The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
Indian dental academy provides dental crown & Bridge,rotary endodontics,fixed orthodontics,
Dental implants courses.for details pls visit www.indiandentalacademy.com ,or call
0091-9248678078
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
Growth and development nasomaxillary complex ppt/certified fixed orthodontic ...Indian dental academy
Description :
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
Growth and development of cranium and faceRajesh Bariker
The document discusses prenatal human growth and development, beginning with definitions of growth and development and covering topics such as critical periods, signaling growth factors, prenatal development including pre-implantation, embryonic, and fetal periods, postnatal development, osteogenesis, basic growth movements, theories of growth, and normal and abnormal development. It provides details on the derivation and development of structures from the germ layers and pharyngeal arches during important periods such as pre-somite, somite, and post-somite.
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
The document discusses the growth and development of the cranial vault and base. It begins with the anatomy and functions, then covers prenatal and postnatal growth. Prenatally, the cranial vault develops through intramembranous ossification, while the cranial base develops through endochondral ossification from cartilaginous precursors. Multiple sutures and fontanelles are present at birth that gradually close during postnatal growth through remodeling and sutural growth.
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
Growth and development of the nasomaxillary complex /certified fixed orthodon...Indian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
Indian dental academy provides dental crown & Bridge,rotary endodontics,fixed orthodontics,
Dental implants courses.for details pls visit www.indiandentalacademy.com ,or call
00919248678078
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
Growth and development nasomaxillary complex ppt/certified fixed orthodontic ...Indian dental academy
Description :
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
Growth and development of cranium and faceRajesh Bariker
The document discusses prenatal human growth and development, beginning with definitions of growth and development and covering topics such as critical periods, signaling growth factors, prenatal development including pre-implantation, embryonic, and fetal periods, postnatal development, osteogenesis, basic growth movements, theories of growth, and normal and abnormal development. It provides details on the derivation and development of structures from the germ layers and pharyngeal arches during important periods such as pre-somite, somite, and post-somite.
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
The document discusses the growth and development of the cranial vault and base. It begins with the anatomy and functions, then covers prenatal and postnatal growth. Prenatally, the cranial vault develops through intramembranous ossification, while the cranial base develops through endochondral ossification from cartilaginous precursors. Multiple sutures and fontanelles are present at birth that gradually close during postnatal growth through remodeling and sutural growth.
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
Growth and development of the nasomaxillary complex /certified fixed orthodon...Indian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
Indian dental academy provides dental crown & Bridge,rotary endodontics,fixed orthodontics,
Dental implants courses.for details pls visit www.indiandentalacademy.com ,or call
00919248678078
This document discusses various methods for predicting craniofacial growth. It begins by explaining that growth prediction can help orthodontists plan treatment and understand how a patient's malocclusion may change as they grow. It then reviews several common cephalometric methods for growth prediction, including Moss's logarithmic spiral method and Ricketts's arcial growth model. The document provides detailed descriptions of the landmarks and principles underlying these two influential cephalometric methods. Overall, the summary aims to introduce the topic of growth prediction and highlight two important cephalometric approaches.
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
Growth of maxilla /certified fixed orthodontic courses by Indian dental acad...Indian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
Indian dental academy provides dental crown & Bridge,rotary endodontics,fixed orthodontics,
Dental implants courses.for details pls visit www.indiandentalacademy.com ,or call
00919248678078
Growth and Development of maxilla and nasomaxillary complexRaahat Vikram singh
The document discusses the prenatal growth and development of the maxilla and nasomaxillary complex. It begins with definitions of growth and development. It then describes how the maxilla develops from the frontonasal process and first pharyngeal arch in the 4th week of development. The maxillary processes bud off and fuse with other structures to form parts of the nose, lip, and palate by the 7th week. Ossification of the maxilla begins in the 7th week via intramembranous ossification. Secondary centers appear in the 8th week for other bones. The palate develops from the primary palate formed by 7 weeks and secondary palate that completes the roof of the mouth.
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
Growth of Nasomaxillary Complex and MandibleCing Sian Dal
The nasomaxillary complex grows through bone deposition and resorption, displacement, remodeling, and sutural growth. The maxillary tuberosity is a major site of growth, growing posteriorly, laterally, and downward. This results in horizontal elongation and widening of the maxillary arch. The whole maxilla undergoes primary displacement downward and forward. Secondary displacement from expansion of the middle cranial fossa also displaces the complex forward. Sutural growth occurs where new bone is deposited at sutures to sustain contact as the maxilla is displaced. Remodeling growth remodels the anterior maxilla. The alveolar bone and teeth are displaced downward and increase in width through vertical remodeling growth.
1. The document discusses prenatal facial growth, which can be divided into three periods: the period of the ovum, embryo, and fetus.
2. During the period of the embryo (1-7 weeks), the major development of the facial and cranial regions occurs, including the formation of the branchial arches which give rise to structures of the face, neck, and throat.
