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Solid waste management
1. SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT
IN INDIAN CITIES:
PRESENT PRACTICES
Presented by
Ar. Krishna Prakash
CEng, AMIE, M.Tech (IIT Kgp),
B.Arch (NIT Jaipur), B.A. (Hons.)
2. • Solid waste (SW) is the useless or unwanted solid (or semi solid)
materials that has no further value to its owner and discarded.
• SW is generally generated from residential, commercial and
industrial activities in
a given region.
• It includes management of –
✓Waste generation
✓Storage
✓Collection
✓transport
✓Processing
✓Disposal.
INTRODUCTION
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3. Fig 1a : Schematic representation of Solid Waste Management in cities
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4. According to its origin –
• Domestic, Industrial, Commercial, Construction and Industrial
Classification of Solid Wastes
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Municipal Solid Waste
AgricultureWaste
Mining Waste
Industrial Waste
Constructionand Demolition
debris
5. According to its contents -
Organic material, glass, metal, plastic paper, etc.,
According to hazard potential -
toxic, non-toxin, flammable, radioactive, infectious, etc.
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6. Schematic Solid Waste Management Process
Source : Modified from the Toolkit for Solid Waste Management Jawaharlal Nehru National Urban Renewal Mission, MoUD.
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7. • The annual quantity of solid waste generated in Indian cities -
Waste quantity (tons) Year
6 million 1947
48 million 1997
90 million 2009
300 million 2047
• Per capita generation rate of MSW
in India ranges from 0.2 to 0.7 kg/ day average of 0.5 kg / day.
• Per capita generation rate is high in some cities - Port Blair, Kochi, Chennai,
Vishakhapatnam, Pondicherry, Kolkata, Jammu, Delhi and Hyderabad.
• Per capita generation rate is observed to be low in other cities (Kohima,
Nasik, Imphal, Rajkot and Guwahati).
• MSW generation rates in small towns are lower than those of metro cities.
• In urban areas, the major fraction of municipal solid waste is compostable
materials (40%–60%) and inerts (30%–50%).
Present Status of Waste generation in India
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8. • The relative percentage of organic waste in municipal solid waste is
generally increasing with the decreasing socio-economic status.
• Most of cities supply more than 75% of their waste to dumpsites
(Ahmedabad, Asansol, Chandigarh, Delhi, Faridabad, Greater Mumbai,
Jaipur, amshedpur, Kanpur, Lucknow, Ludhiana, Mangalore, Pune and
Vadodara).
• As per the Annual Report, 2010-11, waste processing plants
(compost/vermi compost) have been set up in Andhra Pradesh (32
Nos.), Chhatishgarh (15), Delhi (3), Gujarat (86), Himachal Pradesh (13),
Kerala (29), Maharashtra (125) .
• Also, improvement in SWM were reported in the state of Andhra
Pradesh, Chandigarh, Delhi, Goa, Gujarat, Himachal Pradesh, Karnataka,
Meghalaya, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Orissa and West Bengal.
(CPCB, 2011)
Source : Status Report on Municipal Solid Waste Management - 2011, Central Pollution
Control Board (Ministry of Environment & Forests), Delhi
Waste generation and characteristics
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10. A global comparison of garbage
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Source : CPCB, 2005 Source: https://www.cambridge.org/
11. Main issues regarding SWM in India Cities
• It has been observed that house-to-house collection is most critical
issue in the entire management of MSW.
• Generally solid waste is disposed off in low-lying areas, outskirts of
cities, alongside roads or any vacant place.
• Handling of waste by solid waste workers is done without taking any
precautions or protective measures which lead to many
communicable and non-communicable diseases to them.
• Bins neither they are properly designed as per requirements and
quantity nor they are placed at proper places so that they are within
reach of everybody.
• Vehicles transporting this waste are also not designed properly.
Neither they are covered nor equipped with instruments to collect
the whole waste.
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12. Main issues regarding SWM in India Cities
• Landfill sites are also not scientifically designed so create air, water
and soil pollution. Waste workers work on these sites work without
any protective measures are prone to various diseases.
• Also incineration method is usually followed in maximum places to
reduce the waste which itself releases many toxic elements and
gases to the environment making the people ill.
• Lack of coordination among various departments of civic bodies also
lead to poor management of solid waste management.
• Public apathy and low social status assigned to this task has made
the situation worse.
Source : Status Report on Municipal Solid Waste Management - 2011, Central Pollution
Control Board (Ministry of Environment & Forests), Delhi
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16. 16/16
Time it takes for garbageto decomposein the environment:
• Glass Bottle.................... 1 million years
• Monofilament Fishing Line… 600 years
• Plastic Beverage Bottles…… 450 years
• Disposable Diapers………… 450 years
• Aluminum Can..................... 80-200 years
• Foamed Plastic Buoy……… 80 years
• Foamed Plastic Cups……… 50 years
• Rubber-Boot Sole............... 50-80 years
• Tin Cans……………………. 50 years
• Leather................................ 50 years
• Nylon Fabric........................ 30-40 years
• Plastic Film Container........ 20-30 years
• Plastic Bag.......................... 10-20 years
• Cigarette Butt...................... 1-5 years
• Wool Sock............................ 1-5 years
• Plywood……………………. . 1-3 years
• Waxed Milk Carton………… 3 months
• Apple Core………………… . 2 months
• Newspaper………………….. 6 weeks
• Orange or Banana Peel...... 2-5 weeks
• Paper Towel……………….. 2-4 weeks
Source: U.S. National Park Service; Mote Marine Lab, Sarasota, FL.
17. [1] Gupta, N., Yadav, K. K., & Kumar, V. (2015). A review on current status of municipal
solid waste management in India. Journal of Environmental Sciences.
[2] Hazra, T., & Goel, S. (2009). Solid waste management in Kolkata, India: Practices
and challenges. Waste management, 2(1), 470-478.
[3] Kumar, K. N., & Goel, S. (2009). Characterization of municipal solid waste (MSW)
and a proposed management plan for Kharagpur, West Bengal, India.Resources,
Conservation and Recycling, 53(3), 166-174.
[4] Gu, B., Wang, H., Chen, Z., Jiang, S., Zhu, W., Liu, M., ... & Bi, J. (2015).
Characterization, quantification and management of household solid waste: A case
study in China. Resources, Conservation and Recycling, 98, 67-75.
[5] Pirani, S. I., & Arafat, H. A. (2014). Solid waste management in the hospitality
industry: A review. Journal of environmental management, 146, 320-336.
[6] Rajesh R. Pai, Lewlyn L. R. Rodrigues, Asish Oommen Mathew, Sunith Hebbar
“Impact of Urbanization on Municipal Solid Waste Management: A System Dynamics
Approach”, ISSN 2348-0157, Vol. 02, No. 01, January 2014.
[7] C Chandramouli (23 August 2011). "Census of India 2011 – A Story of Innovations".
Press Information Bureau, Government of India.
[8] Brady D, Beckfield J and Seeleib-Kaiser M (2005) Economic globalization and the
welfare state in affluent democracies – 1975–2001. American Sociological Review
70(6): 921–948.
[9] Corbridge S and Harriss J (2001) Reinventing India: Liberalization, Hindu
Nationalism and Popular Democracy. New Delhi: Oxford University Press.
REFERENCES
18. Thank You !Krishna Prakash
Email : krishna2007prakash@gmail.com
Mobile : +91-9265516718, +91-9012015951