research methods, and the overall findings.
2 Compare the research methodologies used in each study. In what ways are the methodologies similar? In what ways are they different? (Be sure to use the technical psychological terms we are studying.)
3 Describe the sample and sample size for each study. Which one used a larger sample and why? How were participants selected?
4 Describe the data collection process for each study. What methods were used to collect the data? Surveys? Observations? Interviews? Be specific and discuss the instruments or measures fully—what do they measure? How is the test designed?
5 Summarize the data analysis process for each study. How was the data analyzed? Were statistics used? Were interviews coded?
6 In conclusion, craft 1–2 paragraphs explaining how these two articles illustrate the main differences between quantitative and qualitative research.
Additional Requirements
· Written communication: Written communication should be free of errors that detract from the overall message.
· APA formatting: Your assessment should be formatted according to APA (6th ed.) style and formatting.
· Length: A typical response will be 2–3 typed and double-spaced pages.
Font and font size: Times New Roman, 12 point.
Research Methods
There are many different types of research studies, and the type of study that is done depends very much on the research question. Some studies demand strictly numerical data, such as a comparison of GPA among different college majors or weight loss among different types of eating programs. Others require more in-depth data, like interview responses. Such studies might include the lived experience of people that have been through a terrorist attack or understanding the experience of being physically disabled on a college campus. While there are a number of different types of studies that can be done, all of them fall under two basic categories: quantitative and qualitative.
Quantitative Research
Quantitative research deals with numerical data. This means that any topic you study in a quantitative study must be quantifiable—grades, weight, height, depression, and intelligence are all things that can be quantified on some scale of measurement. Quantitative data is often considered hard data—numbers are seen as concrete, irrefutable evidence, but we have to take into account a number of factors that could impact such data. Errors in measurement and recording of such data, as well as the influence of other factors outside those in the study, make for ...
This presentation presents for the following purposes
1: It covers the chapter of Research Problem formulation in the subject Research methodology
2: Defining the research problem
3: Significance of the research problem
4: Necessity of the research problem
5: How to find out the research problem
6: Why research problem is very important
7: How a bad formulation of the research problem affects the project or research study
1
7
Annotated Bibliography
Lua Shanks
Walden University
Research Theory, Design, and Methods
Dr. Arome
11-7-2021
Annotated Bibliography
Introduction
Autism researchers continue to grapple with activities that best serve the purpose of fostering positive interpersonal relationships for children with autism. Children have benefited from therapy sessions that provide ongoing activities to aid their ability to engage in healthy social interactions. However, less is known about how K–12 schools might implement programs for this group of individuals to provide additional opportunities for growth, or even if and how school programs would be of assistance in the end. There is a gap in understanding the possibilities of implementing such programs in schools to foster the social and mental health of children with autism. The six articles I selected for this assignment present research on different types of therapeutic programs that have been used to promote social interactions in children with autism.
Annotated Bibliography on Autism
Wimpory, D. C., & Nash, S. (1999). Musical interaction therapy – therapeutic play for children with autism. Child Language and Teaching Therapy, 15(1), 17–28. https://doi.org/10.1177/026565909901500103
Wimpory and Nash provided a case study
for implementing music interaction therapy as part of play therapy aimed at cultivating communication skills in infants with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). The researchers based their argument on films taken of play-based therapy sessions that introduced music interaction therapy. To assess the success of music play, Wimpory and Nash filmed the follow-up play-based interaction between the parent and the child. The follow-up interactions revealed that 20 months after the introduction of music play, the child developed prolonged playful interaction with both the psychologist and the parent. The follow-up films also revealed that the child initiated spontaneously pretend play during these later sessions. After the introduction of music, the child began to develop appropriate language skills.
Since the publication date for this case study is 1999, the results are dated. Although this study found that music interaction therapy is useful, emerging research in the field has undoubtedly changed in the time since this article was published. Wimpory and Nash wrote this article for a specific audience, including psychologists and researchers working with infants diagnosed with ASD. Their focus means that others beyond these fields may not find the findings applicable to their work.
I am interested in the role of music in therapy to foster social and mental health in children with ASD. Therefore, Wimpory and Nash’s research is useful to me for background information on the implementation of music into play-based therapy in infants with ASD. Wimpory and Nash presented a basis for this t ...
