Submit Search
Upload
IRJET- Water Footprint Analysis of Delhi to Understand it’s Sustainability
•
0 likes
•
8 views
IRJET Journal
Follow
https://www.irjet.net/archives/V6/i7/IRJET-V6I7270.pdf
Read less
Read more
Engineering
Report
Share
Report
Share
1 of 7
Download now
Download to read offline
Recommended
Effect of age and seasonal variations on leachate characteristics of municipa...
Effect of age and seasonal variations on leachate characteristics of municipa...
eSAT Journals
Effect of age and seasonal variations on leachate
Effect of age and seasonal variations on leachate
eSAT Publishing House
IRJET- Assessment of Non-Revenue Water in a Water Distribution System and Str...
IRJET- Assessment of Non-Revenue Water in a Water Distribution System and Str...
IRJET Journal
Session 4 - Water Resources-1
Session 4 - Water Resources-1
Ajay Mohan Goel
Water for the future
Water for the future
Pinaki Bhadury
SESSION 3_Tom Hertel, Purdue Univ._Water scarcity and economic growth- CIRCLE...
SESSION 3_Tom Hertel, Purdue Univ._Water scarcity and economic growth- CIRCLE...
OECD Environment
Chennai water crisis
Chennai water crisis
JNTUK
Circular Solutions to Water Shortage by ING Bank
Circular Solutions to Water Shortage by ING Bank
Anna Poberezhna
Recommended
Effect of age and seasonal variations on leachate characteristics of municipa...
Effect of age and seasonal variations on leachate characteristics of municipa...
eSAT Journals
Effect of age and seasonal variations on leachate
Effect of age and seasonal variations on leachate
eSAT Publishing House
IRJET- Assessment of Non-Revenue Water in a Water Distribution System and Str...
IRJET- Assessment of Non-Revenue Water in a Water Distribution System and Str...
IRJET Journal
Session 4 - Water Resources-1
Session 4 - Water Resources-1
Ajay Mohan Goel
Water for the future
Water for the future
Pinaki Bhadury
SESSION 3_Tom Hertel, Purdue Univ._Water scarcity and economic growth- CIRCLE...
SESSION 3_Tom Hertel, Purdue Univ._Water scarcity and economic growth- CIRCLE...
OECD Environment
Chennai water crisis
Chennai water crisis
JNTUK
Circular Solutions to Water Shortage by ING Bank
Circular Solutions to Water Shortage by ING Bank
Anna Poberezhna
IRJET - Environmental Impact Assessment of Ground Water Quality around Ve...
IRJET - Environmental Impact Assessment of Ground Water Quality around Ve...
IRJET Journal
WATER : THE BIGGEST BUSINESS RISK FOR INDIA, INC.
WATER : THE BIGGEST BUSINESS RISK FOR INDIA, INC.
Bombay Chamber of Commerce and Industry
Bio engineering 2011_-_2-libre
Bio engineering 2011_-_2-libre
Alyssa Gonzales
Policy Options for a World Facing Water‐Scarcity/Food Security Issues: Global...
Policy Options for a World Facing Water‐Scarcity/Food Security Issues: Global...
International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI)
Waste Water Management for Smart City
Waste Water Management for Smart City
ijtsrd
Water Resource Politics and Policy in China, Scott Moore (July 2012)
Water Resource Politics and Policy in China, Scott Moore (July 2012)
Beijing Energy Network
Water Footprint Assessment
Water Footprint Assessment
FP Studies
Virtual Water Interactions in Transboundary Water
Virtual Water Interactions in Transboundary Water
Francesca Greco
Future Watch Report - India 2017, part V: Environment, access to drinking water
Future Watch Report - India 2017, part V: Environment, access to drinking water
Team Finland Future Watch
IRJET- Sustainable Solid Waste Management: A Decentralized Waste Management A...
IRJET- Sustainable Solid Waste Management: A Decentralized Waste Management A...
IRJET Journal
An Assessment of the Effect of Disposal and Management of used Sachet Water P...
An Assessment of the Effect of Disposal and Management of used Sachet Water P...
ijtsrd
IRJET- Sustainable Approach for Development of an Ecocity
IRJET- Sustainable Approach for Development of an Ecocity
IRJET Journal
BizIT 2007 Case
BizIT 2007 Case
Karen Cheng
Water and Wastewater Mangement in India 2010 - Sample
Water and Wastewater Mangement in India 2010 - Sample
Netscribes, Inc.
Urban Sanitation problems and Challenges in Karnataka: An Overview
Urban Sanitation problems and Challenges in Karnataka: An Overview
ijtsrd
Carol elsa
Carol elsa
Ishika Jain
Solid waste management
Solid waste management
Krishna Prakash
SCARR
SCARR
Citizens for Accountable Governance
A2120108.pdf
A2120108.pdf
ajmrdjournals
Dead in the water - Ethical ownership and water management in the Norwegian G...
Dead in the water - Ethical ownership and water management in the Norwegian G...
FIVAS - Foreningen for Internasjonale Vannstudier
Understanding citizen perspectives: Approach towards Water-Sensitive Developm...
Understanding citizen perspectives: Approach towards Water-Sensitive Developm...
IRJET Journal
State of urban water supply
State of urban water supply
VinayakMehta5
More Related Content
What's hot
IRJET - Environmental Impact Assessment of Ground Water Quality around Ve...
IRJET - Environmental Impact Assessment of Ground Water Quality around Ve...
IRJET Journal
WATER : THE BIGGEST BUSINESS RISK FOR INDIA, INC.
WATER : THE BIGGEST BUSINESS RISK FOR INDIA, INC.
Bombay Chamber of Commerce and Industry
Bio engineering 2011_-_2-libre
Bio engineering 2011_-_2-libre
Alyssa Gonzales
Policy Options for a World Facing Water‐Scarcity/Food Security Issues: Global...
Policy Options for a World Facing Water‐Scarcity/Food Security Issues: Global...
International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI)
Waste Water Management for Smart City
Waste Water Management for Smart City
ijtsrd
Water Resource Politics and Policy in China, Scott Moore (July 2012)
Water Resource Politics and Policy in China, Scott Moore (July 2012)
Beijing Energy Network
Water Footprint Assessment
Water Footprint Assessment
FP Studies
Virtual Water Interactions in Transboundary Water
Virtual Water Interactions in Transboundary Water
Francesca Greco
Future Watch Report - India 2017, part V: Environment, access to drinking water
Future Watch Report - India 2017, part V: Environment, access to drinking water
Team Finland Future Watch
IRJET- Sustainable Solid Waste Management: A Decentralized Waste Management A...
IRJET- Sustainable Solid Waste Management: A Decentralized Waste Management A...
