Explain the underlying reason that cell membranes have a bilayer str.pdf

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Explain the underlying reason that cell membranes have a bilayer structure. Solution Cells are lined by a membrane that is plasma membrane is protecting interior of a cell and selective permeability and monitor which material enter and exit in a cell. The ability of plasma membrane to determine which material can move in and out of a cell is due to the molecule found in cell and the presence of lipid bilayer. Phospholipids are the primary lipid molecule found in lipid bilayer. Phospholipid is unique molecule because it have hydrophilic region (water loving region) the head and hydrophobic region (water phobic) the tail. Hydrophilic region can interact with water molecule because it have phosphate group which is a polar group and can interact with a polar molecule like water and glucose whereas the hydrophobic region did not interact with water. The interior of a cell is primarily made up water and the exterior is surrounded by watery fluid this means the plasma membrane could not possibly consist just one layer of phospholipids this is because in this condition the one side the hydrophobic tail would have to interact with the watery region. So cell have evolved to have two layer of phospholipid the bilayer creates a sandwich arrangement where the hydrophilic heads face the watery environment and the tails are inside the layer. Bilayers are particularly impermeable to ions, which allows cells to regulate salt concentrations and pH by transporting ions across their membranes using proteins called ion pumps..

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INTRODUCTION plasma membrane is also known as cell membrane or cytoplasm membrane. It is the biological membrane, separates interior of the cell from the outside environment. Selective permeable to Ions and organic molecules. Its basic function is to protect the cell from its surroundings. It consists of the phospholipids bilayer with embedded proteins. Cell membranes are involved in:cell adhesion, ion conductivity and cell signaling and serve as the attachment surface for several extracellular structures.

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The current model of cellular membranes is called PB and J sandwich molecular mosaic fluid mosaic plasma membrane Which characteristic apply to the phospholipid membrane? It is primarily a hydrophobic bilayer. Phospholipids are amphipathic Proteins are imbedded within the phospholipids. The imbedded molecules can move freely within the membrane All are important characteristics of the Cholesterol molecules in the membrane act to modulate temperature dependent viscosity and fluidity of the membrane. moderate the effects of a high fat diet promote fluidity in the membrane. allow for better membrane compaction and integrity. allow transport across the membrane. One important feature of membranes in the endomembrane system is that they can move freely from cell to cell. freely bleb off of and then onto other components of this network. they contain small pieces of independently replicating DNA. they move from the trans side of the membrane to the cis side. t Solution 1. Fluid mosaic model. Fluid mosaic model for plasma membrane proposed by Jonathan Singer and Garth Nicolson is universally acceoted model for plasma membrane. 2. All are important characteristics. Phospholipid molecules are hydrophobic and amphipathic. Which means that posess polar head and non polar tails. Some of the protien molecules are embedded in the phospholipid layer and these moelcules are free to move due to fluid nature of plasma membrane. 3. Allows better membrane compaction and integrity. Cholesterol is an amphipathic molecule like phospholipids. It contains a hydrophilic and a hydrophobic portion. Cholesterol\'s hydroxyl (OH) group aligns with the phosphate heads of the phospholipids. The remaining portion of it tucks into the fatty acid portion of the membrane. Because of the way cholesterol is shaped, part of the steroid ring (the four hydrocarbon rings in between the hydroxyl group and the hydrocarbon \"tail\") is closely attracted to part of the fatty acid chain on the nearest phospholipid. This helps slightly immobilize the outer surface of the membrane and make it less soluble to very small water-soluble molecules that could otherwise pass through more easily. 4. They contain transport enzymes..

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