Examination of mechanical properties of Hybrid fiber reinforced concrete

International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395-0056
Volume: 09 Issue: 09 | Sep 2022 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072
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Examination of mechanical properties of Hybrid fiber reinforced
concrete
1Jainul Habid P N, 2Mahaboobali Nadaf
1MTech Student Civil Engineering Dept. Jain college of engineering Belagavi, Karnataka, India
2Asst Prof. Civil Engineering Dept. Jain college of engineering Belagavi, Karnataka, India
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Abstract - There is a huge demand for natural materials
due to this scarcity of materials happenings. Manyresearchers
worked on replacement of materials in concrete to construct
eco-friendly and cost-effective building. Recently researchers
worked on this and come with some materials like GGBS, Fly
ash, Lime etc. here, an attempt is made to fly ash as partial
replacement material with the application of polypropylene
and steel fibres in it with different proportions. In this paper
obtained experimental results are discussedandtabulated the
same. Conclusion of this paper is, we can replace cement by fly
ash and fibres enhances the strength property.
Key Words: Fly-ash, Polypropylene fibre, Steel fibre,
properties of concrete etc.
1. INTRODUCTION
Concrete is brittleandmoderatelyrobustincompression but
weak in tension. Its use has been limited due to these two
flaws. The concentration of silica, calcium, and iron in the fly
ash can be used to classify the FA. Category C fly ash
develops a solid material in the presence of water, and after
a period of time, it gains strength. In general, Category C FA
contains more than 10% lime (CaO). ClassCFAcontainsa lot
of alkali and sulphate. (SO4). This FA is pozzolanic in nature
and includes less than 5% lime (CaO). Fly ash is primarily
kept in coal industries and discharged in landfills. [1] used
fly ash as partial replacement of cement up-to 25% with the
application of fibre. fibrous by incorporating 1.5%
Polypropylene fibre into concrete Giving good results and
giving less result in 2% fibre is added to the concrete [2]. FA
will increase the concrete's toughness. In ordinary concrete,
fly ash serves as non-air entertainment [3]. the concrete's
compressive strength reinforced with 1.5 % mixed
polypropylene fibres increased by 17 %. Split concretehasa
22% increase in split tensile strength, 24 % increase in split
flexural strength, as well as an 11 percent decrease in split
elastic modulus over ordinary concrete [4]. The shrinkage
property of concrete was studied by [5] and has givenfuture
scope to study the, mechanical properties of concrete.
However, in this study, test investigations were carried out
to see how replacing cement with20%flyashandadding 1.5
% polypropylene andvaryingproportionsofsteel fibres(0.5,
1, 1.5, and 2 % by volume of concrete) affected the
workability, strength, and durability of M30 concrete.
2 Materials
2.1 Cement: The cement employed in this study is JK Super
cement of 53 grade OPC, which complies with IS code IS:
12269-2013.
Fig 1: Cement.
Table 1: Cement properties.
Sl. No Particulars Test outcomes
01 Cement OPC 53
02 Brand J K Super Cement
03 Sp. Gr. 3.18
04 Initial setting time 40 minutes
05 Final setting time 125 minutes
06 Fineness test 5.00%
2.3 Coarse aggregates:
The coarse aggregates are made from crushed
Basalt rock and comply with IS: 383.

Fig 2: 20mm Size Aggregate.
Table 2: 20mm aggregate properties.
Particulars GGBS
Sp. Gr. 2.67
Water absorption 0.38%
Shape Angular
Finess modulus 3.49
Confirming to table 2 of IS
383:1970
20 mm
2.4 Fine Aggregates: Sand is made utilizing a rock-on-rock
crushing procedure that employs state-of-the-art plant and
machinery with cutting-edge technology. IS:480sieveshave
been used to collect river sand.
Fig 3: Fine aggregate.
Table 3: Properties of Fine aggregate.
Properties Sand
Sp. Gr. 2.64
Fineness Modules 2.88
Water absorption 1%
2.5 Fly-Ash: FA is utilised to reduce the cost of PCC while
also improving its performance. FA to Portland cement
replacement ratios range from 1:1 to 1.5:1.Lowcalcium,low
silica content class F dry fly ash from R.T.P.S silos adhering
to IS: 3812(Part 1)-2003 was employed.
Fig 4: Fly-Ash
Table 4: Fly-ash properties
Characteristics Fly Ash %
Specific gravity 2.1
Fineness 3%
Silica 62
Al2O3 23
Cao 5
2.6 Super Plasticizer: Super plasticizers utilized in the
current study to improve the workability of concrete.
Fig 5. Super plasticizer
2.7 Polypropylene Fibre: Polypropylene (PP) is a
thermoplastic polymer that is utilized in a several uses or
wide range of applications.
Fig 6: Polypropylene fiber