3. In the period of the fetus, accelerated growth of craniofacial structures occurs resulting in increased size and changes in proportions, and the prenatal growth of structures such as the cranial base, maxilla, mandible, palate, and mandible are described.
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
Post natal growth and development of mandible and maxilla /certified fixed or...Indian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
Indian dental academy provides dental crown & Bridge,rotary endodontics,fixed orthodontics,
Dental implants courses.for details pls visit www.indiandentalacademy.com ,or call
0091-9248678078
The document discusses the prenatal development of the maxilla. It begins with the three periods of growth - the period of the ovum, embryo, and fetus. During the period of the embryo, the major development of facial structures occurs. This includes the formation of the maxillary prominences from the first branchial arch and their fusion with other structures to form parts of the nose and palate. The maxilla begins ossifying around 7 weeks of gestation. The document also discusses the postnatal growth of the nasomaxillary complex through mechanisms like sutural growth and displacement caused by growth of surrounding structures.
Skeletal maturity is assessed through examination of ossification centers in bones like the hand and wrist. The Greulich and Pyle atlas and Bjork method involve comparing radiographs to standardized images to determine skeletal age. Singer's method stages skeletal maturity based on characteristics like the width of epiphyses compared to diaphyses and appearance of sesamoid bones. Assessing skeletal maturity is important for orthodontic treatment planning by indicating remaining growth potential.
orthodonticTraction of impacted maxillary canine and Piggyback techniquemohammed alawdi
This document discusses impacted maxillary canines. It notes that canines are commonly impacted palatally, with females more often affected than males. Clinical signs of an impacted canine include delayed eruption of the permanent canine or prolonged retention of the deciduous canine. Impacted canines can be located using radiographs. Treatment involves either open or closed surgical exposure techniques followed by orthodontic forces to erupt the canine into alignment. Forces are typically applied using cantilever springs or the Kilroy spring. Case examples demonstrate successful treatment of palatally and buccally impacted canines using these approaches.
Growth assessment /certified fixed orthodontic courses by Indian dental acad...Indian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
Indian dental academy provides dental crown & Bridge,rotary endodontics,fixed orthodontics,
Dental implants courses.for details pls visit www.indiandentalacademy.com ,or call
00919248678078
This document discusses genetics and its application to orthodontics. It covers several key topics:
1. Principles of genetic transmission including dominant and recessive inheritance.
2. The role of genetics in craniofacial development and conditions like malocclusion. Twin studies help determine hereditary influences.
3. Genetic syndromes that can cause dentofacial disturbances and their inheritance patterns. Conditions discussed include cleft lip/palate and Angle's Class II malocclusions.
4. The concepts of homeobox genes and how they control tooth and facial development. Mutations in genes can also cause diseases of enamel and dentin formation.
Prenatal and postnatal growth & development of maxilla and palate presented b...Dr. Himanshu Gorawat
This document summarizes the prenatal and postnatal growth and development of the maxilla and palate. It discusses how the maxilla develops from the first pharyngeal arch and the palate develops from the palatal shelves and frontonasal process prenatally. Postnatally, it describes how the maxilla and palate grow through processes like displacement, growth at sutures, and surface remodeling, which increases their size and changes their shape to accommodate tooth eruption. The midpalatal suture fuses by age 20. Overall, the document provides a comprehensive overview of the structural development and growth patterns of the maxilla and palate over prenatal and postnatal periods.
The mandible develops bilaterally from the first branchial arch and grows through intramembranous ossification rather than endochondral ossification. Important prenatal development includes the formation of Meckel's cartilage, secondary cartilages including the condylar cartilage which facilitates mandibular growth, and remodeling guided by tooth bud development. Postnatally, the mandible grows primarily in a posterior direction through growth of the condylar head, with forward and downward displacement of the body. The condylar cartilage serves both articular and growth functions through endochondral and membranous mechanisms.
Growth prediction (2) /certified fixed orthodontic courses by Indian dental a...Indian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
Indian dental academy provides dental crown & Bridge,rotary endodontics,fixed orthodontics,
Dental implants courses.for details pls visit www.indiandentalacademy.com ,or call
0091-9248678078
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
1. The document discusses growth and development, including definitions, physiology, factors affecting it, patterns, variability, and timing.
2. Key points include growth being an increase in size while development involves cellular differentiation; physiology involves hormones like HGH and IGF-1; and factors include heredity, nutrition, illness, socioeconomics, and endocrine function.
3. Growth occurs in patterns with the head growing faster early in development while the legs grow faster later. Variability exists between individuals and timing has critical periods and growth spurts.
This document discusses various methods for predicting craniofacial growth. It begins by explaining that growth prediction can help orthodontists plan treatment and understand how a patient's malocclusion may change as they grow. It then reviews several common cephalometric methods for growth prediction, including Moss's logarithmic spiral method and Ricketts's arcial growth model. The document provides detailed descriptions of the landmarks and principles underlying these two influential cephalometric methods. Overall, the summary aims to introduce the topic of growth prediction and highlight two important cephalometric approaches.
