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1.
International Research Journal
of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395-0056 Volume: 06 Issue: 04 | Apr 2019 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072 © 2019, IRJET | Impact Factor value: 7.211 | ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal | Page 2966 Intelligent Fruit Drying System using Infrared Radiation Heating Mechanism Dr. Madhukar S. Chavan¹, Mr. Ketan V. Hulle² 1Professor, Electronics and Telecommunication Engg. Department, P.V.P.I.T. Budhgaon, Sangli. Maharashtra, India 2Student Electronics and Telecommunication Engg. Department, P.V.P.I.T. Budhgaon, Sangli. ---------------------------------------------------------------------***--------------------------------------------------------------------- Abstract - Drying is one of the traditional methods for food preservation. Drying of grapes produces raisins. Sun drying and shade drying methods need more space and there is possibility of contamination due to external environment conditions. Present days there Microwave (MW) dehydration, Automatic SolarfruitdryersandInfraredradiationdryers have been utilized for the grape drying process.Inthis papermodifiedtechniqueofpresentgrapedryingmethodusingIR radiation is suggested. It is distinctly different from conventional or natural drying. The infrared radiations accelerate drying process with a better control to achieve uniform drying and reduced dryingtime. Theproposedsystemmakesthe use of vacuum chamber which is weather independent and improves the quality by maintaining texture and colour of raisins. The operation of the system makes use of nonconventional source of energy so it is cost effective. Efficient utilization of this system by the farmers will lead to profit optimization. Key Words: Grape drying, Infrared radiation, Controller, Vacuum chamber, Raisins 1. INTRODUCTION In the drying method moisture content from the grapes is removed. In India, raisin is mostly produced in Sangli, Solapur and Nasik districts of Maharashtra and Bijapur districtin Karnataka.Around1.2milliontonesofgrapesareproducedinIndia every year [1]. In India during raisin production shade drying, sun drying are the traditional type of drying methods used [2]. The quality of the raisins depends on size, texture, sugar content and type of drying method used.CertainPre-treatmentsaremade before the final drying process. In pre-treatment process bunches of grapes are dipped in Ethyl oleate (2%), Potassium Carbonate (2.5%) and water (95.5%) to get non-sticky and soft texture [3]. After dipping process grapes are dried by conventional methods. Sun drying is the most cost effective with some limitations. Sun drying and shadedryingmethodsneed more space and there is possibility of contamination due to external environment conditions. The direct exposure to the sunlight affects the quality of raisins. Above drying methods rely on weather conditions and takes long-time to complete the drying process (15-20 days) [4]. In recent years there has been a remarkable achievement in grapes drying methods due to continuous research and development. Microwave (MW) dehydration, Automatic Solar fruit dryers and Infrared radiation dryers have been utilized for the grape drying process. Infrared radiation is electromagnetic radiation producedby anyobject above the temperature of absolute zero degrees and can be used to dry food and agricultural products. It improves thequality of raisin by maintaining texture and colour of raisins by uniform drying. 2. BLOCK DIAGRAM OF FRUIT DRYING SYSTEM The proposed system that overcomes the drawbacks of traditional drying methods by implementing Infrared Radiation technique for grapes drying i.e. raisin production is shown in Fig.1. The proposed system uses vacuum chamber based drying process. The tray of grapes to be dried is to be placed in vacuum chamber. Load cell monitors weight of the grapes. On the top of the vacuum chamber aperture plate and Infrared radiation (IR) filter allows only IR radiation to penetrateinthechamber is present. When sun light enters chamber the light is filtered allowing only IR radiations to penetrate in the chamber. The penetration of infrared rays in the vacuum chamber generates heat energy that evaporates moisture from grapes [6].The moisture content in vacuum chamber is removed by vacuum pump, this speed-ups the drying process. Due to evaporation of moisture content from grapes weight reduces. When weight of grapes becomes when 30% of the original weight load cell and related electronics generates alarm. Once alarm is generated, the ON/OFF mechanismturnsoffpenetrationofIRradiationinto the vacuum chamber.
2.