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So you tried all the ways to beautify your bullet points on your pitch deck but it just got way uglier. These points are supposed to be memorable and leave a lasting impression on your audience. With these tips, you'll no longer have to spend so much time thinking how you should present your pointers.
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Through an exploration of brand psychology and consumer behavior, this study sheds light on the intricate ways in which effective branding strategies, strategic social media engagement, and user-centric website design contribute to altering consumers' perceptions. We delve into the principles that underlie successful brand transformations, examining how visual identity, messaging, and storytelling can captivate and resonate with target audiences.
Methodologically, this research employs a comprehensive approach, combining qualitative and quantitative analyses. Real-world case studies illustrate the impact of branding, social media campaigns, and website redesigns on consumer perception, sales figures, and profitability. We assess the various metrics, including brand awareness, customer engagement, conversion rates, and revenue growth, to measure the effectiveness of these strategies.
The results underscore the pivotal role of cohesive branding, social media influence, and website usability in shaping positive brand perceptions, influencing consumer decisions, and ultimately bolstering sales and profitability. This paper provides actionable insights and strategic recommendations for businesses seeking to leverage branding, social media, and website design as potent tools to enhance their market position and financial success.
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Use the Capella library to locate two psychology research articles.docxdickonsondorris
Use the Capella library to locate two psychology research articles: a quantitative methods article and a qualitative methods article. These do not need to be on the same topic, but if you have a research topic in mind for your proposal (see Assessment 5), you may wish to pick something similar for this assessment. Read each article carefully.
Then, in a 2–3-page assessment, address the following elements:
1 Summarize the research question and hypothesis, the research methods, and the overall findings.
2 Compare the research methodologies used in each study. In what ways are the methodologies similar? In what ways are they different? (Be sure to use the technical psychological terms we are studying.)
3 Describe the sample and sample size for each study. Which one used a larger sample and why? How were participants selected?
4 Describe the data collection process for each study. What methods were used to collect the data? Surveys? Observations? Interviews? Be specific and discuss the instruments or measures fully—what do they measure? How is the test designed?
5 Summarize the data analysis process for each study. How was the data analyzed? Were statistics used? Were interviews coded?
6 In conclusion, craft 1–2 paragraphs explaining how these two articles illustrate the main differences between quantitative and qualitative research.
Additional Requirements
· Written communication: Written communication should be free of errors that detract from the overall message.
· APA formatting: Your assessment should be formatted according to APA (6th ed.) style and formatting.
· Length: A typical response will be 2–3 typed and double-spaced pages.
Font and font size: Times New Roman, 12 point.
Research Methods
There are many different types of research studies, and the type of study that is done depends very much on the research question. Some studies demand strictly numerical data, such as a comparison of GPA among different college majors or weight loss among different types of eating programs. Others require more in-depth data, like interview responses. Such studies might include the lived experience of people that have been through a terrorist attack or understanding the experience of being physically disabled on a college campus. While there are a number of different types of studies that can be done, all of them fall under two basic categories: quantitative and qualitative.
Quantitative Research
Quantitative research deals with numerical data. This means that any topic you study in a quantitative study must be quantifiable—grades, weight, height, depression, and intelligence are all things that can be quantified on some scale of measurement. Quantitative data is often considered hard data—numbers are seen as concrete, irrefutable evidence, but we have to take into account a number of factors that could impact such data. Errors in measurement and recording of such data, as well as the influence of other factors outside those in the study, make for ...
This presentation presents for the following purposes
1: It covers the chapter of Research Problem formulation in the subject Research methodology
2: Defining the research problem
3: Significance of the research problem
4: Necessity of the research problem
5: How to find out the research problem
6: Why research problem is very important
7: How a bad formulation of the research problem affects the project or research study
1
7
Annotated Bibliography
Lua Shanks
Walden University
Research Theory, Design, and Methods
Dr. Arome
11-7-2021
Annotated Bibliography
Introduction
Autism researchers continue to grapple with activities that best serve the purpose of fostering positive interpersonal relationships for children with autism. Children have benefited from therapy sessions that provide ongoing activities to aid their ability to engage in healthy social interactions. However, less is known about how K–12 schools might implement programs for this group of individuals to provide additional opportunities for growth, or even if and how school programs would be of assistance in the end. There is a gap in understanding the possibilities of implementing such programs in schools to foster the social and mental health of children with autism. The six articles I selected for this assignment present research on different types of therapeutic programs that have been used to promote social interactions in children with autism.