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
Growth of maxilla /certified fixed orthodontic courses by Indian dental acad...Indian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
Indian dental academy provides dental crown & Bridge,rotary endodontics,fixed orthodontics,
Dental implants courses.for details pls visit www.indiandentalacademy.com ,or call
00919248678078
Growth and Development of maxilla and nasomaxillary complexRaahat Vikram singh
The document discusses the prenatal growth and development of the maxilla and nasomaxillary complex. It begins with definitions of growth and development. It then describes how the maxilla develops from the frontonasal process and first pharyngeal arch in the 4th week of development. The maxillary processes bud off and fuse with other structures to form parts of the nose, lip, and palate by the 7th week. Ossification of the maxilla begins in the 7th week via intramembranous ossification. Secondary centers appear in the 8th week for other bones. The palate develops from the primary palate formed by 7 weeks and secondary palate that completes the roof of the mouth.
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
Growth of Nasomaxillary Complex and MandibleCing Sian Dal
The nasomaxillary complex grows through bone deposition and resorption, displacement, remodeling, and sutural growth. The maxillary tuberosity is a major site of growth, growing posteriorly, laterally, and downward. This results in horizontal elongation and widening of the maxillary arch. The whole maxilla undergoes primary displacement downward and forward. Secondary displacement from expansion of the middle cranial fossa also displaces the complex forward. Sutural growth occurs where new bone is deposited at sutures to sustain contact as the maxilla is displaced. Remodeling growth remodels the anterior maxilla. The alveolar bone and teeth are displaced downward and increase in width through vertical remodeling growth.
1. The document discusses prenatal facial growth, which can be divided into three periods: the period of the ovum, embryo, and fetus.
2. During the period of the embryo (1-7 weeks), the major development of the facial and cranial regions occurs, including the formation of the branchial arches which give rise to structures of the face, neck, and throat.
3. In the period of the fetus, accelerated growth of craniofacial structures occurs resulting in increased size and changes in proportions, and the prenatal growth of structures such as the cranial base, maxilla, mandible, palate, and mandible are described.
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
Post natal growth and development of mandible and maxilla /certified fixed or...Indian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
Indian dental academy provides dental crown & Bridge,rotary endodontics,fixed orthodontics,
Dental implants courses.for details pls visit www.indiandentalacademy.com ,or call
0091-9248678078
The document discusses the prenatal development of the maxilla. It begins with the three periods of growth - the period of the ovum, embryo, and fetus. During the period of the embryo, the major development of facial structures occurs. This includes the formation of the maxillary prominences from the first branchial arch and their fusion with other structures to form parts of the nose and palate. The maxilla begins ossifying around 7 weeks of gestation. The document also discusses the postnatal growth of the nasomaxillary complex through mechanisms like sutural growth and displacement caused by growth of surrounding structures.
Skeletal maturity is assessed through examination of ossification centers in bones like the hand and wrist. The Greulich and Pyle atlas and Bjork method involve comparing radiographs to standardized images to determine skeletal age. Singer's method stages skeletal maturity based on characteristics like the width of epiphyses compared to diaphyses and appearance of sesamoid bones. Assessing skeletal maturity is important for orthodontic treatment planning by indicating remaining growth potential.
orthodonticTraction of impacted maxillary canine and Piggyback techniquemohammed alawdi
This document discusses impacted maxillary canines. It notes that canines are commonly impacted palatally, with females more often affected than males. Clinical signs of an impacted canine include delayed eruption of the permanent canine or prolonged retention of the deciduous canine. Impacted canines can be located using radiographs. Treatment involves either open or closed surgical exposure techniques followed by orthodontic forces to erupt the canine into alignment. Forces are typically applied using cantilever springs or the Kilroy spring. Case examples demonstrate successful treatment of palatally and buccally impacted canines using these approaches.
Growth assessment /certified fixed orthodontic courses by Indian dental acad...Indian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
Indian dental academy provides dental crown & Bridge,rotary endodontics,fixed orthodontics,
Dental implants courses.for details pls visit www.indiandentalacademy.com ,or call
00919248678078
This document discusses genetics and its application to orthodontics. It covers several key topics:
1. Principles of genetic transmission including dominant and recessive inheritance.
2. The role of genetics in craniofacial development and conditions like malocclusion. Twin studies help determine hereditary influences.
3. Genetic syndromes that can cause dentofacial disturbances and their inheritance patterns. Conditions discussed include cleft lip/palate and Angle's Class II malocclusions.
4. The concepts of homeobox genes and how they control tooth and facial development. Mutations in genes can also cause diseases of enamel and dentin formation.