Table 5: Physical Properties of PP (As per test report).
SL.NO Properties Dimensions
1 Length 6 mm
2 Diameter 10 mm
2.8 Steel Fibre: The fibres utilised are hooked end fibres
with the parameters shown below, as provided by the
manufacturer.
Fig 7. Steel fibre
Table 6: Properties of Steel fibre
Sl. No Property Values
1. Length, Lf 30mm
2. Df 0.6mm
3. Aspect Ratio, 50
4. Vf 0.5%
2.9 Water: Normal water is used for experimental works
having IS standard pH. The concrete mix is mixed with
potable water. pH levels should be in the range of 6 to 7.
3 Methodology:
Basic journals are followed to look forward for collection of
materials and followed by tests conducted on future scopes
suggested by researchers. Here, investigations were carried
out to see how replacing cement with 20% fly ash and
adding 1.5 % polypropylene andvaryingproportionsofsteel
fibres (0.5, 1, 1.5, and 2 % by volume of concrete) affected
the workability, strength, and durability of M30 concrete.
4 Result and Discussions
4.1 Slump test
This type of testing was used in accordance with IS 1199-
1959.
Fig No 8: Slump Test
Table 7: Slump test results.
Mix Proportion Sample 1 (Slump)
AO 73
A1 86
A2 83
A3 81
A4 80
A5 76
Fig 9. Slump results
When 20% of the cement in the concrete isreplacedwith FA,
the workability of the concrete improves compared to
regular concrete. After a 20 % partial replacementofcement
by FA results in a slump, the workability of a mixture of 1.5
% polypropylene fibres and increasing %ages of Steel fibres
steadily decrease (0.5,1, 1.5 and 2 %).
4.2 Compressive strength
The objective is to find the Compressive Strenght of the
concete for 7, 14 and 28 days and Cube mould (150
X150mm) , tamping rode and Ctm mechine are required to
perform this test.

Fig. Compressive testing
Tab. 8: Compression test results
Mix
Proportion
7 days
strength
14 days
strength
28 days
strength
N/mm²
AO 31.54 38.89 44.56
A1 30.07 36.59 43.41
A2 30.81 36.86 46.84
A3 31.82 38.41 47.61
A4 33.04 39.73 48.99
A5 30.24 37.87 43.29
A6 28.03 32.49 41.69
The compressive strengths of hybrid fibres reinforced
concrete generated by replacing cement with 20% FA and
adding 1.5 % polypropylene fibres together with 1% steel
fibres are found to be the greatest (Mix Proportion A4). As a
result, even at low water content,theconcreteachievesgood
bonding strength and strength.
4.3 Split tensile strength
This test was conducted to examinethesplittensileproperty
of cylinder specimen. And the test was conducted for 7 and
28 days of curing period, obtained results are tabulate
below,
Fig 11. Split tensile test
Tab. 9: Split tensile results
Mix
Proportion
7 days
strength
28 days
strength
N/mm²
AO 2.69 3.8
A1 2.4 3.2
A2 2.83 4.02
A3 2.94 4.05
A4 2.99 4.18
A5 2.63 3.72
A6 2.42 3.5
The highest value is found in the SPT strength of hybrid
fibres reinforced concrete generated by substitutingcement
with 20% fly ash and adding 1.5 % polypropylene fibres
together with 1% steel fibres (Mix Proportion A4). As the
amount of steel fibre combined with polypropylene fibre
increases, the split tensile strength decreases. With the
addition of 1.5 % polypropylene fibres and 1 % steel fibres,
the split tensile strength is 4.18 at 28 days and 2.99 at 7
days, based on the number of days as a reference.
4.4 Flexural strength test
The flexural test was conducted for 7 and 28 days of curing
on beam of size 700 x 150 x 150 mm.

