Use the Capella library to locate two psychology research articles: a quantitative methods article and a qualitative methods article. These do not need to be on the same topic, but if you have a research topic in mind for your proposal (see Assessment 5), you may wish to pick something similar for this assessment. Read each article carefully.
Then, in a 2–3-page assessment, address the following elements:
1 Summarize the research question and hypothesis, the research methods, and the overall findings.
2 Compare the research methodologies used in each study. In what ways are the methodologies similar? In what ways are they different? (Be sure to use the technical psychological terms we are studying.)
3 Describe the sample and sample size for each study. Which one used a larger sample and why? How were participants selected?
4 Describe the data collection process for each study. What methods were used to collect the data? Surveys? Observations? Interviews? Be specific and discuss the instruments or measures fully—what do they measure? How is the test designed?
5 Summarize the data analysis process for each study. How was the data analyzed? Were statistics used? Were interviews coded?
6 In conclusion, craft 1–2 paragraphs explaining how these two articles illustrate the main differences between quantitative and qualitative research.
Additional Requirements
· Written communication: Written communication should be free of errors that detract from the overall message.
· APA formatting: Your assessment should be formatted according to APA (6th ed.) style and formatting.
· Length: A typical response will be 2–3 typed and double-spaced pages.
Font and font size: Times New Roman, 12 point.
Research Methods
There are many different types of research studies, and the type of study that is done depends very much on the research question. Some studies demand strictly numerical data, such as a comparison of GPA among different college majors or weight loss among different types of eating programs. Others require more in-depth data, like interview responses. Such studies might include the lived experience of people that have been through a terrorist attack or understanding the experience of being physically disabled on a college campus. While there are a number of different types of studies that can be done, all of them fall under two basic categories: quantitative and qualitative.
Quantitative Research
Quantitative research deals with numerical data. This means that any topic you study in a quantitative study must be quantifiable—grades, weight, height, depression, and intelligence are all things that can be quantified on some scale of measurement. Quantitative data is often considered hard data—numbers are seen as concrete, irrefutable evidence, but we have to take into account a number of factors that could impact such data. Errors in measurement and recording of such data, as well as the influence of other factors outside those in the study, make for ...
OverviewAs a social science student, it is vitally important t.docxkarlhennesey
Overview
As a social science student, it is vitally important that you become an educated consumer of social science research, even if you never get to conduct an actual research study.
You need to have a basic understanding of the steps in the scientific process, a familiarity with commonly used social science research designs and methods, and a knowledge of procedures for collecting and analyzing social science data.
This module provides very basic information about these topics. It addresses the following subjects:
· the scientific method
· qualitative and quantitative research
· data analysis and presentation
· discipline-specific research designs and methods The Scientific Method
The scientific method is a form of inquiry that was originally developed to answer questions in the natural sciences. The scientific method uses systematic observation and measurement to confirm or disconfirm hypotheses that most often are derived from underlying theories.
When a hypothesis is confirmed, it lends support to the underlying theory. When it is not confirmed, researchers must reformulate the theory and come up with other explanations. Scientists share their findings by presenting at conferences or publishing in peer-reviewed journals. Sharing results with the research world is an important part of the scientific method because science is an iterative activity.
As social scientists, we have a great challenge. Because we cannot exert complete control over human behavior, it is not possible to conduct true experiments. Real life cannot be captured in a lab, and human behavior cannot be explained by one or even two causes. This makes it difficult to determine "cause and effect." For example, if we are interested in knowing why poor people have compromised health outcomes, we would need to account for an impossibly large number of factors or variables such as race, ethnicity, genetic markers, income, education level, access to health care services, and living conditions.
Steps for Conducting a Research Study
Figure 4.1
Steps for Conducting a Research Study
Source: UMUC PSYC 100.
The use of the scientific method allows researchers to develop explanations of social science phenomena. The steps of the research process are explained from a psychological perspective in this tutorial (Bradley, 2000).
Step 1: Make an Observation
The starting place for any research study is an observation (idea) regarding a topic of interest to you, the researcher. It may come from a conversation with a friend, a book or television program, or the conclusion of a related research project. All that is needed at this point is your interest in pursuing the topic further.