Prenatal and postnatal growth & development of maxilla and palate presented b...Dr. Himanshu Gorawat
This document summarizes the prenatal and postnatal growth and development of the maxilla and palate. It discusses how the maxilla develops from the first pharyngeal arch and the palate develops from the palatal shelves and frontonasal process prenatally. Postnatally, it describes how the maxilla and palate grow through processes like displacement, growth at sutures, and surface remodeling, which increases their size and changes their shape to accommodate tooth eruption. The midpalatal suture fuses by age 20. Overall, the document provides a comprehensive overview of the structural development and growth patterns of the maxilla and palate over prenatal and postnatal periods.
The mandible develops bilaterally from the first branchial arch and grows through intramembranous ossification rather than endochondral ossification. Important prenatal development includes the formation of Meckel's cartilage, secondary cartilages including the condylar cartilage which facilitates mandibular growth, and remodeling guided by tooth bud development. Postnatally, the mandible grows primarily in a posterior direction through growth of the condylar head, with forward and downward displacement of the body. The condylar cartilage serves both articular and growth functions through endochondral and membranous mechanisms.
Growth prediction (2) /certified fixed orthodontic courses by Indian dental a...Indian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
Indian dental academy provides dental crown & Bridge,rotary endodontics,fixed orthodontics,
Dental implants courses.for details pls visit www.indiandentalacademy.com ,or call
0091-9248678078
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
1. The document discusses growth and development, including definitions, physiology, factors affecting it, patterns, variability, and timing.
2. Key points include growth being an increase in size while development involves cellular differentiation; physiology involves hormones like HGH and IGF-1; and factors include heredity, nutrition, illness, socioeconomics, and endocrine function.
3. Growth occurs in patterns with the head growing faster early in development while the legs grow faster later. Variability exists between individuals and timing has critical periods and growth spurts.
Naso maxillary complex 5 /certified fixed orthodontic courses by Indian den...Indian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
Indian dental academy provides dental crown & Bridge,rotary endodontics,fixed orthodontics,
Dental implants courses.for details pls visit www.indiandentalacademy.com ,or call
0091-9248678078
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
Pre natal and post-natal development of maxilla part 2/certified fixed orthod...Indian dental academy
The document summarizes prenatal and postnatal development of the maxilla. It describes how the palate develops from the primary and secondary palatal shelves between weeks 5-10 of development. The palatal shelves initially grow vertically on either side of the tongue, then reorient horizontally above the tongue where they fuse in the midline. Ossification of the palate begins around week 8 from the maxillae and palatine bones. Postnatally, the maxilla continues growing through processes like sutural growth, surface remodeling, and pneumatization of the maxillary sinuses.
This document discusses the cranial base angle and its relationship to malocclusion. It begins with an anatomy section describing the cranial base. It then discusses how the cranial base functions to support the brain and provide passageways. Growth of the cranial base is attributed to displacement from brain growth and synchondroses like the spheno-occipital synchondrosis. The cranial base angle is defined and factors like an increased or decreased angle or length are associated with Class II or III skeletal patterns. Larger cranial base angles tend to position jaws in a Class II relationship while smaller angles a Class III relationship.
This document provides an outline of a lecture on principles and methods in oral epidemiology. It introduces key concepts such as measures of disease frequency like prevalence and incidence. It also discusses rates, proportions, odds, risks, ratios and differences. Additionally, it covers causality and criteria for determining causal relationships. Sources of bias in research are also mentioned.
The document discusses growth and development from an orthodontic perspective. It covers several key points:
1. Growth involves increases in size, changes in proportions, and increasing complexity over time from embryological development through childhood, adolescence and adulthood.
2. Factors like heredity, nutrition, illness, socioeconomics, and environment can influence growth.
3. Growth occurs in rhythmic patterns with growth spurts, including one in early childhood and another during adolescence.
4. Understanding normal growth patterns, variability, and timing is important for orthodontic treatment planning and assessment.
pre natal &; post-natal growth of maxilla & palate mahesh kumar
This document discusses the prenatal and postnatal development of the maxilla and palate.
During prenatal development, the maxilla forms from the maxillary prominences. The palate develops from the maxillary processes and palatal shelves. The palatal shelves initially grow vertically but then reorient horizontally and fuse in the midline.
Postnatally, the maxilla grows through processes like displacement, growth at sutures, and surface remodeling. Displacement includes primary displacement from growth of structures like the maxillary tuberosity, and secondary displacement from growth of structures it is attached to like the cranial base. Growth occurs at sutures connecting the maxilla. Surface remodeling increases the size, shape
Growth &Development of Cranial base /certified fixed orthodontic courses by ...Indian dental academy
Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
The document summarizes the development of the face, nose, palate, nasal cavities, and pituitary gland from the 4th week of development. It describes how the face develops from 5 mesenchymal prominences that surround the primitive mouth. It then discusses the development of specific structures such as the lips, salivary glands, nose, palate, and nasal cavities from these prominences. The pituitary gland is noted to develop from the ectoderm of the roof of the stomodeum and floor of the diencephalon. Some congenital anomalies are also briefly mentioned.