IRJET Journal
An Assessment of the Effect of Disposal and Management of used Sachet Water P...
An Assessment of the Effect of Disposal and Management of used Sachet Water P...
ijtsrd
IRJET- Sustainable Approach for Development of an Ecocity
IRJET- Sustainable Approach for Development of an Ecocity
IRJET Journal
BizIT 2007 Case
BizIT 2007 Case
Karen Cheng
Water and Wastewater Mangement in India 2010 - Sample
Water and Wastewater Mangement in India 2010 - Sample
Netscribes, Inc.
Urban Sanitation problems and Challenges in Karnataka: An Overview
Urban Sanitation problems and Challenges in Karnataka: An Overview
ijtsrd
Carol elsa
Carol elsa
Ishika Jain
Solid waste management
Solid waste management
Krishna Prakash
SCARR
SCARR
Citizens for Accountable Governance
A2120108.pdf
A2120108.pdf
ajmrdjournals
Dead in the water - Ethical ownership and water management in the Norwegian G...
Dead in the water - Ethical ownership and water management in the Norwegian G...
FIVAS - Foreningen for Internasjonale Vannstudier
What's hot
(20)
IRJET - Environmental Impact Assessment of Ground Water Quality around Ve...
IRJET - Environmental Impact Assessment of Ground Water Quality around Ve...
WATER : THE BIGGEST BUSINESS RISK FOR INDIA, INC.
WATER : THE BIGGEST BUSINESS RISK FOR INDIA, INC.
Bio engineering 2011_-_2-libre
Bio engineering 2011_-_2-libre
Policy Options for a World Facing Water‐Scarcity/Food Security Issues: Global...
Policy Options for a World Facing Water‐Scarcity/Food Security Issues: Global...
Waste Water Management for Smart City
Waste Water Management for Smart City
Water Resource Politics and Policy in China, Scott Moore (July 2012)
Water Resource Politics and Policy in China, Scott Moore (July 2012)
Water Footprint Assessment
Water Footprint Assessment
Virtual Water Interactions in Transboundary Water
Virtual Water Interactions in Transboundary Water
Future Watch Report - India 2017, part V: Environment, access to drinking water
Future Watch Report - India 2017, part V: Environment, access to drinking water
IRJET- Sustainable Solid Waste Management: A Decentralized Waste Management A...
IRJET- Sustainable Solid Waste Management: A Decentralized Waste Management A...
An Assessment of the Effect of Disposal and Management of used Sachet Water P...
An Assessment of the Effect of Disposal and Management of used Sachet Water P...
IRJET- Sustainable Approach for Development of an Ecocity
IRJET- Sustainable Approach for Development of an Ecocity
BizIT 2007 Case
BizIT 2007 Case
Water and Wastewater Mangement in India 2010 - Sample
Water and Wastewater Mangement in India 2010 - Sample
Urban Sanitation problems and Challenges in Karnataka: An Overview
Urban Sanitation problems and Challenges in Karnataka: An Overview
Carol elsa
Carol elsa
Solid waste management
Solid waste management
SCARR
SCARR
A2120108.pdf
A2120108.pdf
Dead in the water - Ethical ownership and water management in the Norwegian G...
Dead in the water - Ethical ownership and water management in the Norwegian G...
Similar to IRJET- Water Footprint Analysis of Delhi to Understand it’s Sustainability
Understanding citizen perspectives: Approach towards Water-Sensitive Developm...
Understanding citizen perspectives: Approach towards Water-Sensitive Developm...
IRJET Journal
State of urban water supply
State of urban water supply
VinayakMehta5
IRJET- Role of National Missions Towards Achieving Sustainable Management...
IRJET- Role of National Missions Towards Achieving Sustainable Management...
IRJET Journal
A study on non revenue water in intermittent and continuous water service in ...
A study on non revenue water in intermittent and continuous water service in ...
Alexander Decker
A study on non revenue water in intermittent and continuous water service in ...
A study on non revenue water in intermittent and continuous water service in ...
Alexander Decker
Future Watch: Future of water in India
Future Watch: Future of water in India
Team Finland Future Watch
Design of water supply system for a G+12 residential building by water neutra...
Design of water supply system for a G+12 residential building by water neutra...
IRJET Journal
Improving the Effectiveness of Wastewater Treatment Systems to Enhance Water ...
Improving the Effectiveness of Wastewater Treatment Systems to Enhance Water ...
IRJET Journal
National Urban Rainwater Harvesting Guidelines
National Urban Rainwater Harvesting Guidelines
biometrust
Development of an Open-Source Water Consumption Meter for Housing
Development of an Open-Source Water Consumption Meter for Housing
IEREK Press
Development of an Open-Source Water Consumption Meter for Housing
Development of an Open-Source Water Consumption Meter for Housing
IEREK Press
IRJET- Rejuvenation and Utilization of Surface Water Sources in Gwalior City
IRJET- Rejuvenation and Utilization of Surface Water Sources in Gwalior City
IRJET Journal
Real Time Water Quality Monitoring and Management System
Real Time Water Quality Monitoring and Management System
IRJET Journal
Water crisis?
Water crisis?
FERTINNOWA:Transfer of INNOvative techniques for sustainable WAter use in FERtigated crops
WATER RECLAMATION PLANT INNOVATION PROJECT (ERT 401)
WATER RECLAMATION PLANT INNOVATION PROJECT (ERT 401)
Aryan Trivedi
Water and Sewer
Water and Sewer
Milind V Thakur
20320140507008
20320140507008
IAEME Publication
20320140507008
20320140507008
IAEME Publication
Ppp position paper_water_n_sanitation_102k9
Ppp position paper_water_n_sanitation_102k9
Ritu Dhar
Prolouge
Prolouge
VimalKumarBairathiba
Similar to IRJET- Water Footprint Analysis of Delhi to Understand it’s Sustainability
(20)
Understanding citizen perspectives: Approach towards Water-Sensitive Developm...
Understanding citizen perspectives: Approach towards Water-Sensitive Developm...
State of urban water supply
State of urban water supply
IRJET- Role of National Missions Towards Achieving Sustainable Management...
IRJET- Role of National Missions Towards Achieving Sustainable Management...
A study on non revenue water in intermittent and continuous water service in ...
A study on non revenue water in intermittent and continuous water service in ...
A study on non revenue water in intermittent and continuous water service in ...
A study on non revenue water in intermittent and continuous water service in ...
Future Watch: Future of water in India
Future Watch: Future of water in India
Design of water supply system for a G+12 residential building by water neutra...
Design of water supply system for a G+12 residential building by water neutra...
Improving the Effectiveness of Wastewater Treatment Systems to Enhance Water ...
