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IRJET- Investigation on Soil Stabilization using Jute Fibre and Glass Powder
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IRJET- Investigation on Soil Stabilization using Jute Fibre and Glass Powder
1.
International Research Journal
of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395-0056 Volume: 06 Issue: 03 | Mar 2019 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072 © 2019, IRJET | Impact Factor value: 7.211 | ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal | Page 2683 INVESTIGATION ON SOIL STABILIZATION USING JUTE FIBRE AND GLASS POWDER K.ArunKumar1,M.G.Beemara2,R.BharathKumar3,G.DineshKumar4,S.K.Divya5 1,2,3,4UGStudent,DepartmentofCivilEngineering,ValliammaiEngineeringCollege,Tamilnadu,India 5Assistantprofessor(O.G),DepartmentofCivilEngineering,ValliammaiEngineeringCollege,Tamilnadu,India ---------------------------------------------------------------------***---------------------------------------------------------------------- Abstract - Soil stabilization can be explainedasthealteration of soil properties by chemical and physical means in order to enhance the engineering quality of soil. The main objective of soil stabilization is to increase the bearing capacity of soil, its resistance to weathering process and soil permeability. Stabilization techniques are necessary to ensure the good stability of soil. It saves a lot of time and money when compared to the method of cutting out and replacing the unstable soil. This project deals with the complete analysis of the improvement of soil properties and its stabilization using jute fibre and glass powder. Key Words: Soil Stabilization, Clay Soil, Jute Fibre, Glass Powder, Compaction, Strength. 1. INTRODUCTION Soil is good and comfortable material for the construction purpose so it also very important to know about the properties and feasibilities of used soil before use in any kind of construction process. For any land-based structure, foundation is very important and has to be strong tosupport the entire structure. In order for the foundation to be strong, the soil around it plays a very critical role. So, to work with soil, we need to have proper knowledge about their behaviour. The process of soil stabilization helps to achieve the required properties in a soil needed for the construction work. From the beginning of construction work, the necessity of enhancing soil properties has come to the light. Some types of soil have low bearing capacity and do not fulfil the engineeringworks. So to improve the engineering properties of soil and make it suitable for engineering works soil stabilization is needed. Soil stabilization is the process which improves the engineering properties of soil and makes it stable. The main objective of soil stabilization is to improve the strength and stability of soil and mainly to lower the construction cost. The stability and bearing capacity of soil depends on the shear strength, which is directlyproportional tothetypeand condition of soil. In some of the situation where two materials do not have the desired engineering properties, but when they mix together, they produce satisfactory material. The new stabilized material will bemorestable and fulfill the desired conditions. 1.1 Objective 1. To improve the locally available soil using some eco-friendly and waste materials. 2. To determine the appropriate jute fibre and glass fibre content ratio to achieve the maximum gain in strength of soil. 3. To compare the original soil with that of remoulded soil to known the behavioural change. 4. To reduce compressibility and thereby settlements. To increase the load bearing capacity. 1.2 Scope Soil stabilization is important industry practice, especially crucial for construction jobs. It is used for altering the soil properties like shear strength, prevention of shrinking & swelling due to moisture & other environmental stimulus. In order to have a strong foundation. 2. EXPERIMENTAL MATERIALS 2.1 Clay soil Clayey soil are inorganic clays of medium to high compressibility and form a major soil group in India. The clayey soil is very hard when dry, but loses its strength completely when in wet condition. Changes in the moisture content of clay soil are generally accompanied by volume changes. On moisture uptake, there is generally a volume increase and moisture loss is accompanied by shrinkage. Expansive soils swell when given access to water and shrink when they dry out. Soils containing the clay mineral montmorillonite generally exhibit high swelling properties. The basic units of which the clay is made are silica (SiO2) tetrahedral sheets and Aluminium (Al) or Magnesium (Mg) Oxide octahedral sheets.
2.