Ricketts analysis /certified fixed orthodontic courses by Indian dental academy Indian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
Indian dental academy provides dental crown & Bridge,rotary endodontics,fixed orthodontics,
Dental implants courses.for details pls visit www.indiandentalacademy.com ,or call
0091-9248678078
The document provides an overview of dental public health and the role of dental hygienists. It discusses topics such as the historical development of dental hygiene and prevention programs, dental care delivery systems in the US and internationally, program planning and evaluation, oral epidemiology, and careers in dental public health.
The document outlines the key anatomical landmarks and measurements used in Rakosi analysis to evaluate facial growth patterns and plan functional appliance therapy. The patient's analysis shows a vertical growth pattern with a posteriorly positioned mandible relative to the cranial base. Both the upper and lower incisors are proclined, making functional appliance therapy more challenging. Overall, the Rakosi analysis provides important diagnostic information but also indicates some limitations for treating this patient solely with a functional appliance due to the vertical growth pattern and proclined incisor positions.
This document provides an overview of the muscles of the face. It begins with an introduction and outlines the various groupings of facial muscles, including topographic and functional groupings. It then describes each individual muscle in detail, covering origins, insertions, blood supply, nerve supply, and actions. Examples are given of how facial muscles contribute to different expressions. Clinical applications including facial paralysis and use of botulinum toxin injections are discussed. The document concludes with a brief section on skin tension lines and wrinkles.
The document discusses the field of public health dentistry. It provides definitions of key terms like public health and dental public health. It describes the historical development of public health and changing concepts in public health from disease control to health promotion to social engineering to health for all. It outlines tools used in dental public health like epidemiology and biostatistics. It discusses characteristics of ideal public health measures and services provided through public health dentistry.
Growth & development of maxilla and mandibleRajesh Bariker
The document discusses the pre-natal and post-natal growth and development of the maxilla and mandible. It describes how the maxilla forms from embryonic development and ossification centers. It grows through displacement, remodeling at sutures, and increases in height, width and length. The mandible develops from Meckel's cartilage and also grows through remodeling at sites of growth. The palate develops from primary and secondary palatal shelves fusing in the midline. Post-natally, the maxilla grows through apposition at sutures and displacement downward and forward from cranial base growth. The mandible grows through remodeling at sites like the ramus and condyle.
Growth & development of maxilla and mandiblePiyush Verma
The document summarizes the growth and development of the maxilla and mandible. It discusses the prenatal growth of the maxilla, including how the maxillary process develops from the first branchial arch and fuses with other structures to form the primitive palate. It also describes the development of the primary and secondary palate, with the palatal shelves growing horizontally to fuse and form the completed palate. The prenatal growth of the mandible is also discussed briefly.
Mandible growth / /certified fixed orthodontic courses by Indian dental academy Indian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
Indian dental academy provides dental crown & Bridge,rotary endodontics,fixed orthodontics,
Dental implants courses.for details pls visit www.indiandentalacademy.com ,or call
00919248678078
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
Congenital cysts and sinuses of the neck develop from branchial arches and pouches during weeks 4-5 of gestation. The majority are second arch anomalies that present as a cyst or fistula on the lower anterior border of the sternocleidomastoid muscle in the first decade of life. Complete surgical excision is generally recommended after 3 months of age to prevent recurrence or infection, though antibiotics and aspiration may be used first if infection is present. The tract of a branchial fistula passes through the carotid bifurcation and structures derived from the second and third pharyngeal arches.
Congenital cysts and sinuses of the neck develop from the branchial arches and pouches during weeks 4-5 of gestation. Branchial cysts present as soft, non-transilluminant masses in the upper third of the sternocleidomastoid muscle. Branchial fistulas appear as skin pits that may discharge. Thyroglossal duct cysts are the most common congenital neck masses, appearing as midline swellings that move with swallowing. Complete surgical excision is usually recommended to prevent infection and recurrence.
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
The document discusses the osteology and development of the facial bones, with a focus on the maxilla and mandible. It provides details on:
- The 14 bones that make up the face, including the maxilla and mandible.
- The development of the maxilla from embryonic facial processes. Key aspects of maxillary development like the formation of the palatine processes and palate are explained.
- The anatomy and features of the adult maxilla bone, including its surfaces, processes, sinuses, and muscle attachments.
- Relevant clinical implications are discussed, such as variations that may impact surgeries or anesthetics involving the infraorbital foramen.
- Development and
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
Biological consideration in maxillary edentulous arch/endodontic coursesIndian dental academy
Description :
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
Growth & development of face/certified fixed orthodontic courses by India...Indian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
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The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
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Imaging for the oral cavity neoplastic lesions finalSelf-employed
Presentation about the imaging of the oral cavity from anatomy, imaging modalities used to the most common neoplastic lesions met during clinical practice.