Improving the Effectiveness of Wastewater Treatment Systems to Enhance Water ...
National Urban Rainwater Harvesting Guidelines
National Urban Rainwater Harvesting Guidelines
Development of an Open-Source Water Consumption Meter for Housing
Development of an Open-Source Water Consumption Meter for Housing
Development of an Open-Source Water Consumption Meter for Housing
Development of an Open-Source Water Consumption Meter for Housing
IRJET- Rejuvenation and Utilization of Surface Water Sources in Gwalior City
IRJET- Rejuvenation and Utilization of Surface Water Sources in Gwalior City
Real Time Water Quality Monitoring and Management System
Real Time Water Quality Monitoring and Management System
Water crisis?
Water crisis?
WATER RECLAMATION PLANT INNOVATION PROJECT (ERT 401)
WATER RECLAMATION PLANT INNOVATION PROJECT (ERT 401)
Water and Sewer
Water and Sewer
20320140507008
20320140507008
20320140507008
20320140507008
Ppp position paper_water_n_sanitation_102k9
Ppp position paper_water_n_sanitation_102k9
Prolouge
Prolouge
More from IRJET Journal
TUNNELING IN HIMALAYAS WITH NATM METHOD: A SPECIAL REFERENCES TO SUNGAL TUNNE...
TUNNELING IN HIMALAYAS WITH NATM METHOD: A SPECIAL REFERENCES TO SUNGAL TUNNE...
IRJET Journal
STUDY THE EFFECT OF RESPONSE REDUCTION FACTOR ON RC FRAMED STRUCTURE
STUDY THE EFFECT OF RESPONSE REDUCTION FACTOR ON RC FRAMED STRUCTURE
IRJET Journal
A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF RCC ELEMENT OF SLAB WITH STARK STEEL (HYSD STEEL) A...
A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF RCC ELEMENT OF SLAB WITH STARK STEEL (HYSD STEEL) A...
IRJET Journal
Effect of Camber and Angles of Attack on Airfoil Characteristics
Effect of Camber and Angles of Attack on Airfoil Characteristics
IRJET Journal
A Review on the Progress and Challenges of Aluminum-Based Metal Matrix Compos...
A Review on the Progress and Challenges of Aluminum-Based Metal Matrix Compos...
IRJET Journal
Dynamic Urban Transit Optimization: A Graph Neural Network Approach for Real-...
Dynamic Urban Transit Optimization: A Graph Neural Network Approach for Real-...
IRJET Journal
Structural Analysis and Design of Multi-Storey Symmetric and Asymmetric Shape...
Structural Analysis and Design of Multi-Storey Symmetric and Asymmetric Shape...
IRJET Journal
A Review of “Seismic Response of RC Structures Having Plan and Vertical Irreg...
A Review of “Seismic Response of RC Structures Having Plan and Vertical Irreg...
IRJET Journal
A REVIEW ON MACHINE LEARNING IN ADAS
A REVIEW ON MACHINE LEARNING IN ADAS
IRJET Journal
Long Term Trend Analysis of Precipitation and Temperature for Asosa district,...
Long Term Trend Analysis of Precipitation and Temperature for Asosa district,...
IRJET Journal
P.E.B. Framed Structure Design and Analysis Using STAAD Pro
P.E.B. Framed Structure Design and Analysis Using STAAD Pro
IRJET Journal
A Review on Innovative Fiber Integration for Enhanced Reinforcement of Concre...
A Review on Innovative Fiber Integration for Enhanced Reinforcement of Concre...
IRJET Journal
Survey Paper on Cloud-Based Secured Healthcare System
Survey Paper on Cloud-Based Secured Healthcare System
IRJET Journal
Review on studies and research on widening of existing concrete bridges
Review on studies and research on widening of existing concrete bridges
IRJET Journal
React based fullstack edtech web application
React based fullstack edtech web application
IRJET Journal
A Comprehensive Review of Integrating IoT and Blockchain Technologies in the ...
A Comprehensive Review of Integrating IoT and Blockchain Technologies in the ...
IRJET Journal
A REVIEW ON THE PERFORMANCE OF COCONUT FIBRE REINFORCED CONCRETE.
A REVIEW ON THE PERFORMANCE OF COCONUT FIBRE REINFORCED CONCRETE.
IRJET Journal
Optimizing Business Management Process Workflows: The Dynamic Influence of Mi...
Optimizing Business Management Process Workflows: The Dynamic Influence of Mi...
IRJET Journal
Multistoried and Multi Bay Steel Building Frame by using Seismic Design
Multistoried and Multi Bay Steel Building Frame by using Seismic Design
IRJET Journal
Cost Optimization of Construction Using Plastic Waste as a Sustainable Constr...
Cost Optimization of Construction Using Plastic Waste as a Sustainable Constr...
IRJET Journal
More from IRJET Journal
(20)
TUNNELING IN HIMALAYAS WITH NATM METHOD: A SPECIAL REFERENCES TO SUNGAL TUNNE...
TUNNELING IN HIMALAYAS WITH NATM METHOD: A SPECIAL REFERENCES TO SUNGAL TUNNE...
STUDY THE EFFECT OF RESPONSE REDUCTION FACTOR ON RC FRAMED STRUCTURE
STUDY THE EFFECT OF RESPONSE REDUCTION FACTOR ON RC FRAMED STRUCTURE
A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF RCC ELEMENT OF SLAB WITH STARK STEEL (HYSD STEEL) A...
A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF RCC ELEMENT OF SLAB WITH STARK STEEL (HYSD STEEL) A...
Effect of Camber and Angles of Attack on Airfoil Characteristics
Effect of Camber and Angles of Attack on Airfoil Characteristics
A Review on the Progress and Challenges of Aluminum-Based Metal Matrix Compos...
A Review on the Progress and Challenges of Aluminum-Based Metal Matrix Compos...
Dynamic Urban Transit Optimization: A Graph Neural Network Approach for Real-...
Dynamic Urban Transit Optimization: A Graph Neural Network Approach for Real-...
Structural Analysis and Design of Multi-Storey Symmetric and Asymmetric Shape...
Structural Analysis and Design of Multi-Storey Symmetric and Asymmetric Shape...
A Review of “Seismic Response of RC Structures Having Plan and Vertical Irreg...
A Review of “Seismic Response of RC Structures Having Plan and Vertical Irreg...
A REVIEW ON MACHINE LEARNING IN ADAS
A REVIEW ON MACHINE LEARNING IN ADAS
Long Term Trend Analysis of Precipitation and Temperature for Asosa district,...
Long Term Trend Analysis of Precipitation and Temperature for Asosa district,...