Let's take an example that we will use for all of the steps in the process. You observe that you are able to memorize items such as telephone numbers better when you eat candy. Because of this, you wonder if there is a connection between the primary component of candy (sugar) and memory.
Step 2: Propose a Hypoth ...
Qualitative Research Methods Essay
What Is The Generic Qualitative Approach? Essay
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Importance Of Qualitative Research
Qualitative Exploratory Essay
Qualitative Research Strategy
Qualitative Research Evaluation Essay
Qualitative Research Methods
Qualitative vs. Quantitative Research Essay
Qualitative Research Questions
Qualitative Research
Essay on Qualitative and Quantitative Research
Methodology Qualitative And Qualitative Research
Qualitative Research
Qualitative Research Essay
The Goal Of Qualitative Research Essay
Essay On Qualitative Research
Amanda WattenburgThursdayJul 26 at 724pmManage Discussioncheryllwashburn
Amanda Wattenburg
ThursdayJul 26 at 7:24pm
Manage Discussion Entry
Link to screen cast-o-matic:
https://screencast-o-matic.com/watch/cFitVbFMms (Links to an external site.)Links to an external site.
Script:
A brief introduction
Studying cognitive functioning is important as these processes impact individual’s behavior and emotions (Heeramun-Aubeeluck et al., 2015). Various factors can impact cognitive functioning. A disorder known to impact cognition is psychosis. Thus, it is essential to examine psychosis and how these psychotic experiences effect cognitive functioning over time.
Devise a specific research question related to the topic you chose in Week One.
How does psychosis effect cognitive functioning over time in patients who have experienced first-episode psychosis?
Explain the importance of the topic and research question.
Psychosis is a mental state in which individuals experience a loss of touch with reality(Boychuk, Lysaght, & Stuart, 2018). Psychosis may lead to additional occurrences or may indicate signs of a mental health disorder. It is important to examine the cognitive impairment that is caused as a result of psychotic episodes. In addition, this would unfold information that may lead to the importance of treating psychosis when the first signs are noticed in hopes of decreasing the chances of psychosis leading to a mental disorder.
A brief literature review
Zaytseva, Korsokava, Agius, & Gurovich (2013) and Bora & Murray (2014) discovered altered cognitive functioning exists prior to onset or before the prodrome stage. In addition, Bohus & Miclutia (2014) indicate that cognitive functioning at first-episode psychosis was not as strong. Thus, it can be concluded that cognitive functioning impairment occurs prior to first-episode onset however, there is varying research that indicates the impact on cognitive functioning as time goes on. Popolo, Vinci, & Balbi (2010) conducted a year-long study on neurocognitive functioning amongst children and adolescent patients with first-episode psychosis. Cognitive impairment is indicated in early psychosis onset thus the study focused on examining cognitive impairments. Several cognitive assessments were given to patients and the results were evaluated. The results of the cognitive assessments indicated that adolescents with first-episode psychosis (FEP) have neurocognitive impairments. In addition, psychotic patient’s cognitive deficiencies do not decline over the course of the psychotic disorder. However, according to the article
Neurocognitive functioning before and after the first psychotic episode: does psychosis result in cognitive deterioration? (2010)
, the results indicated that there is no decline in cognitive functioning during the first psychotic episode. This indicates a gap in research of the effect psychotic episodes has on cognitive functioning.
Evaluate published research studies on your topic found during your work on the Weeks One, Two, and ...
OverviewAs a social science student, it is vitally important t.docxkarlhennesey
Overview
As a social science student, it is vitally important that you become an educated consumer of social science research, even if you never get to conduct an actual research study.
You need to have a basic understanding of the steps in the scientific process, a familiarity with commonly used social science research designs and methods, and a knowledge of procedures for collecting and analyzing social science data.
This module provides very basic information about these topics. It addresses the following subjects:
· the scientific method
· qualitative and quantitative research
· data analysis and presentation
· discipline-specific research designs and methods The Scientific Method
The scientific method is a form of inquiry that was originally developed to answer questions in the natural sciences. The scientific method uses systematic observation and measurement to confirm or disconfirm hypotheses that most often are derived from underlying theories.