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The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
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DEVELOPMENT OF MAXILLA AND ITS PROSTHODONTIC RELATION.pptxGauri Patil
This document discusses the development of the maxilla and its implications for prosthodontic treatment. It begins with definitions of growth, development, anatomy of the maxilla, and phases of development including prenatal and postnatal. Prenatal development includes the formation of the maxilla from embryonic processes. Postnatal development involves displacement, sutural growth, and surface remodeling. Prosthodontic implications are discussed for conditions like cleft lip and palate, maxillary hypoplasia, tumors and cysts. Management of these conditions may involve surgery, obturators, dentures or implants. Challenges in treating torus palatinus and conditions like Pierre Robin syndrome are also summarized.
This document discusses the classification, structure, development and functions of the internal organs. It covers:
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- The general structure of tubular organs consisting of mucous, muscular and serous layers.
- Development of the alimentary system from the primitive gut and formation of the oral and anal pits in the embryo.
- Rotation of the stomach and gut during fetal development.
- Functions of the alimentary system including storage, digestion, absorption and elimination.
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Indian Dental Academy
Leader in continuing dental education
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skype:indiandentalacademy
+919248678078
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
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This document discusses dental occlusion concepts and philosophies for complete dentures. It introduces key terms like physiologic occlusion and defines different occlusion schemes like balanced articulation and monoplane articulation. The document discusses advantages and disadvantages of using anatomic versus non-anatomic teeth for complete dentures. It also outlines requirements for maintaining denture stability, such as balanced occlusal contacts and control of horizontal forces. The goal of occlusion for complete dentures is to re-establish the homeostasis of the masticatory system disrupted by edentulism.
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The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
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The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
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Dental tissues and their replacements/ oral surgery courses
Development of naso maxillary complex /certified fixed orthodontic courses by Indian dental academy
1. Gr owt h and
Dev el opm
ent of
Nas om
axi l l ar y
c om ex
pl
INDIAN DENTAL ACADEMY
Leader in continuing dental education
www.indiandentalacademy.com
www.indiandentalacademy.com
3. Gr owt h and development of
Nasomaxillar y complex
Anat omy
Pr e nat al gr owt h
Post nat al gr owt h
Theor ies
Nasomaxillar y r emodeling
Clinical implicat ions
Ar t icles
Summar y
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7. Anatomy
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Ext er nal anat omy of t he nose
Muscles at t achment s
Blood supply
Ner ve supply
Lymphat ic
Hist ological f eat ur es
Relat ion t o sur r ounding st r uct ur es
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8. Anatomy Of Maxilla
Two maxillae ar t iculat e t o f or m
1. Whole upper j aw.
2. Roof of or al cavit y.
3. Gr eat er par t of buccal r oof , f loor and
lat er al wall of nasal cavit y and par t of
nasal br idge.
4. Gr eat er par t of f loor of t he or bit .
5. I nf r at empor al and pt er gyopalat ine
f ossae
6. I nf er ior or bit al and pt er ygomaxillar y
f issur es
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9. Anatomy Of Maxilla
Par t s of Maxilla
1. Body –Lar ge and pyr amidal in shape .
FR
ONTAL
2. Four pr ocesses
P
ALATINE
ZYGOMATIC
ALVEOLAR
MAXILLA HOUSES THE LAR
GEST SINUS OF THE
FACE THE MAXILLAR SINUS
Y
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10. Maxilla – Medial View
Frontal process
Maxillary sinus
Maxillary process [palatine]
Horizontal plate of palatine
Palatine process[maxilla]
Alveolar process
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11. Maxilla - Lateral View
Frontal process
Nasal notch
Zygomatic process
ANS
Alveolar process
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17. Palatine Bone
Hor izont al plat e
Per pendicular plat e
Pyr amidal pr ocess
Or bit al pr ocess
Sphenoidal pr ocess
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18. Zygomatic Bone
Cheek pr ominence
Lat er al wall of or bit
I nf r at empor al f ossa
3 For amen
3 Muscles
Fr ont al pr ocess – lateral
palpebral, suspensory
ligament.
Tempor al pr ocess
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20. Lacrimal Bone
Smallest – most f r agile
Ar t iculat es wit h
Maxilla
Fr ont al bone
Et hmoid
bone
Nasal concha
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21. Nasal Septum
The nasal sept um is made
up of t he f ollowing:
per pendicular plat e of
et hmoid
vomer
maxilla
sept al car t ilage
Muscles at t ached t o
Nasal bones – Pr ocer us
and nasalis.