P.E.B. Framed Structure Design and Analysis Using STAAD Pro
P.E.B. Framed Structure Design and Analysis Using STAAD Pro
A Review on Innovative Fiber Integration for Enhanced Reinforcement of Concre...
A Review on Innovative Fiber Integration for Enhanced Reinforcement of Concre...
Survey Paper on Cloud-Based Secured Healthcare System
Survey Paper on Cloud-Based Secured Healthcare System
Review on studies and research on widening of existing concrete bridges
Review on studies and research on widening of existing concrete bridges
React based fullstack edtech web application
React based fullstack edtech web application
A Comprehensive Review of Integrating IoT and Blockchain Technologies in the ...
A Comprehensive Review of Integrating IoT and Blockchain Technologies in the ...
A REVIEW ON THE PERFORMANCE OF COCONUT FIBRE REINFORCED CONCRETE.
A REVIEW ON THE PERFORMANCE OF COCONUT FIBRE REINFORCED CONCRETE.
Optimizing Business Management Process Workflows: The Dynamic Influence of Mi...
Optimizing Business Management Process Workflows: The Dynamic Influence of Mi...
Multistoried and Multi Bay Steel Building Frame by using Seismic Design
Multistoried and Multi Bay Steel Building Frame by using Seismic Design
Cost Optimization of Construction Using Plastic Waste as a Sustainable Constr...
Cost Optimization of Construction Using Plastic Waste as a Sustainable Constr...
Recently uploaded
Analog to Digital and Digital to Analog Converter
Analog to Digital and Digital to Analog Converter
AbhinavSharma374939
Decoding Kotlin - Your guide to solving the mysterious in Kotlin.pptx
Decoding Kotlin - Your guide to solving the mysterious in Kotlin.pptx
João Esperancinha
OSVC_Meta-Data based Simulation Automation to overcome Verification Challenge...
OSVC_Meta-Data based Simulation Automation to overcome Verification Challenge...
Soham Mondal
HARMONY IN THE NATURE AND EXISTENCE - Unit-IV
HARMONY IN THE NATURE AND EXISTENCE - Unit-IV
RajaP95
Exploring_Network_Security_with_JA3_by_Rakesh Seal.pptx
Exploring_Network_Security_with_JA3_by_Rakesh Seal.pptx
null - The Open Security Community
(ANJALI) Dange Chowk Call Girls Just Call 7001035870 [ Cash on Delivery ] Pun...
(ANJALI) Dange Chowk Call Girls Just Call 7001035870 [ Cash on Delivery ] Pun...
ranjana rawat
Call Us -/9953056974- Call Girls In Vikaspuri-/- Delhi NCR
Call Us -/9953056974- Call Girls In Vikaspuri-/- Delhi NCR
9953056974 Low Rate Call Girls In Saket, Delhi NCR
APPLICATIONS-AC/DC DRIVES-OPERATING CHARACTERISTICS
APPLICATIONS-AC/DC DRIVES-OPERATING CHARACTERISTICS
KurinjimalarL3
Introduction to IEEE STANDARDS and its different types.pptx
Introduction to IEEE STANDARDS and its different types.pptx
upamatechverse
★ CALL US 9953330565 ( HOT Young Call Girls In Badarpur delhi NCR
★ CALL US 9953330565 ( HOT Young Call Girls In Badarpur delhi NCR
9953056974 Low Rate Call Girls In Saket, Delhi NCR
Internship report on mechanical engineering
Internship report on mechanical engineering
malavadedarshan25
(RIA) Call Girls Bhosari ( 7001035870 ) HI-Fi Pune Escorts Service
(RIA) Call Girls Bhosari ( 7001035870 ) HI-Fi Pune Escorts Service
ranjana rawat
Biology for Computer Engineers Course Handout.pptx
Biology for Computer Engineers Course Handout.pptx
DeepakSakkari2
IMPLICATIONS OF THE ABOVE HOLISTIC UNDERSTANDING OF HARMONY ON PROFESSIONAL E...
IMPLICATIONS OF THE ABOVE HOLISTIC UNDERSTANDING OF HARMONY ON PROFESSIONAL E...
RajaP95
IVE Industry Focused Event - Defence Sector 2024
IVE Industry Focused Event - Defence Sector 2024
Mark Billinghurst
(MEERA) Dapodi Call Girls Just Call 7001035870 [ Cash on Delivery ] Pune Escorts
(MEERA) Dapodi Call Girls Just Call 7001035870 [ Cash on Delivery ] Pune Escorts
ranjana rawat
VIP Call Girls Service Kondapur Hyderabad Call +91-8250192130
VIP Call Girls Service Kondapur Hyderabad Call +91-8250192130
Suhani Kapoor
GDSC ASEB Gen AI study jams presentation
GDSC ASEB Gen AI study jams presentation
GDSCAESB
High Profile Call Girls Nagpur Meera Call 7001035870 Meet With Nagpur Escorts
High Profile Call Girls Nagpur Meera Call 7001035870 Meet With Nagpur Escorts
Call Girls in Nagpur High Profile
Processing & Properties of Floor and Wall Tiles.pptx
Processing & Properties of Floor and Wall Tiles.pptx
pranjaldaimarysona
Recently uploaded
(20)
Analog to Digital and Digital to Analog Converter
Analog to Digital and Digital to Analog Converter
Decoding Kotlin - Your guide to solving the mysterious in Kotlin.pptx
Decoding Kotlin - Your guide to solving the mysterious in Kotlin.pptx
OSVC_Meta-Data based Simulation Automation to overcome Verification Challenge...
OSVC_Meta-Data based Simulation Automation to overcome Verification Challenge...
HARMONY IN THE NATURE AND EXISTENCE - Unit-IV
HARMONY IN THE NATURE AND EXISTENCE - Unit-IV
Exploring_Network_Security_with_JA3_by_Rakesh Seal.pptx
Exploring_Network_Security_with_JA3_by_Rakesh Seal.pptx
(ANJALI) Dange Chowk Call Girls Just Call 7001035870 [ Cash on Delivery ] Pun...
(ANJALI) Dange Chowk Call Girls Just Call 7001035870 [ Cash on Delivery ] Pun...
Call Us -/9953056974- Call Girls In Vikaspuri-/- Delhi NCR
Call Us -/9953056974- Call Girls In Vikaspuri-/- Delhi NCR
APPLICATIONS-AC/DC DRIVES-OPERATING CHARACTERISTICS
APPLICATIONS-AC/DC DRIVES-OPERATING CHARACTERISTICS
Introduction to IEEE STANDARDS and its different types.pptx
Introduction to IEEE STANDARDS and its different types.pptx
★ CALL US 9953330565 ( HOT Young Call Girls In Badarpur delhi NCR
★ CALL US 9953330565 ( HOT Young Call Girls In Badarpur delhi NCR
Internship report on mechanical engineering
Internship report on mechanical engineering
(RIA) Call Girls Bhosari ( 7001035870 ) HI-Fi Pune Escorts Service
(RIA) Call Girls Bhosari ( 7001035870 ) HI-Fi Pune Escorts Service
Biology for Computer Engineers Course Handout.pptx
Biology for Computer Engineers Course Handout.pptx
IMPLICATIONS OF THE ABOVE HOLISTIC UNDERSTANDING OF HARMONY ON PROFESSIONAL E...