Annotated Bibliography on Autism
Wimpory, D. C., & Nash, S. (1999). Musical interaction therapy – therapeutic play for children with autism. Child Language and Teaching Therapy, 15(1), 17–28. https://doi.org/10.1177/026565909901500103
Wimpory and Nash provided a case study
for implementing music interaction therapy as part of play therapy aimed at cultivating communication skills in infants with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). The researchers based their argument on films taken of play-based therapy sessions that introduced music interaction therapy. To assess the success of music play, Wimpory and Nash filmed the follow-up play-based interaction between the parent and the child. The follow-up interactions revealed that 20 months after the introduction of music play, the child developed prolonged playful interaction with both the psychologist and the parent. The follow-up films also revealed that the child initiated spontaneously pretend play during these later sessions. After the introduction of music, the child began to develop appropriate language skills.
Since the publication date for this case study is 1999, the results are dated. Although this study found that music interaction therapy is useful, emerging research in the field has undoubtedly changed in the time since this article was published. Wimpory and Nash wrote this article for a specific audience, including psychologists and researchers working with infants diagnosed with ASD. Their focus means that others beyond these fields may not find the findings applicable to their work.
I am interested in the role of music in therapy to foster social and mental health in children with ASD. Therefore, Wimpory and Nash’s research is useful to me for background information on the implementation of music into play-based therapy in infants with ASD. Wimpory and Nash presented a basis for this t ...
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So you tried all the ways to beautify your bullet points on your pitch deck but it just got way uglier. These points are supposed to be memorable and leave a lasting impression on your audience. With these tips, you'll no longer have to spend so much time thinking how you should present your pointers.
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Methodologically, this research employs a comprehensive approach, combining qualitative and quantitative analyses. Real-world case studies illustrate the impact of branding, social media campaigns, and website redesigns on consumer perception, sales figures, and profitability. We assess the various metrics, including brand awareness, customer engagement, conversion rates, and revenue growth, to measure the effectiveness of these strategies.
The results underscore the pivotal role of cohesive branding, social media influence, and website usability in shaping positive brand perceptions, influencing consumer decisions, and ultimately bolstering sales and profitability. This paper provides actionable insights and strategic recommendations for businesses seeking to leverage branding, social media, and website design as potent tools to enhance their market position and financial success.
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Book Formatting: Quality Control Checks for DesignersConfidence Ago
This presentation was made to help designers who work in publishing houses or format books for printing ensure quality.
Quality control is vital to every industry. This is why every department in a company need create a method they use in ensuring quality. This, perhaps, will not only improve the quality of products and bring errors to the barest minimum, but take it to a near perfect finish.
It is beyond a moot point that a good book will somewhat be judged by its cover, but the content of the book remains king. No matter how beautiful the cover, if the quality of writing or presentation is off, that will be a reason for readers not to come back to the book or recommend it.
So, this presentation points designers to some important things that may be missed by an editor that they could eventually discover and call the attention of the editor.
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2. Literature Search First
• What has been done and what can you
say that’s new?
• Be thorough in your search:---a high
sensitivity/low specificity search.
3. The Process of Paper Writing
• Create an outline first
• Plan on multiple drafts:
– Filename with dates
– One filename written over with new draft
• Tables/figures early: prompt more analysis
• Deadlines for you and coauthors
4. The Introduction
Knee Pain, Why?
Element of Introduction Function
Context Identification of the context
(background of the study)
Issue Discussion of problem areas in your
fields that have been known
Gap Statement of what questions/issues
remained to answer
Research Goals Explanation of how your research will
contribute in filling some gaps.
5. Example of Introduction
Elements Sentence
Context COVID-19-related concerns surfaced because this viral infection is
considered to be a state of increased risk of severe illness, as was reported
in previous outbreaks and in a study from Italy during the COVID-19
pandemic (Mateo, 2020). In a recent study of Centers for Disease Control
and Prevention, women were strongly advised to self-isolate regardless of
quarantine periods (Nielsen, 2021).
