https://irjet.net/archives/V7/i3/IRJET-V7I389.pdf

1. International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395-0056
Volume: 07 Issue: 03 | Mar 2020 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072
© 2020, IRJET | Impact Factor value: 7.34 | ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal | Page 529
SMART BUS TRANSPORTATION WITH AUTOMATIC CARDIAC ARREST
DETECTION SYSTEM
MD. Rehana1, P. Greeshma Lakshmi2, V. Rani Samyuktha3
1,2,3Student, Bachelor of Technology in Dept. of Computer Science and Engineering, Dhanekula Institute of
Engineering and Technology, Andhra Pradesh, India
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Abstract - In this world journey is one of the most needed for
daily life. Vehicle plays a significant role in transportation.
There are many causes of road accidents one such cause isdue
to heart strokes of the drivers. In the case of a bus, it not only
affects the driver but also the passengers on the bus. This
problem can be solved by implementing the device after
detecting the abnormal heartbeat rate of the driver and
taking an immediate action. As there is no such device
previously, it becomes the first device that saves the lives of all
drivers, most probably the RTC bus drivers from heart stroke
during their driving. The device that is placed on the contact
parts of drivers such as steering, driver seat senses the heart
beat rate, if it becomes abnormal then the device inthevehicle
will automatically sends an emergency signal and also the
exact location to the nearby hospitals only after having the
confirmation of abnormal heart beat rate. It makes a buzzer
sound in order to alert the passengers in the vehicle and also
the passengers nearby the vehicle. Simultaneously the device
which is connected to the vehicle braking system will try to
slow down the speed of the vehicle to avoid accidents and to
save the passengers, driver and also surroundingpeople, butif
it encounters any obstacle then the vehicle halts immediately.
So this is the apt solution to the problem.
Key Words: Heart stroke, abnormal heart beat,
emergency signal, buzzer sound, braking system
1. INTRODUCTION
In this embedded bus transportation system, driver
distraction is the leading cause of most vehicle crashes. In
traditional accident alert system, when a driver met with an
accident can be informed to respective family members
through an SMS and GPS location will be sending to the
owners but there is no system which monitors the driver
conditions and avoid accidents. The driver alert system is
used to avoid accident occurrence due to driver abnormal
behavior. This device mainly focuses to save the bus driver
from getting heartstroke by using alert system.
Fig -1: Death of bus driver due to heart stroke
2. EXISTNG PROBLEM
Journey is most needed in our daily life. Vehicle plays a
significant role in transportation. There are many causes of
road accidents one such cause is due to heart strokes of the
drivers. The prevalence of heart strokes is increased byover
50% in the past 25 years. The common heart stroke
symptoms are chest pain, discomfort in the areas of upper
body, shortness of breath, sweating. In the case of a bus, it
not only affects the driver but alsothepassengersonthebus.
Refer:
https://www.newindianexpress.com/states/kerala/2018/a
pr/15/kerala-bus-driver-dies-on-the-wheel-with-cardiac-
arrest-passengers-unhurt-1801714.html
Fig -2: Accident due to heart stroke of bus driver
3. PROPOSED SOLUTION
The device that is placed on the contact parts of drivers such
as steering, driver seat senses the heart beat rate, if it
becomes abnormal then the device in the vehicle will

2. International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395-0056
Volume: 07 Issue: 03 | Mar 2020 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072
© 2020, IRJET | Impact Factor value: 7.34 | ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal | Page 530
automatically sends an emergency signal and also the exact
location to the nearby hospitals only after having the
confirmation of abnormal heart beat rate. It makes a buzzer
sound in order to alert the passengers in the vehicle andalso
the passengers nearbythevehicle.Simultaneouslythedevice
which is connected to the vehicle braking system will try to
slow down the speed of the vehicle to avoid accidents and to
save the passengers, driver and alsosurroundingpeople, but
if it encounters any obstacle then the vehicle halts
immediately.
4. BLOCK DIAGRAM
Fig -3: Block Diagram
4.1 Power Supply
This is meant for supplying Power to all the sections
mentioned above. It basically consists of a Transformer to
step down the high current to low voltage followed by
diodes. AC is rectified to DC using Diodes.Thecapacitorfilter
is used to filter the obtained rippled DC. The obtained dc
voltage is regulated using a positive voltage regulator.
Fig -4: Stepdown transformer
4.2 Microcontroller
The Arduino is a microcontroller board based on
ATmega328. It has 14 digital input/output pins (of which 6
can be used as PWM outputs), 6 analog inputs, a USB
connection and a reset button. It contains everythingneeded
to support the microcontroller; simply connect it to a
computer with a USB to get started.
Fig -5: Arduino
4.3 Pulse Sensor
Pulse Sensor is used to sense the heartbeat rate of a
person. It is easy to incorporate live heart rate data into
the projects. The sensor clips onto a fingertip and plugs
right into Arduino with some jumper cables.
Fig -6: Pulse sensor
4.4 Ultrasonic Sensor
An ultrasonic sensor is a sensor that measures the
distance to an object using ultrasonic sound waves. An
ultrasonic sensor sends and receives ultrasonic pulses
that relay back information about an object’s proximity.
This sensor determines the distance to an object by
measuring time lapses between the sending and
receiving of the ultrasonic waves.
Fig -7: Ultrasonic sensor
4.5 GPS
GPS (Global PositioningSystem)using whichanyonecan
always obtain the position information anywhere in the
world. The GPS module for Arduino allows connecting
to your Arduino board to get latitude and longitude
information.

3. International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395-0056
Volume: 07 Issue: 03 | Mar 2020 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072
© 2020, IRJET | Impact Factor value: 7.34 | ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal | Page 531
Fig -8: GPS
4.6 LCD Display
LCD (Liquid Crystal Display) is an electronic display
module used to produce a visible image. The 2x16 LCD
display is a very basic module commonly used in
circuits. The 2x16 translates a display 16 charactersper
line in 2 such lines.
Fig -9: LCD Display
4.7 GSM Module
GSM(Global System for Mobile communication). A GSM
module is a circuit that is used to establish
communication between a mobile device and a GSM
system. A SIM is inserted into the GSM through which it
sends SMS using Arduino to the mobile number
specified inside the program.
Fig -10: GSM Modem
4.8 DC Motor
Microcontroller controls the DC fan using IC L293D
motor control. This IC L293D is a motor driver used to
control the speed and direction of DC motor. It also
offers isolation between microcontroller andthemotor.
Motor speed can be controlled by the use of pulse width
modulation (PWM) technique.
Fig -11: Motor
4.9 DC Motor Driver
Motor driver is a current amplifier that takes lower
current control signal and providehighercurrentsignal.
This higher current signal is used fordrivingthe motors.
4.10 Buzzer
A buzzer or beeper is an audio signaling device for the
purpose of alerting.
Fig -12: Buzzer
5. CONCLUSION
Now days we have an increased risk of heart attacks. This
system which helps to detect heartrateofpersonusingheart
beat sensor. This system also helps for obstacle monitoring
system. This system which helps to measure heartbeat of
person. We will make this system so that it can save the
passengers, driver and also surrounding people.
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4. International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395-0056
Volume: 07 Issue: 03 | Mar 2020 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072
© 2020, IRJET | Impact Factor value: 7.34 | ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal | Page 532
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