IMPLICATIONS OF THE ABOVE HOLISTIC UNDERSTANDING OF HARMONY ON PROFESSIONAL E...
IVE Industry Focused Event - Defence Sector 2024
IVE Industry Focused Event - Defence Sector 2024
(MEERA) Dapodi Call Girls Just Call 7001035870 [ Cash on Delivery ] Pune Escorts
(MEERA) Dapodi Call Girls Just Call 7001035870 [ Cash on Delivery ] Pune Escorts
VIP Call Girls Service Kondapur Hyderabad Call +91-8250192130
VIP Call Girls Service Kondapur Hyderabad Call +91-8250192130
GDSC ASEB Gen AI study jams presentation
GDSC ASEB Gen AI study jams presentation
High Profile Call Girls Nagpur Meera Call 7001035870 Meet With Nagpur Escorts
High Profile Call Girls Nagpur Meera Call 7001035870 Meet With Nagpur Escorts
Processing & Properties of Floor and Wall Tiles.pptx
Processing & Properties of Floor and Wall Tiles.pptx
IRJET- Water Footprint Analysis of Delhi to Understand it’s Sustainability
1.
International Research Journal
of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395-0056 Volume: 06 Issue: 07 | July 2019 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072 © 2019, IRJET | Impact Factor value: 7.211 | ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal | Page 1934 Water Footprint Analysis of Delhi to Understand it’s sustainability Vaibhav1, Dr Bharat Jhamnani2 1Master of technology scholar, Department of Environmental Engineering, Delhi Technological University, Shahbad Daulatpura, Main Bawana Road, Delhi, 110042, India 2Assistant professor, Department of Civil Engineering, Delhi Technological University, Shahbad Daulatpura, Main Bawana Road, Delhi, 110042, India ---------------------------------------------------------------------***--------------------------------------------------------------------- Abstract - India’s ambition to meet SDGs (Sustainable Development Goals) like zero hunger and access to clean water depends upon the strategic use and management of limited freshwater resources. To do so, water consumption in various sectors must be established rather than using the traditional water withdrawal method. Waterfootprint(WF)is an indicator used to find the volume of fresh water being used in product, process, by a consumer, community, or nation directly and indirectly. It is based on the concepts of material flow analysis (MFA) and life cycle assessment (LCA). It traces all the processes and the direct waterbeingconsumed inthem, giving virtual water content (VWC, water required toproduce a unit product) of a particular product. In this study, it was found WF of Delhi in litres per capita per day (lpcd) for the year 2011 and forecasted for the year 2021 using water footprint assessment (WFA). The average water footprint of a person living in Delhi in the year 2011 came out to be 2913 lpcd broken down as crop WF: 1868 lpcd; livestock WF: 561 pcd; miscellaneous (comprises of products necessary in urban living such as petrol, liquor, etc.) WF: 207 lpcd and direct WF: 277 lpcd. It was found in the year 2021; crop WF is going to increase marginally because of higher dairyproducts and meat consumption along with lower consumption of cereals. Increase of 12.8% in total WF from 2011 to 2021 is primarily because of direct WF. There are many projects underway by the Delhi Jal Board (DJB) such as Renuka Dam, Kishau Dam and Lakhwar Vyasi Dam which aim to increase direct water supply by 66% i.e. 258 lpcd in 2011 to 430 lpcd in 2021. Interestingly ~85-90% of WF of a person in Delhi is due to indirect consumption in the form of crop and livestock products which are being imported since there are no agricultural practices in Delhi. Remaining ~10-15% is in the form of direct WF, most of it comes from places which are not in geographical boundaries of Delhi (although they are a part of Delhi Hydrometric Area (DHA)). Delhi is almost entirely dependent on direct and indirect WF even though Delhi receives ~ 1 m of average rainfall every year. Key Words: Environmental footprint; Water footprint; Water footprint assessment; Virtual water 1. INTRODUCTION Cities are the congested economic hubs of any nation; it is likely that many cities will face challenges in meeting the increasing demands of land, energy, water and other limited resources (UN, 2018). Freshwater use in agricultural, industrial, and household processes is increasing, which makes sustainable water use and management irrefutable. Stress on limited freshwater water resources is rapidly increasing in cities due to increasing population density, changing lifestyle, and urbanization (Gleick,2000).Thetotal urban population in India grew from 17.97% in 1961 to 31.16% in 2011 (Bhagat, 2011). Freshwater resources are unevenly distributed all around India and the world with some areas being water scarce, while some are abundant. However, through the trade of goods and services, freshwater is being exchanged inter- regionally and internationally.Thisisknownasvirtual water (or indirect water) trade (Allan,1996).Virtual waterbecame a building block of an indicator known as “Water Footprint” (WF) developed by Hoekstra and Hung in 2002. Water footprint network (URL 1) has been developed over the years with a dedicated group of researchers working on water footprint. The waterfootprintisusedtoaccountactual or true water consumption for a product,process,consumer, community, business, or a nation (Hoekstra, Chapagain, & Aldaya, 2011). 1.1 Classification of Water Footprint There are two classifications of water footprint. First, it is classified as direct and indirect to distinguish betweenthe natures of the WF. Direct WF is water consumed directly, such as drinking, washing, etc. and indirect WF is water consumed indirectly through the purchase of goods or services such as buying foods, clothes, etc. Second, it is divided into blue, green, and grey WF to account for various water sources and water quality levels. The blue WF refers to the water taken up from groundwater and surface water resources during the production of a commodity. The green WF is an indicator of the precipitated water that does not run off or recharge the groundwater but gets stored as moisture in the soil and ultimately taken up by plants for their growth or gets evaporated. The grey WF is the water required to dilute the water, coming out from a production line of a product, according to water quality standards
2.