Fig 12. Beam casting
Tab 10: Flexural test results
Mix
Proportion
7 days
strength
28 days
strength
N/mm²
AO 3.38 4.44
A1 3.08 4.33
A2 4.21 5.81
A3 4.09 5.33
A4 4.62 6.04
A5 3.73 5.21
A6 3.44 4.92
FLX strength of HFRC made by substituting cement with
20% fly ash has been found to be higher when 1.5 %
polypropylene fibre and 1% steel fibre are added. The %
increase in Flexural strength after adding 1.5 %
polypropylene fibre and 1% steel fibre is 6.04 at 28 days age
strength and 4.62 at 28 days age strength compared to the
reference number of days.Flexural strengthisreducedwhen
steel fibres are added in excess of 1% combined with 1.5 %
polypropylene fibres.
4.5 Water absorption
The test was carried out to see how much water is absorbed
by concrete when it is replaced 20 % partial replacement of
cement by FA results
Fig 13: Water absorption results
When conventional concrete is compared to concrete made
with 20% fly ash in water absorption experiments, the
maximum amount of water absorbed is largerfortraditional
concrete. When compared to fly ash concrete, hybrid fibre
reinforced concrete has a higher water absorption rate. Due
to the vacancies generated by the hybrid fibres, this is the
case.
5. Conclusions
 When 20% of the cement is replaced by fly ash, the
concrete's workability improves by 20% compared to
standard concrete. The workability reduces as the
proportion of fiber increases, as evidenced by the
results of a slump test.
 The hybrid fiber combination of 1.5 % polypropylene
fiber and 1% steel fiber achieves the highest
compressive strength. The compressive strength of the
concrete is 33.04, 39.73 and 48.99 N/mm2 after 7, 14,
and 28 days, respectively, which is higher than
traditional concrete. As a result, the A4 mix proportion
is the best mix proportion.
 In split tensile strength, hybrid fibercombinations with
1.5 % polypropylene fiber and 1 % steel fiber have
higher split tensile strength values of 2.99 and 4.18
N/mm2 for 7 and 28 days, respectively.
 Flexural strength values of 4.62and6.04N/mm2for14
and 28 days were observed for hybrid fiber
combinations including 1.5 % polypropylene fiber and
1 % steel fiber. The fibers serve a crucial function in
improving the beam's bending strength.
 In a water absorption test, thehybridfibercombination
of 1.5 % polypropylene fiber and 2 % steel fiber
absorbs the most water (A6).

REFERENCES
[1] A.M Shende, A.M Pande, M.Gulfam Pathan
“EXPERIMENTAL STUDY ON STEEL FIBER ON
REINFORCED CONCRETE FOR M-40 GRADE”,
International research journal of engineering and
Science, Vol-1, Sept-2012.
[2] Avinashjoshi, Pradeep reddy, Punithkumarand Pramod
hatker “EXPERIMENTAL WORK ON STEEL FIBER
REINFORCED CONCRETE”International Journal of
Scientific & Engineering reserch, Volume-7,Octomeber-
2016.
[3] Ch Saketh M. Manoj “STATISTICAL ANALYSIS OF
POLYPROPELENE FIBER REINFORCED
CONCRETE”,International Journal of Advanced reserch
ideas and innovations technology, Vol-3, 2017.
[4] Divya S Dharam, Aswathy Lal “STUDY OF EFFECT OF
POLYPROPYLENE FIBER IN CONCRETE" International
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[5] Milind V. Mohod “PERFORMANCE OF POLYPROPYLENE
FIBER REINFORCED CONCRETE” IOSR Journals of
Mechanical and Civil engineering, Vol-12, Feb-2015.
[6] Navilesh J, Rahul B K, Shankar B.K, Shivakumarpatil “A
STUDY OF HYBRID FIBER REINFORCED
CONCRETE”,International research journal of
engineering and technology, Vol-4, June-2017.
[7] Prof., Dr. Hamed M. Jassim, Dr.Abdulkader G. Anwer
“EXPERIMETAL STUDY ON POLYPROPYLENE FIBER
REINFORCED CONCRETE” International Journal ofR&D
in engineering science and management,Vol-4, July-
2016.
[8] Rudraswamy M P, Dr. B.R Patagundi, Dr. K.B Prakash
“ON INVESTIGATION OF SHRINKAGE
CHARECTERISTICS OF HYBRID FIBER REINFORCED
CONCRETE PRODUCEDBYUSINGFIBER OF DIFFERENT
ASPECT RATIO”International Journal of Advanced
reserch in engineering and technology, Vol-11,2020.
BIOGRAPHIES
Mr. Jainul Habid P N Received the B E in
civil Degree from ACS College of
engineering Bangalore in the year of
2020 and currently pursuing M Tech in
Construction technology in Jain college
of engineering Belagavi, Karnataka,
India.
Prof. Mahaboobali Nadaf received BE
Civil degree and M Tech degree in CAD
Structures from SDM College ofEngg.&
Technology, Dharwad. He has 2 Years
of Professional experience as site
engineer, 6 Years of Professional
experience as Planning engineer and 6
Years of Professional experience in
Teaching. He is Presently working as
Assistant professor in Civil engineering
department in Jain College of
Engineering, Belagavi.

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