When a hypothesis is confirmed, it lends support to the underlying theory. When it is not confirmed, researchers must reformulate the theory and come up with other explanations. Scientists share their findings by presenting at conferences or publishing in peer-reviewed journals. Sharing results with the research world is an important part of the scientific method because science is an iterative activity.
As social scientists, we have a great challenge. Because we cannot exert complete control over human behavior, it is not possible to conduct true experiments. Real life cannot be captured in a lab, and human behavior cannot be explained by one or even two causes. This makes it difficult to determine "cause and effect." For example, if we are interested in knowing why poor people have compromised health outcomes, we would need to account for an impossibly large number of factors or variables such as race, ethnicity, genetic markers, income, education level, access to health care services, and living conditions.
Steps for Conducting a Research Study
Figure 4.1
Steps for Conducting a Research Study
Source: UMUC PSYC 100.
The use of the scientific method allows researchers to develop explanations of social science phenomena. The steps of the research process are explained from a psychological perspective in this tutorial (Bradley, 2000).
Step 1: Make an Observation
The starting place for any research study is an observation (idea) regarding a topic of interest to you, the researcher. It may come from a conversation with a friend, a book or television program, or the conclusion of a related research project. All that is needed at this point is your interest in pursuing the topic further.
Let's take an example that we will use for all of the steps in the process. You observe that you are able to memorize items such as telephone numbers better when you eat candy. Because of this, you wonder if there is a connection between the primary component of candy (sugar) and memory.
Step 2: Propose a Hypoth ...
Qualitative Research Methods Essay
What Is The Generic Qualitative Approach? Essay
Qualitative Reflection
Qualitative Research Essay
Importance Of Qualitative Research
Qualitative Exploratory Essay
Qualitative Research Strategy
Qualitative Research Evaluation Essay
Qualitative Research Methods
Qualitative vs. Quantitative Research Essay
Qualitative Research Questions
Qualitative Research
Essay on Qualitative and Quantitative Research
Methodology Qualitative And Qualitative Research
Qualitative Research
Qualitative Research Essay
The Goal Of Qualitative Research Essay
Essay On Qualitative Research
Amanda WattenburgThursdayJul 26 at 724pmManage Discussioncheryllwashburn
Amanda Wattenburg
ThursdayJul 26 at 7:24pm
Manage Discussion Entry
Link to screen cast-o-matic:
https://screencast-o-matic.com/watch/cFitVbFMms (Links to an external site.)Links to an external site.
Script:
A brief introduction
Studying cognitive functioning is important as these processes impact individual’s behavior and emotions (Heeramun-Aubeeluck et al., 2015). Various factors can impact cognitive functioning. A disorder known to impact cognition is psychosis. Thus, it is essential to examine psychosis and how these psychotic experiences effect cognitive functioning over time.
Devise a specific research question related to the topic you chose in Week One.
How does psychosis effect cognitive functioning over time in patients who have experienced first-episode psychosis?
Explain the importance of the topic and research question.
Psychosis is a mental state in which individuals experience a loss of touch with reality(Boychuk, Lysaght, & Stuart, 2018). Psychosis may lead to additional occurrences or may indicate signs of a mental health disorder. It is important to examine the cognitive impairment that is caused as a result of psychotic episodes. In addition, this would unfold information that may lead to the importance of treating psychosis when the first signs are noticed in hopes of decreasing the chances of psychosis leading to a mental disorder.
A brief literature review
Zaytseva, Korsokava, Agius, & Gurovich (2013) and Bora & Murray (2014) discovered altered cognitive functioning exists prior to onset or before the prodrome stage. In addition, Bohus & Miclutia (2014) indicate that cognitive functioning at first-episode psychosis was not as strong. Thus, it can be concluded that cognitive functioning impairment occurs prior to first-episode onset however, there is varying research that indicates the impact on cognitive functioning as time goes on. Popolo, Vinci, & Balbi (2010) conducted a year-long study on neurocognitive functioning amongst children and adolescent patients with first-episode psychosis. Cognitive impairment is indicated in early psychosis onset thus the study focused on examining cognitive impairments. Several cognitive assessments were given to patients and the results were evaluated. The results of the cognitive assessments indicated that adolescents with first-episode psychosis (FEP) have neurocognitive impairments. In addition, psychotic patient’s cognitive deficiencies do not decline over the course of the psychotic disorder. However, according to the article
Neurocognitive functioning before and after the first psychotic episode: does psychosis result in cognitive deterioration? (2010)
, the results indicated that there is no decline in cognitive functioning during the first psychotic episode. This indicates a gap in research of the effect psychotic episodes has on cognitive functioning.