International Research Journal
of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395-0056 Volume: 06 Issue: 03 | Mar 2019 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072 © 2019, IRJET | Impact Factor value: 7.211 | ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal | Page 2684 Fig 2.1 Clay Soil 2.2 Jute Fibre Jute is a long, soft, shiny vegetable fibre that can bespuninto coarse, strong threads. It is produced from plants in the genus “Corchorus”. The "Jute" is the name of the plant or fibre that is used to make burlap, hessianorgunnycloth.Jute is one of the most affordable natural fibres and is second only to cotton in amount produced and variety of uses of vegetable fibres. Jute fibres are composed primarily of the plant materials cellulose and lignin. The fibres are off-white to brown, and 1-4 metres (3-13 feet) long. Jute is also called "the golden fibre" for its colour and high cash value. The jute plant needs a plain alluvial soil and standing water.Jutefibre is 100% bio-degradable and recyclable and thus environmentally friendly. It is one of the most versatile natural fibres that has been used in raw materials for packaging,textiles,non-textile,construction,andagricultural sectors. The suitable climate for growing jute (warm and wet) is offered by the monsoon climate, during themonsoon season. Temperatures from 20 to 40 and relative humidity of 70% - 80% are favourable for successful cultivation. Jute requires 5-8 cm of rainfall weekly,andmore during the sowing time. For this project, we have adopted the jute fibre as diameter of 2 mm and length of 20 mm. Table 2.2 Properties of Jute Fibre Property Range Fibre Length, mm 15 – 30 Fibre Diameter, mm 2 – 5 Specific Gravity 1.3 Colour Yellowish brown Fig 2.2 Jute Fibre 2.3 Glass Powder Glass is an inert, amorphous, non-crystalline material which is typically brittle and optically transparent. Many silica based glasses that exist, ordinary glazingandcontainerglass is formed from a specific type called soda-lime glass, composed of approximately 75% silicon dioxide (Si ), sodium oxide ( ) from sodium carbonate ( ), calcium oxide (Ca ), also called lime and several minor additives. Locally available waste glass has been collected and it is made into powdered form. Before adding the glass powder in the soil it has to be powdered to required size. In this study glass powder of particle size less the 90 micron was used. To improve the engineering properties of soil we are going for mixing of broken glass powder in the soil aswe know that it has the various properties likeitisa totallynon- biodegradable material and it is also a totally inert material and can be useful to enhance the various road building elements strength and it also cannot get degraded in a very simple manner it has it’s degradation phenomenon which is very much similar to the degradation of natural rocks. Table 2.3 Properties of Glass Powder Property Range Specific Gravity 2.6 Colour White Particle Size < 90
3.
International Research Journal
of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395-0056 Volume: 06 Issue: 03 | Mar 2019 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072 © 2019, IRJET | Impact Factor value: 7.211 | ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal | Page 2685 Fig 2.3 Glass Powder 3. METHODOLOGY OF EXPERIMENT 3.1 Mixing Proportions The percentage of jute fibre and glass powder by dry weight of soil was taken for the tests were done on clayey soil with 0% jute fibre and glass powder and also on clayey soil with different proportions of jute fibre and glass powder like 1%, 2%. In this project we have conductedvariousexperimentto find the stabilization of the sub base using the jute fibre and glass powder the various test were conducted to find the stabilization of the sub base based on IS standards. 3.2 Tests to be conducted 1) Specific Gravity 2) Atterberg Limits a) Liquid Limit b) Plastic Limit 3) Standard Proctor Compaction 4) Unconfined Compression Strength 3.3 Standard Clay Soil Results Table 3.3 Standard Clay Soil Properties Soil Properties Results Specific Gravity 2.51 Liquid Limit (%) 35.5 Plastic Limit (%) 39.16 Optimum Moisture Content (%) 14.28 Maximum Dry Density (g/cm3) 2.15 UnconfinedCompressionStrength (kN/m2) 7.26 1.6 1.65 1.7 1.75 1.8 1.85 1.9 5 10 15 DryDensity,g/cm3 Moisture Content, % Fig 3.3 a) Proctor Compaction Graph 0 2 4 6 8 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 Stress,kN/m2 Strain, % Fig 3.3 b) Unconfined Compression Graph 4. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 4.1 Addition of Stabilizer and Testing 4.1.1 Atterberg Limits Table 4.1.1 Atterberg Limits Results Sl. No Replacement Details Liquid Limit (%) Plastic Limit (%) 1 Clay Soil + 1% Jute Fibre 38 31.66 2 Clay Soil + 2% Jute Fibre 46 28.75 3 Clay Soil + 1% Glass Powder 43 33.8 4 Clay Soil + 2% Glass Powder 50 17.16
4.
International Research Journal
of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395-0056 Volume: 06 Issue: 03 | Mar 2019 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072 © 2019, IRJET | Impact Factor value: 7.211 | ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal | Page 2686 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 0 10 20 30 40 50 WaterContent,% No. of Blows, n Fig 4.1.1 a) Liquid Limit graph for 1% Jute Fibre 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 0 20 40 60 WaterContent,% Fig 4.1.1 b) Liquid Limit graph for 2% Jute Fibre 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 0 10 20 30 40 WaterContent,% Fig 4.1.1 c) Liquid Limit graph for 1% Glass Powder 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 0 10 20 30 40 WaterContent,% No. of blows, n Fig 4.1.1 d) Liquid Limit graph for 2% Glass Powder 4.1.2 Proctor Compaction Table 4.1.2 Proctor Compaction Results Sl. No Replacement Details OMC (%) MDD (g/cm3) 1 Clay Soil + 1% Jute Fibre 18.18 2.49 2 Clay Soil + 2% Jute Fibre 14.25 1.76 3 Clay Soil + 1% Glass Powder 13.04 1.87 4 Clay Soil + 2% Glass Powder 16.67 1.72 1.4 1.6 1.8 2 2.2 2.4 2.6 2.8 0 10 20 30 40 DryDensity,g/cm3 Moisture Content, % Fig 4.1.2 a) Compaction Curve for 1% Jute Fibre
5.
