NEW PRODUCT OF WATER

1. Presented by
ARULARASI A. (2019223028)
M. E. IWM,
CENTRE FOR WATER RESOURCES,
ANNA UNIVERSITY.

2. CONTENTS INTRODUCTION
1
NEWater
2
HISTORY
3
PRODUCTION
4
REFERENCE
5
7 POTABILITY
9 CONCLUSION
6 WATER QUALITY
8 APPLICATION
10
PROCEDURE

3. INTRODUCTION
Wastewater reuse is a long-established
practice used for irrigation, especially
in arid countries. Reusing wastewater as
part of sustainable water management
allows water to remain as an alternative
water source for human activities.
Reclaiming water for reuse applications
instead of using freshwater supplies can
be a water-saving measure. This can
reduce scarcity and alleviate pressures on
groundwater and other natural water
bodies
An alternative water source, can provide
significant economic, social and
environmental benefits specifically,
irrigation with wastewater may
contribute to improve production yields,
reduce the ecological footprint and
promote socioeconomic benefits.

4. N E W a t e r
NEWater is the brand
name given to highly
treated reclaimed
wastewater produced
by Singapore's Public
Utilities Board.
It is the process that
recycles our treated used
water into ultra-clean, high-
grade reclaimed water,
cushioning our water supply
against dry weather and
moving Singapore
towards water sustainability
The water is potable quality and is added to
drinking water supply reservoirs where it is
withdrawn and treated again in
conventional water treatment plants before
being distributed to consumers.
It meets up to 40% of
Singapore's current water needs.
However, most of the NEWater is
used by industries requiring high
purity non-potable production
water.

5. It is identified water
reclamation and
desalination as alternatives
to reduce dependence on
imported water from
Malaysia
Master Plan Drafted
The aim was to determine
if NEWater was a viable
source of raw water for
Singapore's needs
Singapore Water
Reclamation Study
Introduced in NATIONAL DAY
PARADE.
Because of its high quality,
became the supply of choice
for industries' demands
Newater To The Public
An experimental water
reclamation treatment plant
was built but terminated
after only one year due to
costs and reliability issues.
Reclamation Treatment
Plant
@BEDOK &KRANJI
Sewage treatment plants
were renamed to 'water
reclamation plants' & sewage
or wastewater were referred
to as 'used water’.
First Newater Plant
1972 1998 2003
1974 2002
HISTORY OF NEWater

6. PRODUCTION
1
2
3
5
4
Incorporation of reclaimed water into surface reservoirs (IPR)
began in 2003 and with the success of that facility, NEWater
has since added three other facilities with a combined
capacity of 117 mgd. .
Currently there are four operational factories in
• Bedok (2002)
• Kranji (2002)
• Ulu Pandan (2007)
• Changi (2009)
.
Total cost of production for each are
• Bedok Factory – 59 million S$
• Kranji Factory –70 million S$
• Changi Factory –200 million S$
• Ulu Pandan Factory –130 million S$
In 2017, a new NEWater plant was launched
at Changi, and is the first plant to be jointly
developed by a foreign and local company.
Capacity of each factories are
• Bedok Factory – 18 mgd
• Kranji Factory – 17 mgd
• Changi Factory – 50 mgd
• Ulu Pandan Factory – 32 mgd

7. PROCEDURE
In this process, the treated used water
is passed through membranes to filter
out remove suspended solids, colloidal
particles, disease-causing bacteria,
some viruses and protozoan cysts.
The filtered water after passing
through the membrane contains only
dissolved salts and organic molecules.
In RO, a semi- permeable membrane is used. The
semi-permeable membrane has very small pores which
only allow very small molecules like water molecules to
pass through. Consequently, filters out contaminants
such as heavy metals, nitrates, chlorides, sulfates,
disinfection by-products, aromatic hydrocarbons,
and pesticides. Now it is free from viruses and bacteria
and contains very low levels of salts and organic matter.
At this stage, the water is of potable quality.
It is a safety precaution in which UV
is capable of killing both bacteria and
viruses to ensure that all organisms
are inactivated and the purity of the
water can be guaranteed. After
adding some alkaline chemicals to
restore the pH balance, water is
ready to use.
03
Ultraviolet
Disinfection
02
Reverse
Osmosis
01Microfiltration /
Ultrafiltration