Evaluate published research studies on your topic found during your work on the Weeks One, Two, and ...
Applied Research Essay example
Ethics in Research Essay
Research Critique Essay example
Essay on Types Of Research
Methodology of Research Essay examples
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Essay about Sampling
Sample Methodology Essay
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Experimental Research Designs Essay
Sampling Methods Essay
For my final project I am choosing the environmental influences on.docxrhetttrevannion
For my final project I am choosing the environmental influences on personality particularly about childhood experiences and their effect on an individual’s personalities. I am contrasting childhood experiences that are caused by their environment to the effect on their personality, I will use the correlation research method. A questionnaire will be used in order to obtain the information I would need. This method would admit me to have a larger sample base, have a better image of the relationship, and numerous variables providing for better research circumstances down the road. The disadvantage to this technique would be, I would not have a personal relationship from those apart of the study and this could cause a lack of dishonesty. Second, establishing a questionnaire that was both dependable and accurate could be an issue. Lastly, I would only get a view at what those in the group went through.
Ethically, I would run into a problem of confidentiality and making sure all of the questionnaires were kept secret and those taking them were offered secrecy. Anyone who take part in the activity would be able to eliminate themselves from the research if they wanted to and if they left the documents it would be destroyed. I would maintain their best interest and would be real and honest with them regarding what the study is being used for and why it was being done. Still, because there isn’t a personal relationship but just general on this could be difficult to prove and cause doubt and that could be an ethical crisis.
References:
APA Ethical Principles of Psychologists and Code of Conduct (2017) (PDF, 272KB)
APA Manual (Publication manual of the American Psychological Association). (2010). Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.
Cervone, D. (2019). Personality theory and research (14th ed.). Danvers, MA: John Wiley &sons.
1
PSY 216 LITERATURE REVIEW TEMPLATE 7
PSY 216 Literature Review Template
Student Name
Institution Affiliation
Course Number and Name
Submission Date
Article One
What is the title of the article? Provide a citation for the article in APA format.
Birth Order Effects on Personality and Various Achievement within Families.
Paulhus, D.L., Trapnell, P.D.,& Chen, D. (1999). Birth Order Effects on Personality and various Achievement within Families. Psychology Science, 10(6), 482-488.
What is the purpose of the article, and how does the purpose relate to personality development?
The main objective of this research article is generally to investigate on the effect of character and diverse achievements that occur due to confinement order.
What is the hypothesis of the study? In other words, what claims do the authors make in the article?
Throughout the literature review reading, it is clear that firstborn mostly stayed nominated as attaining and contentious. Concurrent, most children, born later, were profoundly stated to be most insubordinate and courteous.
What variables (factors) are being looked .
Research Critique Essay example
Advantages Of Quantitative Research
Essay on Characteristics of Research
Hypothesis and Research Question Essay example
A Research Study On Research
Methodology of Research Essay examples
Ethics in Research Essay
Mba
English 101 Research Paper
Ba 3129 Chapter 4
The Purpose Of Research Design Essay
Experimental Research Designs Essay
Importance And Purpose Of Research Essay
Research Problem
Essay on Types Of Research
Essay on Research methods exam
What I Have Learned About Research
A Qualitative Research Question Paper
Applied Research Essay example
Ethics in Research Essay
Research Critique Essay example
Essay on Types Of Research
Methodology of Research Essay examples
Qualitative Research Evaluation Essay
Essay about Sampling
Sample Methodology Essay
Research Methods Essay
Fundamentals of Research Essay
Experimental Research Designs Essay
Sampling Methods Essay
For my final project I am choosing the environmental influences on.docxrhetttrevannion
For my final project I am choosing the environmental influences on personality particularly about childhood experiences and their effect on an individual’s personalities. I am contrasting childhood experiences that are caused by their environment to the effect on their personality, I will use the correlation research method. A questionnaire will be used in order to obtain the information I would need. This method would admit me to have a larger sample base, have a better image of the relationship, and numerous variables providing for better research circumstances down the road. The disadvantage to this technique would be, I would not have a personal relationship from those apart of the study and this could cause a lack of dishonesty. Second, establishing a questionnaire that was both dependable and accurate could be an issue. Lastly, I would only get a view at what those in the group went through.
