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IRJET- Experimental Study of Different Solar Still with Effect of PCM and Reflector Mechanism
1.
International Research Journal
of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395-0056 Volume: 05 Issue: 03 | Mar-2018 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072 © 2018, IRJET | Impact Factor value: 6.171 | ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal | Page 2232 EXPERIMENTAL STUDY OF DIFFERENT SOLAR STILL WITH EFFECT OF PCM AND REFLECTOR MECHANISM Ketan Takawade1, Sandesh Patil2, Akash Kore3, Mansinh Shinde4, Prof. Rushank Patil5, Prof. Avesahemad Husainy6 [1], [2], [3], [4] U.G.Student, Civil Engineering, Vishveshwarya Technical Campus, Patgaon, Miraj [5] Assistant Prof, Civil Department, Vishveshwarya Technical Campus, Patgaon, Miraj [6] Assistant Prof, Mechanical Department, Sharad Institute of Technology, COE, Yadrav ---------------------------------------------------------------------***--------------------------------------------------------------------- Abstract -Clean potable water is a basic necessity for man along with food and air. Fresh water is also required for agricultural and industrial purposes. The main sources of water are rivers, lakes and underground water reservoirs. However, direct uses of water from such sources are not always advisable, because of the presence of higher amountof salt and harmful organisms. The higher growth rate in world population and industries resulted in a large escalation of demand for fresh water. The natural source canmeetalimited demand and this leads to acute shortage of freshwater.Hence, there is an issue to essentially treat the salt and contaminated water into purified water. In this work we can improve the performance of solar still by using PCM and use of Reflector mechanism. Also we study the single and double slope solar still. Key Words: Clean Water, PCM, Solar Energy 1. INTRODUCTION India’s huge and growing population is putting a severe strain on all of the country’s natural resources. Most water sources are contaminated by industrial waste, sewage and agricultural runoff. India has made progressin the supply of safe water to its people, but gross disparity in coverage exists across the country. The World Bank estimates that 21%of communicable diseasesin India are relatedtounsafe water. In India, diarrhea alone causes more than 1600 deaths each day (John Briscoe 2005). The average annual rain fall for whole India varies from 96 cm to 146 cm (Parthasarathy and Dhar 1975). According to the report by Metrological Depart of India, Most parts of Andaman and Nicobar Islands, Arunachal Pradesh, Assam, Meghalaya, Nagaland, Manipur, Mizoram, Tripura, West Bengal, Sikkim, Orissa, Bihar, Uttar Pradesh, Goa, Kankan Goa, CoastalAndra and Karnataka, Kerala and Lakshadweep receivesan annual rain fall more than 150 cm. Himachala Pradesh, Jammu and Kashmir, Gujarat, Maharashtra, Andhra, Tamil Nadu, Pondicherry and Karnataka receives an annual rain fall around 100 cm. For remaining states the annual rain fall is around 50 cm. The average annual precipitationisestimated to be 4000 billion m3/year. Only 1000 billion m3/year is available as usable surface water and ground water. This quantity is about 10-20% of per capita consumption in industrialized countries. At present, the water consumption in India is about 750 billion m3/year for all the applications, viz. agricultural, industrial, domestic and commercial. Assuming a per capita water consumption of 1000 m3/year, the water availability in the country is likely to get fully stretched by the year 2010 unless, augmentation is planned right now. Moreover, the geographical distribution and seasonal variation of rainfall are not uniform. There are pockets likeSaurashtra and Kutch, the coastal areasofTamil Nadu and land locked areas of Western Rajasthan, Andra Predesh and Marathwada in Maharashtra with scanty rainfall and perennial water scarcity. In addition, a large number of villagesin variousparts of the country areknown to be suffering from excess salinity, fluoride, nitrate, iron, arsenic and microbial contaminations of ground water. Clean potable water is a basic necessity for man along with food and air. Fresh water is also requiredforagriculturaland industrial purposes. The main sources of water are rivers, lakes and underground water reservoirs. However, direct uses of water from such sources are not always advisable, because of the presence of higher amount ofsaltandharmful organisms. The higher growth rate in world population and industries resulted in a large escalation of demand for fresh water. The natural source can meet a limited demand and this leadsto acute shortage of fresh water. Hence, there isan issue to essentially treat the salt and contaminated water into purified water. 