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23. Ethmoid
Lat er al masses wit h air
cells ossif ied at bir t h
Nasal sept um par t
ossif ies dur ing 1st yr
Cr ibr if or m laminae ossif y
in 2nd yr
Cr ist a galli bet ween 2nd
&4t hyr
These car t ilages f use
wit h t he lat er al masses in
t he 6t hyr
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24. Sphenoid
Thr ee par t s
Body
Lesser wing
Gr eat er wing wit h
t he pt er ygoid
pr ocesses f use dur ing
t he 1st yr
Spheno-occipit al
synchondr osis begins
af t er puber t y
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25. External nose
•
•
•
Cover ed by t he int egument , and lined by mucous
membr ane
The bony f r ame-wor k occupies t he upper par t of
t he or gan; it consist s of t he nasal bones, and t he
f r ont al pr ocesses of t he maxillæ.
The car t ilaginous f r ame-wor k (car aginesnasi) consist s
til
of f ive lar ge pieces
car t ilage of t he sept um,
t wo lat er al and t he t wo gr eat er alar car t ilages,
and
sever al smaller pieces, lesser alar car t ilages
The car t ilage of t he sept um (car agosepti nasi) is
til
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quadr ilat er al t er med t he septum mobile nasi.
28. Para nasal Sinuses
Maxillar y sinus
Fr ont al sinus
Et hmoidal sinus
Sphenoidal sinus
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29. Maxillary sinus
Pyr amidal shaped
Base - lat er al wall of t he nasal
cavit y
Apex - int o t he zygomat ic
pr ocess
Aver age - 14.75cc
Floor of sinus is above t hat of
nasal cavit y at bir t h
Sinus incr eases 3t imes ant post & 5t imes in height and
widt h
I n t he inf er ior end of t he
uncinat e pr ocess,
www.indiandentalacademy.com is t he ostium
maxillare, or opening f r om t he
30. Frontal sinus
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
The Frontal Sinuses (sinu fr es)
s ontal
Behind t he super ciliar y ar ches
Aver age measur ement s ar e as f ollows:
Height , 3 cm
Br eadt h, 2.5 cm
Dept h f r om bef or e backwar d, 2.5 cm
Opens int o middle meat us of t he nose
t hr ough t he f r ont onasal duct
Absent at bir t h, t hey ar e gener ally f air ly
well developed bet ween t he sevent h and
eight h year s
Reach t heir f www.indiandentalacademy.com
ull size af t er puber t y
31. Ethmoidal sinus
The Ethmoidal Air Cells (celuae
ll
eth es)
moidal
Et hmoidal labyr int h and
complet ed by t he f r ont al,
maxilla, lacr imal, sphenoidal,
and palat ine bones
Thr ee gr oups, anterior,
middle, and posterior
The ant er ior and middle
gr oups open int o t he middle
meat us of t he nose
The post er ior cells open int o
t he super ior meat us
www.indiandentalacademy.comet al lif e.
Develop dur ing f
32. Sphenoidal sinus
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
The Sphenoidal Sinuses (sinu sph es)
s enoidal
Aver age measur ement s
Ver t ical height , 2.2 cm
Tr ansver se br eadt h, 2 cm
Ant er o-post er ior dept h, 2.2 cm
Communicat es wit h t he sphenoet hmoidal
r ecess
Minut e cavit ies at bir t h
Development t akes place af t er puber t y
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33. Nasal Cavity
The nasal chamber s ar e sit uat ed one
on eit her side of t he median plane
They open in f r ont t hr ough t he nar es,
and communicat e behind t hr ough t he
choanæ wit h t he nasal par t of t he
phar ynx
Nares ar e somewhat pear -shaped
aper t ur es, each measur ing about 2.5
cm - ant er o-post er ior ly and 1.25 cm t r ansver sely at it s widest par t
Choanae ar e t wo oval openings each
measur ing 2.5 cm. in t he ver t ical, and
1.25 cm. in t he t r ansver se dir ect ion in
a well-developed adult skull
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37. Relations with surrounding tissues
•
•
•
•
•
•
I nf r at empor al f ossa
Pt er gyopalat ine f ossa
Basicr anium
Middle ear
Or al cavit y
Nasophar ynx
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39. Blood vessels, Nerves &
Lymphatics
External carotid artery
V & VII cranial nerve
Submandibular lymphnodes
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40. Histological Appearance
Olf actory cells, olf actory hairs and glands of
B
owman, ar e ident ical in st r uct ur e wit h ser ous
glands
The epit helial cells of t he nose, f auces and
r espir at or y passages play an impor t ant r ole in t he
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41. Development of Embryo
•
1st week – 3 rd week
•
Ovum
Zygot e
Blast ocyst
Gast r ula
Neur ulat ion
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42. Development of Embryo
4 t h week
Somit es
Neur al t ube f or mat ion
24 t h day 1st and 2 nd ar ch ar e
dist inct
26 t h day – 3 pair s of br anchial
ar ches
ot ic pit s appear
4 t h pair of
br anchial ar ches and lens
placodes
ar e visible
• C shaped cur vat ur e of t he
embr yo
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44. Branchial Arches
1st