Ethically, I would run into a problem of confidentiality and making sure all of the questionnaires were kept secret and those taking them were offered secrecy. Anyone who take part in the activity would be able to eliminate themselves from the research if they wanted to and if they left the documents it would be destroyed. I would maintain their best interest and would be real and honest with them regarding what the study is being used for and why it was being done. Still, because there isn’t a personal relationship but just general on this could be difficult to prove and cause doubt and that could be an ethical crisis.
References:
APA Ethical Principles of Psychologists and Code of Conduct (2017) (PDF, 272KB)
APA Manual (Publication manual of the American Psychological Association). (2010). Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.
Cervone, D. (2019). Personality theory and research (14th ed.). Danvers, MA: John Wiley &sons.
1
PSY 216 LITERATURE REVIEW TEMPLATE 7
PSY 216 Literature Review Template
Student Name
Institution Affiliation
Course Number and Name
Submission Date
Article One
What is the title of the article? Provide a citation for the article in APA format.
Birth Order Effects on Personality and Various Achievement within Families.
Paulhus, D.L., Trapnell, P.D.,& Chen, D. (1999). Birth Order Effects on Personality and various Achievement within Families. Psychology Science, 10(6), 482-488.
What is the purpose of the article, and how does the purpose relate to personality development?
The main objective of this research article is generally to investigate on the effect of character and diverse achievements that occur due to confinement order.
What is the hypothesis of the study? In other words, what claims do the authors make in the article?
Throughout the literature review reading, it is clear that firstborn mostly stayed nominated as attaining and contentious. Concurrent, most children, born later, were profoundly stated to be most insubordinate and courteous.
What variables (factors) are being looked .
Research Critique Essay example
Advantages Of Quantitative Research
Essay on Characteristics of Research
Hypothesis and Research Question Essay example
A Research Study On Research
Methodology of Research Essay examples
Ethics in Research Essay
Mba
English 101 Research Paper
Ba 3129 Chapter 4
The Purpose Of Research Design Essay
Experimental Research Designs Essay
Importance And Purpose Of Research Essay
Research Problem
Essay on Types Of Research
Essay on Research methods exam
What I Have Learned About Research
A Qualitative Research Question Paper
Read| The latest issue of The Challenger is here! We are thrilled to announce that our school paper has qualified for the NATIONAL SCHOOLS PRESS CONFERENCE (NSPC) 2024. Thank you for your unwavering support and trust. Dive into the stories that made us stand out!
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An EFL lesson about the current events in Palestine. It is intended to be for intermediate students who wish to increase their listening skills through a short lesson in power point.
TESDA TM1 REVIEWER FOR NATIONAL ASSESSMENT WRITTEN AND ORAL QUESTIONS WITH A...
Use the Capella library to locate two psychology research articles.docx
1. Use the Capella library to locate two psychology research
articles: a quantitative methods article and a qualitative
methods article. These do not need to be on the same topic, but
if you have a research topic in mind for your proposal (see
Assessment 5), you may wish to pick something similar for this
assessment. Read each article carefully.
Then, in a 2–3-page assessment, address the following elements:
1 Summarize the research question and hypothesis, the research
methods, and the overall findings.
2 Compare the research methodologies used in each study. In
what ways are the methodologies similar? In what ways are they
different? (Be sure to use the technical psychological terms we
are studying.)
3 Describe the sample and sample size for each study. Which
one used a larger sample and why? How were participants
selected?
4 Describe the data collection process for each study. What
methods were used to collect the data? Surveys? Observations?
Interviews? Be specific and discuss the instruments or measures
fully—what do they measure? How is the test designed?
5 Summarize the data analysis process for each study. How was
the data analyzed? Were statistics used? Were interviews
coded?
6 In conclusion, craft 1–2 paragraphs explaining how these two
articles illustrate the main differences between quantitative and
qualitative research.