International Research Journal
of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395-0056 Volume: 06 Issue: 03 | Mar 2019 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072 © 2019, IRJET | Impact Factor value: 7.211 | ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal | Page 2687 1 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.6 1.7 1.8 1.9 2 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 DryDensity,g/cm3 Moisture Content, % Fig 4.1.2 b) Compaction Curve for 2% Jute Fibre 1.4 1.5 1.6 1.7 1.8 1.9 2 0 4 8 12 16 20 DryDensity,g/cm3 Moisture Content, % Fig 4.1.2 c) Compaction Curve for 1% Glass Powder 1 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.6 1.7 1.8 1.9 2 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 DryDensity,g/cm3 Moisture Content, % Fig 4.1.2 d) Compaction Curve for 2% Glass Powder 4.1.3 Unconfined Compression Strength Table 4.1.3 Unconfined Compression Results Sl. No Replacement Details Unconfined Compression Strength (kN/m2) 1 Clay Soil + 1 % Jute Fibre 26.67 2 Clay Soil + 2% Jute Fibre 154.17 3 Clay Soil + 1% Glass Powder 20.78 4 Clay Soil + 2% Glass Powder 71.53 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 0 2 4 6 8 10 Stress,kN/m2 Strain, % Fig 4.1.3 a) Stress-Strain Curve for 1% Jute Fibre 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 0 5 10 Stress,kN/m2 Fig 4.1.3 b) Stress-Strain Curve for 2% Jute Fibre
6.
International Research Journal
of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395-0056 Volume: 06 Issue: 03 | Mar 2019 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072 © 2019, IRJET | Impact Factor value: 7.211 | ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal | Page 2688 0 5 10 15 20 25 0 5 10 15 Stress,kN/m2 Fig 4.1.3 c) Stress-Strain Curve for 1% Glass Powder 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 0 5 10 15 20 25 Stress,kN/m2 Strain, % Fig 4.1.3 d) Stress-Strain Curve for 2% Glass Powder 5. CONCLUSION In the present study the behaviour and propertiesoftheclay soil is determined. The use of modern soil stabilization techniques hassignificantlyhelpedingroundimprovements. Soil stabilization using jute fibre and glass powder can be effectively used to meet the challenges of society. The admixtures as jute fibre and glass powder were added in varying percentages of 1%, 2% respectively. From this project soil stabilization using 2% jute fibre cansignificantly enhances the properties of the soil used in construction of road and infrastructure. Results include a better and long- lasting road and structures with increased loading capacity. The unconfined compression test and also the dry density and optimum moisture content was obtained in standard proctor compaction test are given below, Optimum water content during performing proctor compaction test of clay soil is 14.25 % at 1.76g/cm3 dry density. Maximum strength attained in the mix of 2% jute fibre is 154.17 kN/m2. REFERENCES [1] Akhil Goyal, Ved Prakash, Vishal Kumar , “Soil Stabilization of Clayey Soil Using Jute Fibre and Gypsum” International Journal of Innovative Research in Science, Engineering and Technology (IJIRSET) Volume 5, Issue 8 – 2017. [2] Anzar Hamid, Huda Shafiq , “Subgrade Soil Stabilization using Jute Fibre as a Reinforcing Material” International Journal of Engineering Development and Research (IJEDR)Volume5,Issue 1 – 2017. [3] Gowtham S , Naveenkumar A , Ranjithkumar R , Vijayakumar P , Sivaraja M, “StabilizatonofClaySoil by using Glass and Plastic Waste Powder” International Journal of Engineering and Techniques (IJET) Volume 4 ,Issue 2 – 2018. [4] IS 2720 :1980 (Part III/Sec 1) - Determination of Specific gravity (Fine grained soils). [5] IS 2720 : 1985 (Part V) - Determination of Liquid and Plastic Limit. [6] IS 2720 : 1980 (Part VII) - Determination of Water Content-Dry Density relation using Compaction. [7] IS 2720 : 1991(Part X) - Determination of Unconfined Compressive Strength.
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