2. LITERATURE REVIEW 1. Selva kumar et al., (2008) [1] studied the thermal performance of “V” type basin solar still with charcoal absorber. The internal heat transfer and external heat transfer modes are studied. Performance ratio of the still, variation of Nusselt number (Nu), Grashof number (Gr) and heat transfer rates were also calculated. 2. 3. Bharat Kumar Patil, Sanjay Dambal (2016) [2] the maximum productivity of a double slop single basin solar still is effective when paraffin wax is used. As the productivity of water is obtained in the month of April for paraffin wax is 1100ml. When compared to PCM the productivity is a bit low when black pebble was 954ml. But the productivity of water did not obtainwithoutParaffinwax nor is Black pebble found to be 795ml. This is comparatively low. The productivity of the still can be enhanced by varying the Declination angle and it is observed that as the solar radiation increases the temperature in thestillalsoincreases and as a result the productivity increases remarkably.
2.
International Research Journal
of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395-0056 Volume: 05 Issue: 03 | Mar-2018 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072 © 2018, IRJET | Impact Factor value: 6.171 | ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal | Page 2233 B. N. Subramanian (2016)[3] solar desalinationisoneofthe most sustainable and attractive method employed to meet the supply of drinking water for remote areas at very reasonable cost. Heat loss is one of the major parameter affecting the productivity of the solar still. The objective of this study is to enhance the thermal performance and productivity of single basin solar still with integrated phase change material. The important parameters affecting the performance of the still are analyzed theoretically. Effect of water depth in galvanized iron, aluminum and copper basin still and effect of massof PCM in solar still were investigated. It was found that the productivity of still decreases with increase in water depth. The highest daily productivity of 1.39 kg/m2wasobtainedwhen the depth of water was maintained at 10 mm. The use of stearic acid and paraffin wax as PCM beneath the basin liner improved the daily productivity of still by 164% and 180% respectively compared to still without PCM. El-Swify and Metias (2002) [4] induced the concept of planer reflector in a double exposure solar still. Still was theoretically analyzed and experimentally tested. It is found theoretically that the double exposure still gained much more daily energy than that of the ordinary one. Singh et al., (1995) [5] have been analyzed theorientationof the glass cover inclination for higher yield in a solar still.The effects of water depth on the hourly instantaneous cumulative and overall thermal efficiency and internal heat transfer coefficient have also been investigated. El-Sebaii et al., (2000) [6] designed and fabricated a single slope single basin solar still with baffle suspended absorber (SBSSBA) as an alternate to external pre heater. Results concluded that the daily productivity of the SBSSBA is about 20% higher than that of the conventional still (SBSS). A single-basin solar still have been designed andanalyzedby Mohammed Farid and Faik Hamad (1993) [7]Efficiencyof the still was found to be independent of solar radiation, however, an increased diffused radiation lead to slight decrease in its efficiency. Still productivityincreaseswiththe increase in ambient temperature and decrease in wind velocity. Hiroshi Tanaka and Yasuhito Nakatake (2007) [8] investigated outdoor experiments for vertical single-effect diffusion solar still and the proposed multiple-effect stillhas a very high rate of productivity in spite of its simple structure. Avesahemad Husainy (2017) [9] Hygienic drinkable water is a basic necessity for man along with food and air. Fresh water is also required for agricultural and industrial purposes. Most water sources are contaminated by industrial waste, sewage and agricultural runoff.The higher growth rate in world population and industries resulted water in a large acceleration of demand for fresh water. The natural source can meet a limited demand and this leads to acute shortage of fresh water. Hence, there is an issue to essentially treat the salt and contaminated into purified water. There are several methods to convert impure water into potable water for drinking, but out of them thermal method is economically viable.Inthispaperexperimentation were carried out on two different setups of double slope single basin solar still with and without thermal energy storage by phase change material. 3. METHODOLOGY AND EXPERIMENTATION Two double slope single basin type solar still units are fabricated with same design parameters, and tested under field conditions. The experiments were conducted at the open terrace in Miraj (Maharashtra) area March 2018. Total 8 Lit waste water (Soap Water) can be used for experimentation. Total water depth for both set up is 2 cm. The glass and cover of solar still for both set up is sealed by cello tape to avoid loss of heat due to convection and radiation. The output of distilled water is collected in two plastic bottles. Inner surface of both the stillsarecoatedwith black colour to improve the thermal performance. The observations: were taken for 9 hours starting from 10 am to 6 pm. The global and diffused irradiances on horizontal and irradiances on inclined planes, the temperatures of the atmosphere, glass surface temp, basin water temp, and the masses of distilled water supplied and condensate collected were recorded every 1 hr. Temperature and solar intensity was measured in every 1 hr with the help of digital temp meter and flux meter. And output of water in ml ismeasured by digital weight pan. Experiment was conducted on two different setup with and without TES and readings are recorded accordingly. Also effect of Reflector with TES is studied. 1. Comparison of experimental set up of solar still with and without PCM: Table shows comparison of temp of soap water with and without thermal energy storage. After conducting experiment on two different set up it is observed that temp of impure/soap water is more in case of thermal energy storage set up. Table No 1: Comparison of water temp with and without PCM
3.
International Research Journal
of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395-0056 Volume: 05 Issue: 03 | Mar-2018 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072 © 2018, IRJET | Impact Factor value: 6.171 | ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal | Page 2234 Graph No 1: Comparison of water temp with and without PCM 2. Comparison of Weight of water added in per hr with and without thermal energy storage Table No 2: Comparison of Weight of water collected with and without PCM Also it is observed that with the help of PCM we get more water output and we can use PCM integrated set up even in evening time Graph 2: Comparison of Weight of water collected with and without PCM 3. COMPARISON OF 3 DIFFERENT SOLAR STILL In this experimentation we are comparing solar still with effect of PCM and Reflector. After conducting experimentation we can observed that Solar still with PCM along with reflector mechanism gives more power output than normal solar still. Also we can use PCM integratedsolar still during evening time when sunshine radiationarelessor no more. PCM along with reflector solar still gives more efficiency. Table No 3: Comparison of three different solar still Graph No 3: Comparison of three different solar still Graph No 4: Comparison of three different solar still 4. EXPERIMENTATION ON SINGLE SLOPE SINGLE BASIN SOLAR STILL The experiment were conducted on single slope single basin solar still at the open terrace of the in Miraj area March 2018. Total 6 Lit waste water (soap water) can be used for experimentation. The observations were taken for 9 hours starting from 10 am. The global and diffused irradiances on horizontal and irradiances on inclined planes, the temperatures of the atmosphere, condensate and basin
4.