International Research Journal
of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395-0056 Volume: 06 Issue: 04 | Apr 2019 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072 © 2019, IRJET | Impact Factor value: 7.211 | ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal | Page 2967 Fig.1 Fruit Drying System Then the raisins are taken out from the chamber and are ready to use. Separate solar panel is used to charge the batteriesthat provides power to the IR radiators during night time (absence of sunlight) The light Intensity sensor continuously monitors intensity of light. In the absence of light automatic switching mechanism turn on power to Infrared radiators. The vacuum is created by vacuum pump in the vacuum chamber [1]. For removing moisture from vacuum chamber a closed loop system is designed by using moisture sensor, vacuum pump and related electronics. Thetemperatureinvacuumchamberis maintained by closed loop control system designed using temperature sensor, aperture control mechanism and related electronics. Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT) control algorithm is used to charge the battery using solar. This algorithm avoids overcharging and deep charging of battery [7]. The Arduino controller is used to develop battery charge control [8]. 3. SOFTWARE DESIGN The entire hardware system alone cannot serve the purpose, unless the real-time program instructions are flashed into the hardware. The software partplays an important role to coordinateandcontrolalltheperipheralsconnectedwiththecontroller, the system becomes functional by configuring and initializing the peripherals as per the software instructions. Fig. 2 Flowchart
3.
International Research Journal
of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395-0056 Volume: 06 Issue: 04 | Apr 2019 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072 © 2019, IRJET | Impact Factor value: 7.211 | ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal | Page 2968 In the beginning all the sensors, controllers and entire components are initialized. Atfirstthegrapesareplacedintraywhichis mounted on weighing sensor. The sensor reads the weight and displays the same on LCD. The weight is continuously monitored, when the weight goes 30% of its initial weight alarm is generated andweightisdisplayedonLCD.Thetemperature in the chamber is monitored by temperature sensor. When the temperature crosses the set point the aperture plate is closed and the incoming radiations from sun are reduced. The light intensity sensor monitors the lux in the sun light. As the light intensity of sun reduces the IR panel from the vacuum chamber is turned ON. The moisture humidity sensors sense the moisture inside the vacuum chamber. The vacuum pump extracts the moisture and maintains vacuum in chamber. 4. HARDWARE IMPLEMENTATION 4.1 MICROCONTROLLER:- A 89C52 microcontroller is used for controlling and monitoring the fruit drying process automatically. It is a low power, high performance CMOS 8 bit microcontroller. The entire fruit drying process is controlled automatically using microcontroller. Various sensors data is collected by the microcontroller. Based on the sensors reading the microcontroller provides the real time information regarding environmental condition of fruit drying system. The user can retrieve updated information about different parameters like temperature, moisture, light intensity and weight. Microcontroller controls the ON/OFFmechanism switching depending on the sensors information and eliminates the manual interference in fruit drying process. 4.2 MPPT UNIT The MPPT (Maximum Power Point Tracking) unit in photovoltaic power systems increasesthesystem efficiencybyincreasing the output power. Generally the PV panel generates nonlinear voltage-current characteristics and its unique point varieswith solar irradiation where the maximum power is produced. To extract maximum power from the solarpanel,itneedstooperate the photovoltaic (PV) system at the maximum power point (MPP) or unique point. The Intelligent Fruit Drying System uses solar energy for drying fruits. The IR panels are operated using solar charged batteries. 4.3 HUMIDITY SENSOR The humidity sensor module ST-HS-220 senses the relative humidity. The module convertstherelativehumiditytotheoutput voltage. It operates on 5V DC voltage. It operates upto 60⁰C and storage temperature upto 85⁰C. The sensor is installed inside the vacuum chamber. The humidity sensor module is connected to 8 bit microcontroller. 4.4 LIGHT INTENSITY SENSOR LDR is used to sense the light intensity. The resistance is inversely dependent on amount of light falling on it. It uses active semiconductor layer deposited on insulating substrate. It has low cost photo sensitive element. At constant temperature the illumination is upto 150 lux. 4.5 WEIGHT SENSOR The weight sensor HX711 is mounted inside the chamber. It is 24 bit analog to digital converter (ADC). The input multiplexer selects channel A or B differential input to the low-noise programmable gain amplifier (PGA). Channel A can be programmed with a gain of 128 or 64, corresponding to a full-scale differential input voltage of ±20mV or ±40mV respectively, when a 5V supply is connected to AVDD analog power supply pin. Channel B has a fixed gain of 32. On-chip power supply regulator for load-cell and ADC analog power supply. Due to on chip powersupplyregulatorthere isnoneedforanexternal supplyregulator to give analog power for the ADC and the sensor. Clock input is flexible.On-chiposcillatorrequiresnoexternal component with optional external crystal. On-chip power on-reset circuitry simplifies digital interface initialization. 5. RESULTS AND OBSERVATIONS Sr. No. Parmeters Observations Results 1 Weight When the weight of grapes in chamber goes 30% of initial weight. Alarm generated 2 Temperature Temperature above 85⁰C. Flap of aperture plate operated. Below set temperature flap mechanism is OFF. 3 Light Intensity Light intensity below 150 lumens IR Panel turned ON below set point IR panel is OFF 4. Moisture Humidity Moisture in vacuum chamber above set level Vacuum operates and extracts moisture.