Additional Requirements
· Written communication: Written communication should be
free of errors that detract from the overall message.
· APA formatting: Your assessment should be formatted
according to APA (6th ed.) style and formatting.
· Length: A typical response will be 2–3 typed and double-
spaced pages.
Font and font size: Times New Roman, 12 point.
2. Research Methods
There are many different types of research studies, and the type
of study that is done depends very much on the research
question. Some studies demand strictly numerical data, such as
a comparison of GPA among different college majors or weight
loss among different types of eating programs. Others require
more in-depth data, like interview responses. Such studies
might include the lived experience of people that have been
through a terrorist attack or understanding the experience of
being physically disabled on a college campus. While there are
a number of different types of studies that can be done, all of
them fall under two basic categories: quantitative and
qualitative.
Quantitative Research
Quantitative research deals with numerical data. This means
that any topic you study in a quantitative study must be
quantifiable—grades, weight, height, depression, and
intelligence are all things that can be quantified on some scale
of measurement. Quantitative data is often considered hard
data—numbers are seen as concrete, irrefutable evidence, but
we have to take into account a number of factors that could
impact such data. Errors in measurement and recording of such
data, as well as the influence of other factors outside those in
the study, make for some limitations of this kind of research.
Some examples of quantitative studies include the following:
· Depression levels of widowed fathers: A comparison of fathers
who lost their wives at different times in their child's life.
· Comparing two approaches for increasing medication
compliance in schizophrenia patients.
· Grade point average and alcohol intake: A correlational study.
Qualitative Research
Qualitative research deals with verbal and observational data.
3. The primary data collection tool in qualitative research is the
personal interview. Interview responses are transcribed and
analyzed for their content, and in the case of multiple
participants, compared for common themes in that content.
Qualitative data paint a rich picture of a person or group of
people in an attempt to better understand their experience.
Many students assume qualitative research is easier than
quantitative research because there are no numbers, thus no
math, but, in fact, the opposite is often true. Qualitative
research is far more intense and in depth and the level of
analysis in such studies requires a lot of training to master
(Salkind, 2012).
Some examples of qualitative research include the following:
· The lived experience of widowed single fathers of infants.
· Doctors' experience of working with noncompliant patients.
· College drinking: Understanding the reasons behind the
behavior.
The Research Report
Research is presented to the scientific community in the form of
a research report. These reports are published in scientific
journals which are peer reviewed, meaning that other
researchers have reviewed the research to make sure it is
scientifically valid. In order to understand a research report, it
is important to know how it is structured.
Research reports are basically structured around the process of
scientific inquiry: the scientific method. The scientific method
comprises five steps:
· Observe a phenomenon and review the literature.
· Develop a research question or hypothesis.
· Choose a research method and conduct the study.
· Analyze the results.
· Report the results.
It is fitting that a research report also has five basic sections:
· Introduction.
· Literature Review.
· Method.
4. · Results.
· Conclusions.
Each step of the scientific method fits into one of these
sections. In the Introduction of a research paper, the researcher
will state the research problem of interest, identifying the
observed phenomenon. In the Literature Review, the researcher
will explore the research question that has arisen as a result of
this observation, noting what research has already been done on
the topic in order to identify a logical path toward a new
research question that needs to be answered. In the Method
section, the researcher will lay out a plan for testing the
hypothesis they have created from their review of the existing
literature. The fourth section, Results, details the data
collection and analysis process wherein the researcher tests the
hypothesis. Finally, in the Conclusions section of the report,
those results are reported in terms of their application to the
field of psychology and the larger context of everyday life.
Research Questions
Research is first and foremost about questions. All research is
guided by research questions, which give an individual research
study its focus and scope. We cannot answer all of life's
questions or save the world in one study—each research study is
a small piece of a larger puzzle that will eventually provide
greater understanding of a particular problem or issue.
Research is a collaborative effort among the entire scientific
community. Researchers read the work of others in their field to
determine what they can do to add the next piece to the puzzle.
If one researcher finds that women who were exposed to abuse
as children have lower self-esteem, another researcher might
build on that and try to discover if men suffer the same
consequence.