Issue Several studies regarding PPD in the pandemic have already been published
(Mateo, 2020; Foulon, 2021), and the first meta-analysis15 suggests that
the pooled prevalence of PPD is 22%, representing a higher rate than before
the pandemic. Studies assessing PPD at 6 weeks postpartum revealed a
prevalence of PPD up to 34%.
Gap Concerning PPD, however, to the best of our knowledge there are no
studies assessing its prevalence during COVID-19 pandemic in Greece
Research Goals Given this gap in the literature, we aim to assess the prevalence of PPD and
anxiety symptoms in the Greek puerperal women and to evaluate the
association of COVID-19 related concerns with antenatal anxiety and PPD
symptoms.
6. Tenses used in Introduction
• Simple present tense is generally used to begin the
introduction in order to describe the general
background context, i.e what is known already.
Example: In this framework, pregnant women are
reported to have higher levels of anxiety.
• Present perfect tense is then used to report studies
about the topic that has been conducted before.
Example: Several studies regarding PPD in the pandemic
have already been published.
7. TASK 1
In pairs, find what other language phrases
that you can use to state gap(s) and research
goal(s).
8. Literature Review
There are two types of a literature review: theoretical framework and
empirical review.
The theoretical framework includes theory/theories that informs a
study/data analysis.
The empirical review comprises previous studies along with key
findings. As a rule of thumb, the empirical review summarizes a
research context, questions, purposes, methodology, and key findings
of the previous studies.
Notes: Some journals may ask you to include a brief literature
review, others may not.
9. Tenses used in Literature Review
• Use the past tense (e.g., researchers presented) or the present perfect (e.g.,
researchers have presented) for the literature review and the description of
the procedure if discussing past events.
• Use the past tense to describe the results (e.g., test
scores improved significantly).
• Use the present tense to discuss implications of the results and present
conclusions (e.g., the results of the study show…).
• When explaining what an author or researcher wrote or did, use the past
tense.
• Patterson (2012) presented, found, stated, discovered…
• However, there can be a shift to the present tense if the research findings still
hold true:
• King (2010) found that revising a document three times improves the
final grade.
• Smith (2016) discovered that the treatment is effective.
10. Research Method
Elements Function
Research Design The research design is identification of the
specific strategy of inquiry to be used.
Participants Describe the participant of your research (and
what sample used to determine the
participant)
Instruments Describe the instrument(s) used to collect the
data
Procedures Explain the procedure to collect the data
Data Analysis Explain how the data were analyzed (using
what?)
11. Example of Research Method
Elements Example
Research
Design
This is a multicenter two-phase observational prospective cohort study
Participants The second phase was conducted at 6–8 weeks postpartum by telephone and all
women were asked to complete the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale
(EPDS). This is because PPD usually manifests at 6–8 weeks postpartum and in
order to avoid the confounding impact of maternity blues (30–80% during the first
15 days postpartum).
Instruments Sociodemographic and pregnancy variables were collected through a
questionnaire and medical records. COVID-19 related concerns were collected
using a 38-items structured questionnaire grouped in 5 domains (pregnancy,
family, adequacy of information, obstetrics/gynecology, and anesthetic concerns).
Procedures Each local investigator explained the aims of the study and a written informed
consent was signed. The set of Phase 1 questionnaires (Generalized Anxiety
DisorderGAD-7 and a self-reported questionnaire about COVID-19 related
concerns) was administered to all parturients.
Data Analysis All statistical analyses were performed using the Statistical Package for the Social
Sciences (SPSS) version 26 for Mac. The primary outcome variable was the EPDS
score at 6–8 weeks postpartum. To assess the association of COVID-19 related
concerns with anxiety and depressive symptoms, Pearson’s correlations tests were
carried out, followed by partial correlations adjusted for age, demographic and
obstetric variables.
12. Tenses used in research methods
Most research methods sections are written in the past simple using
the passive form. The past simple is required because the actions you
describe took place in the past (i.e. before you started to write your
paper).
• Example: To investigate the research questions and hypotheses,
authors administered an online survey.
In the research methods section passive voice is appropriate to use.
The passive is considered as good style here because the focus is on
what was done rather than who did it.
• Example: Participants for the study were recruited via Facebook, the
platform where the majority of Expo related conversations took place
on the web.
13. The Results Section
In principle, findings consist of two main elements i.e.
