Growth and development
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Growth and development
- 1. Derivatives Front onasal Forehead, Bridge of nose, Medial nasal (P) Philt rum of upper lip, Crest & t ip of nose Lat eral nasal (P) Alae of nose www.indiandentalacademy.com
- 2. Cheeks, lat eral port ion of upper lip & UPPER J AW Lower lip & LOWER J AW Maxillary process Mandibular process www.indiandentalacademy.com
- 4. Anomalies of face Def ect s of rhomboencephalic organizing cent er, account f or dysmorphology of middle & lower 3rd of f ace. Facial clefts www.indiandentalacademy.com
- 6. Prenatal development Palate Format ion of primary and secondary palat e Elevat ion of palat al shelves Fusion of palat al shelves www.indiandentalacademy.com
- 7. Intermaxillary segment Formed by mer ging of t he 2 medial nasal pr ocesses I t is composed of – a) Labial component - f orms PHI LTRUM b) Upper j aw component - carries 4 MAX.I NCI SORS c) Palat al component - f orms PRI MARY PALATE www.indiandentalacademy.com
- 8. Primary palate Front onasal process Medial nasal Mesenchyme Wedge shaped mass bet ween int ernal surf ace of maxillar y prominence Primary palat e www.indiandentalacademy.com
- 9. Secondary palate 6th week– 2 lat eral palat al shelves develops Secondary nasal sept um grows 7th week– palat al shelves grow & lie vert ically www.indiandentalacademy.com
- 10. 8th week IUL St omodeum enlarges Tongue drops Vert ically inclined palat al shelves -horizont al Shelves cont act each ot her in midline By 12th week, f usion of palat al processes is complet e www.indiandentalacademy.com
- 11. To summarize… Maxillary prominence 2 horizont al mesenchymal proj ect ions 6t h week Lat eral palat ine process Fuse- Wit h each ot her -12t h week Primary palat e Nasal sept um Secondary palat e www.indiandentalacademy.com
- 13. Elevation of palatal shelves-8th Elevat ion of palat al shelves Muscular movement Pressure dif f erences Biomechanical t ransf ormat ion of connect ive t issue mat rix I nt rinsic shelf f orce Dif f erent ial mit ot ic growt h Wit hdrawal of embryo’s f ace Vascular changes I ncrease in t issue Tur ger www.indiandentalacademy.com
- 14. Theories of palatal shelf elevation EXTRINSIC FORCES Descent of t ongue Myoneural act ivit y wit h in t ongue Shelves pushed up by t ongue Mout h opening ref lexes www.indiandentalacademy.com
- 15. Theories of palatal shelf elevation INTRINSICFORCES Hydr at ion and polymerisat ion of int ercellular subst ance Dif f erent ial growt h on one side of palat al shelf Turgor produced by build up of HYALURONI C ACI D SEROTONI N release f r om neural t issue. Mesenchymal cell biosynt het ic act ivit y Changing amount s of GLYCOSAMI NOGLYCANS(GAG) www.indiandentalacademy.com
- 18. Ossification of palate 8t h wk 10t h wk Childhood 12- 14 years Premaxillary cent res Primary ossif icat ion cent res of each palat ine bone Y shaped midpalat al sut ure T shaped midpalat al sut ure No ossif icat ion at t he sof t palat e region Mid palat ine sut ure ossif ies www.indiandentalacademy.com
- 19. Growth in dimensions-palate Pre nat al lif e (apposit ional growt h in t he alveolar margin) lengt h > widt h At birt h (apposit ional growt h in t he maxillary t uberosit y) lengt h = widt h Post nat al lif e widt h > lengt h www.indiandentalacademy.com
- 20. Growth in dimensions-palate Lengt h increases - 7-18 weeks I UL Widt h increases - 4th mont h onwards height widt h lengt h Arched palat e Lat eral alveolar process t oget her wit h a concave f loor produced by t ongue – palat al t unnel t o receive a nipple Thumb and f inger sucking- accent uat ed palat al f urrow www.indiandentalacademy.com
- 22. Anomalies of palate 28t h – 38t h day – Primary palat e Clef t lip &/ or palat e and ot her Facial Clef t s 42nd -55t h day – Secondary palat e Clef t palat e Shelf elevat ion and f usion begins earlier in males- account ing sex dif f erences in incidence. 5 TH week I UL 12 TH week I UL6 9 CRITICALPERIOD www.indiandentalacademy.com
- 23. Palatal clefts Def ect ive f usion of various component s of palat e Causes: Def ect ive shelf f usion Failure of shelves t o elevat e Failure of t ongue t o drop f rom b/ w shelves Smallness of shelves I nhibit ion of f usion process it self Delayed elevat ion of shelves Failure of medial edge epit helial cell deat h www.indiandentalacademy.com