9. WATER QUALITY DATA
Physical
Turbidity
Colour
Conductivity
pH
Total hardness
Chemical
Fluoride
Nitrate
Sulphate
Total
trihalomethanes
Metals
Aluminium
Iron
Manganese
Zinc
Biological
Total coliform
bacteri
Enterovirus
Heterotrophic
plate counts
NEWater monitor for ~316 water quality parameters; Few of the known parameters
are

10. Portfolio Presentation
Global Potable Reuse Case Study 3: NEWater,
Singapore (2014)
 A health effects testing program was conducted to
investigate whether there were any associated
toxicological health effects with wastewater reuse.
 The study was conducted on mice over a two-year
period to test for chronic toxicity and carcinogenic
potential.
 Aquarium medaka fish were also tested over two
generations on potential toxic, carcinogenic and
reproductive health.
 The results concluded that the water produced had no
adverse health effects.
 No ongoing health studies are currently underway.
 Other ongoing research projects investigate the use
of direct osmosis high salinity for the cleaning of RO
membranes, closed circuit desalination to increase the
recovery of RO brine as well as sensors to detect
membrane integrity.

11. P O T A B I L I T Y
Non-Potable Use
As it is ultra-clean, NEWater is used
mainly for industrial and air-con
cooling purposes at wafer fabrication
plants, industrial estates and
commercial buildings.
The biggest users of NEWater are
wafer fabrication plants, which require
water quality that is even more
stringent than water for drinking.
NEWater is delivered to industrial
customers via a dedicated pipe
network.
Indirect Potable Use
During dry periods, NEWater is
added to our reservoirs to blend with
raw water.
The raw water from the reservoir is
treated at the waterworks before it is
supplied to consumers as tap water.
This high-grade reclaimed water has
consistently been awarded top marks
for the high quality, safety and for
exceeding international standards

12. APPLICATION
power
generation
plants
air-conditioning
cooling systems of
commercial and
institutional complexes
wafer
fabrication
plants
blended water for
domestic use
electronics
factories

13. CONCLUSION
By using treated used water we can
Increased water availability.
Drinking water substitution - keep drinking water for drinking and reclaimed water for non-
drinking use (i.e. industry, cleaning, irrigation, domestic uses, toilet flushing, etc.
Reduced over-abstraction of surface and groundwater
Reduced manufacturing costs of using high quality reclaimed water
Increased agricultural production (i.e. crop yields)
Reduced application of fertilizers (i.e. conservation of nutrients, reducing the need for artificial
fertilizer (e.g. soil nutrition by the nutrients existing in the treated effluents))
Enhanced environmental protection by restoration of streams, wetlands and ponds
Increased employment and local economy (e.g. tourism, agriculture).
Therefore introduction of NEWater is strongly recommended in other countries especially those strive in
water conservation.

14. REFERENCES
Onyango, L., Leslie, G. and Wood, J.G. (2014). Global Potable Reuse Case Study 3: NEWater,
Singapore, Australian Water Recycling Centre of Excellence, Brisbane, Australia.
http://www.pub.gov.sg/water/newater/Pages/default.aspx
Singapore Water Reclamation Study
(http://www.pub.gov.sg/water/newater/NEWaterOverview/Documents/review.pdf)
NEWater in Singapore, 2018, https://globalwaterforum.org/2018/01/15/newater-in-
singapore/
Singapore infopedia, https://eresources.nlb.gov.sg/infopedia/articles/SIP_1555_2009-08-
11.html?s=Law%20and%20government%3E%3EEnvironmental%20protection /
PUB, Singapore’s National Water Agency,
https://www.pub.gov.sg/watersupply/fournationaltaps/newater
"Fact Sheet – NEWater in Singapore" (PDF). Legislative Council of Hong Kong. Research Office,
Information Services Division, Legislative Council Secretariat. 26 February 2016. Retrieved 8 June 2017.

15. Thank You