1. Data presentation is the way the writer presents the
data using graph, chart, table, etc (for quantitative) or
description, interview excerpt, observation result, and
responses of open-ended questionnaire (for
qualitative)
2. Reading data, on the other hand, is the description of
data presentation.
15. continue… Reading data
Figure 1 shows the mean scores for the items related to
COVID-19 concerns. Concerns about pregnancy and
pandemic and transmission to fetus/newborn were
moderate. They also seemed quite worried about the
health of older children (5.4±3.2). Moreover, antenatal
care seemed mildly affected due to the pandemic;
however, a proportion of 36% (n=119) reported a
decrease in willingness to attend antenatal education
courses and a similar proportion of 34% (n=112) reported
fewer antenatal visits to an obstetrician/gynecologist than
planned.
16. Tenses used in results section
• Past tense for results obtained
Examples:
1. Overall, more than 70% of the insects collected
were non-phytophagous.
2. Results indicated that prolonged exposure to
ultra-violet radiation had a positive correlation
with the development of melanomas.
• Present tense to refer to figures, tables and graphs As
in the previous sections, use the present tense when
you refer to figures, tables and graphs.
17. The Discussion Section
• State the Major Findings/ Results
It is important to summarize the major findings or results in the first paragraph of
discussion. This is aimed at connecting your explanation of the major findings to the
research questions stated in the introduction section.
• Relate the Findings to Similar Studies
This is essential because comparing and contrasting the findings of other studies helps to
support the overall importance of your results and it highlights how and in what ways your
study differs from other research about the topic.
• Limitation of the study
It can be related to the weakness in terms of method of the study, the number of
participants, the ways of getting the sample of the study, and the method of participant
recruitment.
• Recommendation for future research
This essential for other researchers to give research ideas for them. This is because
the recommendation for future research contains things that could be addressed in the
next research such as different research questions, research settings, participants, data
collection techniques, and data analysis techniques.
18. Element Example
State the major
findings
The findings reveal that the prevalence of PPD at 6 weeks
postpartum was 13.2%.
Relate the
findings with
previous studies
These results regarding the prevalence of PPD prior to the
pandemic have revealed similar rates with the previous
studies. Gonidakis, et al. (2021) found that the prevalence
of PPD one month after delivery was 12.5% using the cut-
off point of 12. Similarly, Koutra et al. (2021), using the
same cut-off with our study (≥13), found that the prevalence
of PPD was 13.6% at 8 weeks postpartum.
Limitation There are several limitations that need to be addressed. One
lies in its cross-sectional nature. Yet it involves 5 centers
throughout Greece. Moreover, it assesses depressive
symptoms at 6 weeks postpartum in order to avoid the
‘baby blues’ period.
Recommendation Future longitudinal research is needed to better identify
high risk parturients and to provide the best maternal and
child care both prenatal and postnatal.
19. Useful Expressions for Writing Discussion Section
• If your findings/results are similar to those from previous studies, you
can use :
- These findings support a research/ study that/ by __________
- Previous studies on__________ report similar results to this study.
- These results match those observed in earlier studies.
• If your findings/results are in contrast to those from previous
research, you can use:
- The overall results are in contrast to those from previous research
conducted with/ by ________
- However, the findings of the current study do not support the
previous research.
- However, this result has not previously been described.
20. Conclusion
• Summary of research results functions to highlight the key findings in your analysis
or result section. In this study, the summary of research result is the result of
hypothesis testing which will be connected to the research questions.
• Implications of the study suggest how the findings may be important for policy,
practice, theory, and subsequent research.
21. Example
Element Example
Summary of
research results
PPD rates according to our results did not increase during
the first phase of the pandemic in Greece. It is known that
many people do not develop psychopathology soon after a
traumatic event and this may be the case in our sample.
Implications of
the study
Maternity care providers should employ an informative
well-structured antenatal program in respect to the
parturients’ concerns related to this pandemic. If restrictive
measures are implemented, telephone contacts, video calls
with the specialists or online antenatal courses could be
applied. In such antenatal programs, enhancement of social
support of pregnant women (e.g. involvement of husband
and other close relatives) should be included.
22. A brief synopsis of writing an
abstract
• It is a minipaper:
– Introduction (with research objective(a))
– Methods
– Results
– Conclusion and implications
• Like a paper, requires many drafts, most
oriented to presenting argument concisely