Another researcher may build on it in a different way by trying
to discover if a particular therapeutic intervention helps
enhance damaged self-esteem. All of these studies would have
different research questions driving the inquiry, but each of
them contributes to that particular area in a unique way that
5. both builds on the previous research and sparks additional
research.
The Hypothesis
In quantitative research, you create a hypothesis after you
decide on your research question. The hypothesis is based on
your knowledge of previous research on human behavior. The
hypothesis is an educated guess as to what will be shown by
your study's results. Hypotheses are not typically used in
qualitative research as that process is one of discovery. The
researcher avoids predicting the outcome so as not to taint their
interpretation of the results.
Variables
Variables are the concepts of interest in a study. If we are
interested in studying the effects of psychotherapy on
depression, psychotherapy and depression are our variables.
Variables can be categorized as either independent or
dependent. The independent variable is the variable that causes
change in the dependent variable, or in other words, the
dependent variable's value is dependent on the level of the
independent variable.
Using the first example above, psychotherapy would be the
independent variable, and depression would be the dependent
variable. A person's level of depression would be dependent on
whether or not they got psychotherapy.
Selecting a Research Problem
The research problem is the situation or problem that sparks
your research question. A good research problem has two
characteristics—it is worthy of investigation (meaning it would
further the current research in the field) and is of interest to the
researcher. You can come up with a research question by
considering what aspects of psychology interest you. For
example, you might be interested in the impact of social media
on children's social development or on the effect of television
on marital satisfaction; you might be interested in the best
treatments for children with autism or on the most effective
methods to delay cognitive decline in the elderly.
6. Once you have come up with a research question, you should
determine what the key variables are. For example, if your
hypothesis is, "The social media impedes the development of
teenager's social skills," your variables are social media and
teen social skills.
Reference
Salkind, N. J. (2012). Exploring research (8th ed.). Upper
Saddle River, NJ: Pearson.
RESEARCH METHODS 1
RESEARCH METHODS 4
Research Methods
Many scientists have wondered if physically active students can
indeed perform better than students who are not active. A
quantitative research has been done. They wondered if the
people being tested were put under intense physical pressure
would be able to think fast and come up with the right
decisions. Different methods were used Ninety six students
were chosen, of which 48 were athletes, and the rest were non-
athletes. Those who practiced at least thrice a week were
considered athletic and the ones who never practiced on a
regular basis (less than once a week) were the non-athletes.
None of the participants had any history of drug abuse, and all
their body functions were proper. Students were to list all
possible uses of items mentioned to them. According to Akbari,
Chermahini flexibility determined the results’ score. The
correct use of an object would fall into the right category and
the wrong use of an item in the wrong category. Four scores
were considered: flexibility, originality, fluency, and
elaboration. They were all placed on a cycle ergometer and
started with little tolerance and later proceeded with high
tolerance at a maximum level of effort, using more energy. The
research led to the fact that exercises affect creativity (Haslam,
& McGarty, 2014).
Finally, the activity of the school they were among the
7. best students with exemplary performance that never compared
with others. According to the research making it compulsory in
the school curriculum to allocate enough time used by the
pupils and students to play and make fun in the field enhances
release of tension. And other unnecessary things and creates
new room for new things to accumulate in fresh minds. This has
boosted retention of new information newly read encouraging a
step forward in the improvement of academic performance for
both adults and teenagers.
According to researchers, scientists have posed endless
debate about carrying the research of human attributes and
behavior using different research methods. Therefore, both
qualitative and quantitative research methods of analysis has
been used together to compliment every aspect of humans
beings when studying their behavior from time to time.
Quantitative psychology is the scientific study of method and
techniques employed in the measurement of attributes of human,
the statistical and mathematical modeling of psychological
processes. The design of research studies and the analysis of
psychological data. This helped to detect the students’ attributes
and act according in response to co-curricula introduction in the
school and adjustment of other programs in the school that
created more room for students to thrive. And attain excellent
results in their exams and other school related work for future
satisfaction.
Also, a qualitative approach was very useful in obtaining
the detailed data from students and other people working in a
school related environment. And since we got to the bottom of
the matter. all the issues hindering good results were excavated
from the students, teachers, parents and other school staff. Both
quantitative and qualitative approaches are similar in that it
involved get the information about the performance of the
students to get their personal attributes resulting from their
education knowledge. But also, there is different where
quantitative deals with the data collected from the students
while the qualitative research method get the detailed
8. information of the matter about the decline of performance and
the tips that have made them improve their academic
performance.