International Research Journal
of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395-0056 Volume: 05 Issue: 03 | Mar-2018 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072 © 2018, IRJET | Impact Factor value: 6.171 | ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal | Page 2235 water, and the massesof raw water suppliedandcondensate collected were recorded every 1 hr. The experiments were conducted between the time periodsof 10:00am to 7:30pm. Temperature and solar intensity was measured inevery1hr with the help of digital temp meter and flux meter resp. Experiment was conducted on two different setup with and without black coating and readings are taken Table No 4: Comparison of Single slope single basin solar still with and without black coating Graph No 5: Comparison of Single slope single basin solar still with and without black coating CONCLUSION AND FUTURE SCOPE 1. The still continues to produce the fresh water by converting soap water. The distillate production is said to be increased to 10-25% with PCM 2. Tests proved that the water is as pure as rain water and there are no harmful salts at all. It is suggested that for higher masses of PCM, the still will be more effective. The energy storage materials which are used in this investigation system are economically suitable for solar still to improve the output and efficiency. 3. As compared to single basin single slope solar still single basin double slope are more effective. 4. Black Coated solar still gives more power output than without black coated still. 5. Reflector integrated solar still gives more water power output than normal still. REFERENCES 1. B. Selva Kumar, Sanjay Kumar, R. Jayaprakash, Performance analysisof a “V” type solar still usinga charcoal absorber and a boosting mirror B., D esalination 229 (2008) 217–230, Elsevier. 2. Bharat Kumar Patil, Sanjay Dambal, Design and Experimental Performance Analysis of Solar Still Using Phase Changing Materials and Sensible Heat Elements, IJRMET Vol. 6, Issue 2, May - Oct 2016. 3. B.N. Subramanian and P. Chandrasekara, A Novel Method of Enhancing the Productivity and Efficiency of Solar Still – An Experimental Study, I J C T A, 9(37) 2016, pp. 545-553. 4. M.E. El-Swify, M.Z. Metias, Performance of double exposure solar still, Renewable Energy 26 (2002) 531–547. 5. Singh et al., (1995), optimization of orientation for high yield solar sill,energy conservation magazine vol 3,1995. 6. A.A. El-Sebaii, S. Aboul-Enein, E. El-Bialy, Single basin solar still with ba.e suspended absorber, Energy Conversion & Management 41 (2000) 661- 675. 7. Mohammed Farid and Faik Hamad (1993), performance of single basin solar still,renewable energy vol-3,pp-75-73,1993. 8. Hiroshi Tanaka, YasuhitoNakatake,Improvementof the tilted wick solar still by using a flat plate reflector, Desalination 216 (2007) 139–146. 9. Husainy, Avesahemad SN, Omkar S. Karangale, and Vinayak Y. Shinde. "Experimental Study of Double Slope Solar Distillation with and without Effect of Latent Thermal Energy Storage." 10. Ragh Vendra Singh , Shiv Kumar , M.M. Hasan , M. Emran Khan , G.N. Tiwari m Performance of a solar still integrated with evacuated tube collector in natural mode, Desalination 318 (2013) 25–33. 11. Kazuo Murase, Hiroshi Tobata, Masayuki Ishikawa, Shigeki Toyama, Experimental and numerical analysis of a tube-type networked solar still for desert technology, Desalination 190 (2006) 137– 146, Elsevier.
5.
International Research Journal
of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395-0056 Volume: 05 Issue: 03 | Mar-2018 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072 © 2018, IRJET | Impact Factor value: 6.171 | ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal | Page 2236 12. M Boukar,A Hamim,parameric study of a vertical solar still under deser climate condition, desalination 2014.21-28, Elsevier. BIOGRAPHIES U.G.Student, Civil Engineering, Vishveshwarya Technical Campus, Patgaon, Miraj U.G.Student, Civil Engineering, Vishveshwarya Technical Campus, Patgaon, Miraj U.G.Student, Civil Engineering, Vishveshwarya Technical Campus, Patgaon, Miraj U.G.Student, Civil Engineering, Vishveshwarya Technical Campus, Patgaon, Miraj Prof. Rushank Patil is working asa assistant professor in Civil Engg. Dept. at Vishveshwarya Technical Campus, Patgaon. He has completed his M.E. in Structural Engg. Prof. Avesahemad Husainy is working as assistant professor in mechanical department at Sharad Institute of Technology College of Engineering, Yadrav. He has completed his M.E. in Heat and Power Engg. He is expertise in Refrigeration and Air Conditioning, Thermodynamicsand Renewable Energy and its Applications. He is Active member of ISHRAE (Indian Society of Heating Refrigeration and air conditioning Engineers)
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