4.
International Research Journal
of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395-0056 Volume: 06 Issue: 04 | Apr 2019 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072 © 2019, IRJET | Impact Factor value: 7.211 | ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal | Page 2969 6. CONCLUSION In this paper existing natural grape drying process is modified with suitable enclosure containing IR radiators and allied systems. Appropriate sensors are used to measure parameters like humidity,temperatureand weightofsample.Experimental analysis done with the help of dryer proves the uniform drying of the grapes with the help of infrared radiation. The original colour of grapes is better conserved as the drying takes place at low temperature. The drying time is reduced to a significant level as compared to natural drying process. The use of vacuum solar dryer is efficient and time saving, it should be preferred where good quality of raisins and minimum time is required. But when that is not the case then it will not be preferred as it requires vacuum pump and water pump which requires the electric supply and natural drying does not require any kind of power supply. 7. REFERENCES [1] Mr. O. N. Thigale and Mr. A. M. Patil, “Development of Vacuum Solar Grape Dryer (IJLRET)” ISSN: 2454-5031 Volume 02-Issue 05 May 2016 [2] Mr. G. D. Lohar, Mr. A. G. Nandekar, Mrs. W. S. Kandlikar, “IR Based Electronic Grape Drying System (IJETR) “, ISSN: 2321- 0869 (O) 2454-4698 (P), Vol.-4, Issue-3, March 2016 [3] A.H. Utgikar, A. K. Shete, A. A. Aknurwar, “Drying of Grape with an Infrared Radiation heating Mechanism” (IJIET) ISSN: Pages 2319-1058Vol.2, Issue 4, August 2013 [4] V.R.Thool, K.K. Narwade, A.B. Kokate, S.D. Khurjuleand M.B. Pawar “Development of PLC-based automatic Grape dryer” a review by Engineering and Technology in India Volume 5,Issue 1&2, Pages 60-66, Apr. & Oct., 2014 [5] Onkar B. Kadam, Digvijay D. Shirke, Shantanu P. Kadam, Nilesh N. Desai , Suraj S. Pawar, Sujit S. Malgave, “Solar Grapes Dryer: A Review by (ICRTES) “ ISBN: 978-93-86171-06-1, September 2016. [6] Mr. Patil Kiran , Ms. Swami Sonam, Ms.ThoratAshwini, Ms. ManePratidnya, “SolarPoweredAutomaticFruitDrying System (IJARECE)” ISSN: 2278 – 909X Vol.5, Issue 3, March 2016 [7] Namani Rakesh, T.Santosh, Udugula Malavya, D. Rishikesh, “Battery Management for Solar PV Panel (ICIMIA)”, 2017 [8] Nitesh Bhatnagar, Neetu Jangid, Megha Nagar, Rajkumar Saini, Manoj Krishnia” Maximum Power Point Tracking for PV System (IJRASET)” ISSN: 2321-9653; IC Value: 45.98; SJ Impact Factor: 6.887 Volume 6 Issue IV, April 2018.13 8. BIOGRAPHIES Dr. Madhukar S. Chavan, M.Tech & M.E. degree in E&TC Engg. from Rajasthan Vidyapeeth and Shivaji University.M.B.A.(Marketing)from Yashwantrao Chavan Open University and Ph.D. degree in Electronics Engg. from Shivaji University. Currently working as Professor and PG Co-ordinator in E&TC Engg. Department of P.V.P. Institute of Technology Budhgaon, Sangli Mr. Ketan V. Hulle B.E. (Electronics) from P.V.P. InstituteofTechnology, Budhgaon, Sangli andPGDBM fromWelingkar Institute of Management, Mumbai. Presently working as lecturer in Electronics and Telecom. Engg. in L. E. S. Polytechnic, Sangli
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