International Research Journal
of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395-0056 Volume: 06 Issue: 07 | July 2019 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072 © 2019, IRJET | Impact Factor value: 7.211 | ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal | Page 1935 (Mekonnen & Hoekstra, 2011). It is importanttounderstand the difference between the water footprint of production (WFprod) and the water footprint of consumption (WFcons). The former is the sum of direct and indirect water use of regional water resource used in the process of production and latter is the sum of direct and indirect water use of regional and foreign waterresourcethroughdomestic consumption (Vanham, Hoekstra, & Bidoglio, 2013). 1.2 Assessment Techniques WF traces the flow of direct water consumed in every process involved. WF uses the concepts of material flow analysis (MFA) and life cycle assessment (LCA). However, WF measures on one attribute/unit, i.e., the volumeofwater and do not measure impact (Hoekstra et al., 2011). Common environmental impactsassociatedwith excessivefreshwater use are groundwater depletion, biodiversity loss, and freshwater pollution (Gleick, 2006). 1.3 Water Footprint of a city WF studies now are being more focused on the city scale, such as Zhang et al., 2011, Feng et al., 2010 and(Ahamset al., 2017). Studies at city level give information about the allocation of water resources at a local scale. This allows taking appropriate measures and changes to optimize freshwater use. Cities are a good market place to sell goods which are not locally produced. Thus, cities use local water sources mostly for direct water consumption while putting burden and stress for indirect consumption on water resources somewhere else where they are being manufactured. Water saving in cities can be created by trading from a place which requires lesser Virtual Water Content (VWC, water required to produce or manufacture a unit of a particular product) than from a place having higher VWC for the same product (A. K. Chapagain, Hoekstra, & Savenije, 2006). 1.4 Scope of the study In this study, we applied WFA(WaterFootprintAssessment) to find per capita consumption of water in Delhi as direct and indirect WF. WF of consumption can then help to find which sector or activities have higher water utilization and how can it be reduced. In India’s fight against poverty and hunger and to achieve food and water security, WF can play a huge role in the future, particularly in the agricultural sector (URL 2). Around 80% of fresh water is being used in agriculture (K Bharat & B Dkhar, 2018). Both food and water security are interconnected, and they should be looked with a more holistic approach at a local level. Current water productivity in agriculture in India is lower than that of the global average. With rapid population growth, it seems inevitable for India to become a water scarce nation (Rockstrom, Lannerstad, & Falkenmark, 2007). To tackle the situation, some possible ways are like increasing crop productivity, changing consumption patterns, or decreasing wastes and losses of agricultural products, all of which must go hand in hand. Similar to other environmental indicators, water footprint does not give a complete picture of every environmental aspect. Therefore, it shouldbeintegrated withother relevant indicators to get social, economic, and environmental insights. The WF can act as a partial tool in the decision- making process (Hoekstra et al., 2011). 2. METHODOLOGY AND DATASETS 2.1 Method This section describes the approach followed to determine and forecast the total water footprint in litres per capita per day (lpcd) and the losses as virtual water in different agricultural products for Delhi for the years 2011 and 2021. 2.2 Water Footprint Calculation The summation of the footprint of the individual product gives the total water footprint within the geographical boundaries of Delhi as given by equations below. where, WFDelhi=WFdirect +WFindirect [1] WFdirect = Direct WF = Water being supplied by DJB (Delhi Jal Board) and groundwater used by households andindustries in Delhi WFindirect = Indirect WF = Water being used indirectly in products such as food, clothes, petrol etc. [2] where, DWi= Direct water through ith source i = 1, 2….n [3] WFp= VWCp * w where, WFp = Water footprint of pth product p = 1, 2…m VWCp = Virtual Water Content of product p (m3/ton or l/kg) w = weight of product p consumed (ton or kg) 2.3 Forecast The trend of consumption of crop and livestock productsfor Delhi is assumed to be the same as for average India. The trend of consumption of various products was found out by
3.
International Research Journal
of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395-0056 Volume: 06 Issue: 07 | July 2019 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072 © 2019, IRJET | Impact Factor value: 7.211 | ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal | Page 1936 using the FAO database. Also, virtual water content for any product p (VWCp) is estimated to remain constant temporarily. Time series curves were developed for each agricultural product from the data collected from FAO (as shown in Appendix figures). Outliers were identified byusingbox plot of residuals. The equation used to find consumption for the year 2021: where, C2021,p: Consumption for product p (Delhi 2021) C,NSSO2011,p: Consumption for product p (Delhi, 2011) (Source: NSSO, 2014) C, FAO2011, p: Consumption for product p (Indian average, 2011) (Source: URL C) C, Estimated, FAO2021, p: Consumption for product p (Indian average, 2021). It was found out by using the best fit trend line for product p using FAO data from 1961 to 2013 (Source: URL C). Note: While forecasting, we excludedmiscellaneousWF from our system boundary. 2.4 Virtual Water Content (VWC) of Various Crops and Products Virtual water content(VWC) valuesweremajorlytakenfrom various Water Footprint Network (WFN) sources. 2.5 Datasets All the data collected to calculate the waterfootprintofDelhi were for the year 2011-12. The main reason being, the last census report was published in 2011 and hence, better accuracy on per capita consumption.Data wascollectedfrom different sources, suitable assumptions were made, and it has been reported in detail in the supplementary material. No primary data and industrial data were collected. The system boundary for this study is shown in figure 1. Fig -1: System boundaries for this study 2.5.1Direct Water Use and its Footprint Direct water consumed in Delhi comprises of surface water from various rivers and groundwater. Total direct water footprint in Delhi in 2011: WFdirect= 1020 MGD (Surface and Ground Water Use) + 0.34 MGD (Virtual water associated with the treatment of water, Neglected as it less than 0.03% of direct water use) = 1020 MGD = 3861MLD = 277 litres per day per capita (Population of Delhi in 2011 = 16.7 million) 2.5.2Indirect Water Use and its Footprint A total of 104 products were considered inthisreporttofind the water footprint of Delhi. 75 products in crops, 13 products in livestock, and 16 miscellaneous products,which are important in urban living were included in this study. Agricultural Products considered are as follows: Rice – P.D.S., Rice – other sources, Chira/Flattenedrice,Khoi, lawa(puffed rice), Muri(puffed rice), Other rice products, Wheat/atta – P.D.S., Wheat/atta – other sources, Maida/wheat flour, Bread: bakery, Other wheat products, Jowar(sorghum) and its products, Bajra(pearl millet)andits products, Maize and its products, Barley and its products, Small millets and its products, Ragi(African millet) and its products, Other cereals, Arhar/Pigeon pea , tur, Gram: split, Gram: whole, Moong/Green Gram, Masur/Red Lentil, Urd/Black lentils, Other pulses, Gram products, Besan or gram flour or chickpeas flour, Other pulse products, Sugar – PDS, Sugar – other sources, Gur/brown sugar, Mustard oil, Groundnut oil, Coconut oil, Refined oil, Edible oil: others, Potato, Onion, Tomato,Brinjal,Carrot,Palak(spinach)/other, Green chillies, Cauliflower, Cabbage, Gourd, pumpkin, Peas, Beans, barbate, Lemon, Other vegetables, Banana, Watermelon, Pineapple, Coconut , Green coconut, Papaya, Mango, Apple, Grapes, Groundnut, Dates, Cashewnut, Walnut, Other nuts, Pears/nashpati, Berries, Ginger, Garlic, Dhania/Coriander, Turmeric , Black pepper , Dry chillies, Oilseeds, Other spices, Milk: liquid, Milk: powder, Curd, Livestock Products: Ghee/hard fat, Butter, Cheese(kg), Eggs (no.), Fish, prawn, Goat meat/mutton, Beef/ buffalo meat, Pork, Chicken, Others: birds, crab, etc., Miscellaneous Products: Tea cups (no.), Coffee cups (no.), Cold drinks (L), Fruit juice and shake (no.), Bidi(no.), Cigarettes(no.), Tobacco(gm), Liquor (litre), Electricity (std units), Kerosene (litre), Petrol (litre), Coal (kg), L.P.G. (kg), Leather footwear (pair), Total no. of clothes (T Shirt equivalent), Bed sheet (no.) *All products were considered in kilograms unless mentioned otherwise.