Also, the two methods of research serve the purpose of
combining the information derived from the research ground to
answer the question and solve the problem of performance in a
scientific way. The samples were selected in the random state
from the school taking a sample of five students while the other
is by accessing the performance records. Students chosen
randomly took a large size because everybody had to make an
actual appearance. I had to collect the different levels for
different years for the different group using the paper and a pen
to enter the data and present it in the graph for interpretation.
Also, I carried individual surveillance to check how the students
conduct themselves in case the teacher is not within and noted a
few students among many are the ones serious about their
studies. Additionally, direct observations with my eyes were
very useful to see the behavior of the students in the school
environment (Reis, & Judd, 2000).
Analyzing the data statically as per the factors identified
in that period did the process of data analysis about the
performance of the school. While the direct interviews with
students and another school team were well coded for the
purpose of improving the future performance of these students.
References
Haslam, S. A., & McGarty, C. (2014). Research methods and
statistics in psychology.
Retrieved from; http://www.uv.es/~friasnav/Keywords.pdf
Reis, H. T., & Judd, C. M. (2000). Handbook of research
methods in social and personality psychology. New York:
Cambridge University Press.
Retrieved from; https://psychology.missouri.edu/soc
9. Overall Comments:
Sandy,
You were on the right track with this assignment but there were
issues. The assignent was asking you to idnetify a qualitative
and quantitative study and that is not what was done here. You
discussed these approaches in general rather than reviewing two
specific studies.
I would suggest resubmitting with this new focus. If you havre
questions regarding this please let m know.
Best,
Dr. Owens
COMPETENCY:
Communicate effectively in a variety of formats.
CRITERION:
Apply proper APA formatting and style.
DISTINGUISHED
PROFICIENT
BASIC
NON-PERFORMANCE
Distinguished
Applies scholarly writing skills and uses proper APA formatting
and style throughout the assessment.
Faculty Comments:
“APA format looked good throughout the paper. ”
CRITERION:
Communicate in a manner that is scholarly, professional, and
consistent with expectations for members of professional
communities.
DISTINGUISHED
PROFICIENT
BASIC
NON-PERFORMANCE
Distinguished
Communicates in a manner that is scholarly, professional, and
consistent with expectations for members of professional
communities, with written communication that is free of errors
10. that detract from the overall message.
Faculty Comments:
“The paper was well written form a grammar and mechanics
perspective. ”
COMPETENCY:
Describe types of psychological research methods.
CRITERION:
Describe the sample and sample size used in both a qualitative
and a quantitative research study.
DISTINGUISHED
PROFICIENT
BASIC
NON-PERFORMANCE
Non-Performance
Does not describe the sample and sample size used in both a
qualitative and a quantitative research study.
Faculty Comments:
“Sample size was not addressed. ”
CRITERION:
Describe key elements of both a quantitative and a qualitative
research project, including hypothesis, methods, and findings.
DISTINGUISHED
PROFICIENT
BASIC
NON-PERFORMANCE
Basic
Incompletely describes quantitative and a qualitative research
project, including hypothesis, methods, and findings.
Faculty Comments:
“This was not addressed. You provided general discussion but
there was not a specific article review. ”
CRITERION:
Compare the research methods used in a quantitative research
study and a qualitative research study.
DISTINGUISHED
PROFICIENT
11. BASIC
NON-PERFORMANCE
Basic
Incompletely compares the research methods used in a
quantitative research study and a qualitative research study,
highlighting differences or similarities but not both.
Faculty Comments:
“Again, you provided a general discussion but there was not a
discussion of specific studies. ”
COMPETENCY:
Evaluate research methods and psychological research findings.
CRITERION:
Evaluate the data collection process, including methods and
instruments used, in both a qualitative and a quantitative
research study.
DISTINGUISHED
PROFICIENT
BASIC
NON-PERFORMANCE
Basic
Identifies the data collection process, including methods and
instruments used, in both a qualitative and a quantitative
research study.
Faculty Comments:
“Again, this was a general discussion but nothing specific to
these studies. ”