4.
International Research Journal
of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395-0056 Volume: 06 Issue: 07 | July 2019 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072 © 2019, IRJET | Impact Factor value: 7.211 | ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal | Page 1937 2.6 Losses The virtual water loss due to inefficiencies in production, processing, packaging, and distribution has been calculated using data from FAO for the South and Southeast Asia in the year 2007 to 2009. The rate of losses and waste was assumed to remain the same during the period 2011 to 2021. 3. RESULTS 3.1 Water Footprint of Delhi in 2011 and 2021 The average water footprint of a person living in Delhi inthe year 2011 came out to be ~2913 lpcd with ~858 grams of average food consumption in a day.Detailedflowof WFfrom different products within system boundaries of this study is shown in figure 2. Food products (crop and livestock products) contribute ~ 85% of total WF. It was found crop WF as 1868 lpcd, 64% of total WF. Consumption of cereals, pulses, and edibleoil takes~84% of crop WF. Cereals alone contribute to ~60% of crop WF. Consumption of rice products and wheat products has a 91.7% share in cereals and contributeto~18%and~21%of total indirect WF respectively. WF of livestock products is 561 lpcd, which is ~19% of total WF. High consumption of milk (~166 grams/day) leads to high WF of dairy products. WF of meat per unit consumed is relatively high (~ 7000 l/kg) but lowerconsumptionofmeat results in lower WF, i.e. 192 lpcd. Miscellaneous products take about 7% of total WF, i.e. 207 lpcd. WF of energy requirement in 2011 through petrol, kerosene, coal, and electricity is ~ 70 litres per person per day. This is lower than average WF of clothesbought,i.e.106 lpcd. Direct water received in Delhi in 2011 was about 277 lpcd through various rivers and groundwater sources. Fig -2: Water footprint(lpcd) of Delhi in 2011 Fig- 3: Water footprint flow in Delhi 2011 in lpcd (excluding misc. products and groundwater) Fig- 0: Water footprint flow in Delhi 2021 in lpcd (excluding misc. products and groundwater) The present study estimates WF of Delhi as ~ 3034 lpcd in 2021, based on projected input data of food products adapted from FAO database and neglecting miscellaneous products due to its insignificant contribution. The results of this study have shown a 12.8% increase in total WF and ~6.5% increase in per day consumption from 858 grams per day in 2011 to 914 grams in 2021. A ~4% decrease in WF was found in cereals, a product with the highest individual contribution. Spices and sugar consumption and WF has shown a marginal decrease. All other product categories have shown increased WF. The WF of overall crop sector has been found to remain the same or increase marginally. Livestock WF is going to increase due to a shift in dietary patterns. Several projects are underway to increase direct WF by 66% in Delhi by DJB. Relative contribution of WFforyear2011and2021isshown in figures 3 & 4. Comparison of the flow of WF through various product categories in the year 2011 and 2021 has been made in figure 5 and figure 6.
5.
International Research Journal
of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395-0056 Volume: 06 Issue: 07 | July 2019 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072 © 2019, IRJET | Impact Factor value: 7.211 | ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal | Page 1938 Fig -5: Sectoral water footprint in Delhi in (a)2011 and (b)2021 Fig -6: Distribution of types of WF in Delhi in (a) 2011 and (b) 2021 3.2 Losses Due to inefficiencies in agricultural practices, the average virtual water lost in the year 2011 was 11239 million litres per day (MLD), which is going to increase to 12057 MLD in the year 2021. Average virtual water lost due to foodwasted after consumption was 1243 MLD in the year 2011 and will become 1268 MLD in the year 2021. Average virtual water lost for different products has been tabulated in table 1. Table -1: Losses of Virtual water in agricultural products (MLD) in 2011 and 2021 according to loss rates given by FAO Delhi 2011 Delhi 2021 Agricult ural Product Virtual Water lost before consum ption (MLD) Virtual Water lost after consum ption (MLD) Virtual Water lost before consum ption (MLD) Virtual Water lost before consum ption (MLD) Cereals 3289 533 2845 461 Oilseeds & pulses 2377 82 2816 97 Fruits & vegetabl es 3275 389 3703 439 Meat 369 85 369 85 Fish & seafood 92 5 122 6 Milk & Cheese 1280 60 1539 72 Spices & Nuts 285 46 309 50 Sugar 134 22 156 25 Eggs 139 22 197 32 Total 11239 1243 12057 1268 3.3 Sensitivity Analysis It was found that out of 38 categories ofproducts,5products were contributing 73% of indirect WF, and the rest 33 products contributed the remaining 27%. Two scenarios were made to find sensitivity: Scenario A: Variation in total WF due to variation in the water footprint of 33 products (contributing27%ofindirect WF) was studied. Other 5 products were assumed to have exact values of their WF. Scenario B: Variation in total WF due to variation in the water footprint of 5 products (contributing 73 % of indirect WF) was studied. Rest 33 products were assumed to have exact values of their WF. Chart -1: Percent variation in total WF with different percent variations in products according to scenario A Chart -2: Percent variation in total WF with different percent variations in products according to scenario B
6.
International Research Journal
of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395-0056 Volume: 06 Issue: 07 | July 2019 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072 © 2019, IRJET | Impact Factor value: 7.211 | ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal | Page 1939 3.4 Validation 1. The data from NSS 68 of consumption of various agricultural products shows a correlation with the data given by FAO for the year 2011. The variation in data may be attributed to: - The difference in sampling methods by FAO and NSSO - FAO database uses January to December as a reference period of one year while NSSO conducted interviews from June’11 to July’12. 2. According to ‘Water footprints of nations’ by Chapagain & Hoekstra, 2004, average Indian internal agricultural and livestock WF of production = 2485 lpcd using analysis period as 1997–2001. This study gives agricultural and livestock WF of consumption in Delhi= 2429.2 lpcd in the year 2011-12. 3. According to ‘The water footprintofIndia’by Kampman, 2007, the average Indian internal agricultural of production = 1802 lpcd using analysis period as 1997– 2001. This study gives agricultural of consumption in Delhi = 1868 lpcd in the year 2011-12. 4. CONCLUSIONS Food products (agricultural and livestock) have a major contribution (~ 90%) in WF of consumption for a person in Delhi. Rice and wheat products are the majorcontributors in crop water footprint due to high consumption. Our estimations showed that cereals’ consumption could decrease by ~4.2% from 2011 to 2021. Overall consumption of livestock products is estimated to increase by ~24%, chicken consumption might increase by ~45%. Results suggest, increase of 12.8% in total water footprint of Delhi from 2011 to 2021 is primarily because of direct and livestock water footprint increase. Direct water footprint is estimated to increase by 66% in this period. Results suggest indirect water footprint will have a marginal rise of ~7% from 2011 to 2021. It was found there is no significantwater footprint contribution (lessthan8%)ofproducts essential in urban living as discussed in this report (in per capita scale). This is because the relative contribution of food products is much higher than the products required in urban living. 5 major food products were identified whichcontributed73% of the total indirect WF and scenario based sensitivity analysis. It was estimated 1243 MLD of virtual water was lost inDelhi by food wastage in the year 2011. It was estimated 11239 MLD of virtual water was lost in theyear2011inproduction, storage and transportation phases. It was found virtual water lost due to inefficienciesinpost-harvestpracticessuch as storage and transportation is more than whatDelhineeds (direct water) in a day. It can be concluded enormous potential of water savings is there in Delhi as well as in India by reducing the losses in sowing, storage and transportation phases as well as by reducing the food wasted. It can ultimately lower the pollution levels in the streams by higher dilution. For rural regions, emphasis should be on sowing seasonal crops according to climatic conditions, soil productivity and water availability. Cities can play a crucial role in decreasing indirect losses by connecting them with rural areas through efficient transportation systems. Properstoragefacilitiesfor agricultural products can be used as an indicator for sustainable cities and can aid in water savings. REFERENCES 1. Ahams, I. C., Paterson, W., Garcia, S., Rushforth, R., Ruddell, B. L., & Mejia, A. (2017). Water Footprintof 65 Mid- to Large-Sized U.S. Cities and Their Metropolitan Areas. Journal of the American Water Resources Association, 53(5), 1147–1163. https://doi.org/10.1111/1752-1688.12563 2. Allan, J. A. (1996). Water Use and Development in Arid Regions:Environment, EconomicDevelopment and Water Resource Politics and Policy. Review of European Community and International Environmental Law, 5(2), 107–115. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467- 9388.1996.tb00258.x 3. Bhagat, R. B. (2011). of Urbanisation in India. Challenges, xlvI(34), 10–12. 4. Central Ground Water Board. (2016). GroundWater Scenario in India. 1–39. 5. Chapagain, a K., & Hoekstra, a Y. (2004). Water footprint of nations. Volume 1 : Main report. Value of Water Research Report Series, 1(16), 1–80. Retrieved from http://waterfootprint.org/media/downloads/Repo rt16Vol1.pdf 6. Chapagain, A. K., Hoekstra, A. Y., & Savenije, H. H. G. (2006). Water saving through international tradeof agricultural products. Hydrology and Earth System Sciences, 10(3), 455–468. https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-10-455-2006 7. Feng, K., Hubacek, K., Minx, J., Siu, Y. L., Chapagain, A., Yu, Y., … Barrett, J. (2010). Spatially Explicit Analysis of Water Footprints in the UK. Water, 3(1), 47–63. https://doi.org/10.3390/w3010047 8. Gleick, P. H. (2000). A look at twenty-first century water resources development. Water International, 25(1), 127–138. https://doi.org/10.1080/02508060008686804
7.
International Research Journal
of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395-0056 Volume: 06 Issue: 07 | July 2019 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072 © 2019, IRJET | Impact Factor value: 7.211 | ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal | Page 1940 9. Gleick, P. H. (2006). WaterandConflict:FreshWater Resources and International Security. International Security, 18(1), 79. https://doi.org/10.2307/2539033 10. Gupta, S. (2013). Ground Water Information - Greater Delhi. 1–20. 11. Hoekstra, A. Y., Chapagain, A. K., & Aldaya, M. M. (2011). The Water Footprint Assessment Manual. 12. K Bharat, G., & B Dkhar, N. (2018). DISCUSSION PAPER ALIGNING INDIA ’ S WATER RESOURCE POLICIES WITH THE SDGs. (November) 13. Kampman, D. (2007). The water footprint of India. Value of Water Research Report Series, (32), 152. Retrieved from http://www.utwente.nl/ctw/wem/education/afstu deren/afstudeerverslagen/2007/kampman.pdf 14. Mekonnen, M. M., & Hoekstra, A. Y. (2011). The green, blue and grey water footprint of crops and derived crop products. Hydrology and Earth System Sciences, 15(5), 1577–1600. https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-15-1577-2011 15. NSSO. (2014). Household Consumption of Various Goods and Services in India 2011-12. 558(558). 16. Rockstrom, J., Lannerstad, M., & Falkenmark, M. (2007). Assessing the water challenge of a new green revolution in developing countries. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 104(15), 6253–6260. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0605739104 17. United Nations. (2018). World Urbanization Prospects: The 2018 Revision, Key Facts. 2. https://doi.org/(ST/ESA/SER.A/366) 18. Vanham, D., Hoekstra, A. Y., & Bidoglio, G. (2013). Potential watersavingthroughchangesinEuropean diets. Environment International, 61, 45–56. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envint.2013.09.011 19. Zhang, Z., Yang, H., & Shi, M. (2011). Analyses of water footprint of Beijing in an interregional input- output framework. Ecological Economics, 70(12), 2494–2502. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolecon.2011.08.011 20. URL1: https://waterfootprint.org/en/ 21. URL2: https://niti.gov.in/content/voluntary- national-review-report 22. URL3: http://www.fao.org/faostat/en/#data/FBS BIOGRAPHIES Vaibhav, Master of Technology Scholar, Department of Environmental Engineering, Delhi Technological University Dr Bharat Jhamnani, Assistant Professor, Department of Civil Engineering, Delhi Technological University
Download now