•
•
Arch - Mandibular Arch
2 pr ominences - mandibular pr ominence
- maxillar y pr ominence
Bones – mandibular ,
maxilla,
zygomat ic
squamous par t of t he t empor al
bone
malleus
incus
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45. Branchial Arches
1st Arch - Mandibular Arch
•
Muscles of mast icat ion
Mylohyoid and ant er ior belly of digast r ic
Tensor t ympani
Tensor veli palat ine
Ant er ior ligament of malleus
Sphenomandibular ligament
Trigeminal nerve except the opthalmic division
Maxillary artery
Meckel’s cartilage
•
•
•
www.indiandentalacademy.com
46. Branchial Arches
2nd
•
Arch - Hyoid Arch
Bone - hyoid
st apes
st yloid pr ocess
lesser cor nu of hyoid
upper par t of body of hyoid
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47. Branchial Arches
•
2nd Arch - Hyoid Arch
Muscles of f acial expr ession
st apedius
st ylohyoid
post er ior belly of digast r ic
st ylohyoid ligament
Facial nerve
Stapedial artery
R
eichert’s cartilage
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48. Branchial Arches
•
•
Thir d Ar ch
Bone – gr eat er cor nu and t he inf er ior par t
of t he body of t he hyoid bone
St ylophar yngeus
Glossopharyngeal nerve
Common carotid artery
Internal carotid artery
Carotid body
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49. Branchial Arches
Fourth
•
•
Arch
Thyr oid car t ilage
cor niculat e
cunief or m car t ilage
Muscles – cr icot hyr oid, const r ict or s of
phar ynx, palat ophar yngeus, uvular muscles
of sof t palat e, palat oglossus
Superior laryngeal nerve
Lef t – arch of aorta & R
ight – subclavian
and brachiocephalic arteries
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51. P natal growth and
re
development
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52. Prenatal embryology
1/ 3 r d
Pr ominence
• Face - Upper
- Fr ont onasal
- Middle
- Maxillar y
- Lower
- Mandibular
Or ganizing cent er s
Pr osencephalic
- Upper t hir d of f ace
Rhombencephalic - Middle t hir d of f ace
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53. 4th week IUL
•
Shallow depr ession - Pr imit ive mout h
- St omodeum
•
Floor of t he st omodeum is f or med by
t he Buccophar yengeal membr ane
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54. Pre-natal growth
At
f ourth week of of IUL1.migr at ion of neur al cr est cells
2.f or mat ion of br achial ar ches
FR
ONTONASAL
MAXILLAR
Y
MAXILLAR
Y
STOMODEUM
MANDIB
ULAR
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MANDIB
ULAR
56. Maxillar y
and Mandibular pr ocessesf irst branchial arch
Fr ont onasal pr ocesses- downward
prolif eration of mesenchyme of
developing brain
Medial nasal
Lateral nasal
maxilla
mandible
Mesenchyme of first arch
zygomatic
palatine
Part of temporal
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57. Nasal process
Lat er al
nasal
pr ocess
Median nasal
pr ocess
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58. At
Seventh Week IUL1.For mat ion of upper lip
2.I nt r amembr anous Bone
ossif icat ion Takes Place
3.For mat ion of Nasal Sept um
4.Nasolacr imal Duct
5.For mat ion of Pr imar y Palat e
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59. At Seventh Week IUL
Pr imar y
ossif icat ion cent er -f or each
maxilla at t er minat ion of inf r aor bit al
ner ve above canine t oot h dent al
lamina.
zygomat ic
Secondar y
cent er
int er maxillar y
or bit onasal
nasopalat ine
www.indiandentalacademy.com
60. At Eighth Week IUL
Two
int er maxillar y ossif icat ion cent er s
gener at e t he alveolar r idge and pr imar y
palat e
I nt r amembr anous ossif icat ion cent er s
appear f or ;
-Nasal and lacr imal bones.
-Medial pt er ygoid plat e of sphenoid.
-Vomer .
-Zygomat ic bone www.indiandentalacademy.com
61. Twelf th Week
Ant er opost er ior
maxillo- mandibular
r elat ionship appr oaches t hat of
newbor n inf ant
Maxilla
incr eases in height
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64. Growth of palate
1st
t r imest er -nar r ow
2 nd t r imest er -moder at e widt h
3 rd t r imest er - wide
Br eadt h>lengt h
Height changes less dr amat ic
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65. Growth of palate
•
Two pr imor dia, pr imar y palat e and
secondar y palat e
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66. Pre-natal Growth and development
of palate
For mat ion
palat e
Elevat ion
Fusion
of pr imar y and secondar y
of palat al shelves
of palat al shelves
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67. Early palate formation
28 t h
day of I UL
-disint egr at ion of buccophar angeal
membr ane
Oral cavity
st omadeal chamber
Nasal cavity
Hor izont al
ext ensions
2 palatal
Single primary
shelves
palate
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68. St r uct ur e
of palat e
P
rimary palate Secondary palate
5 TH week
IUL
PALATOGENESI S
6
9
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CRI TI CAL PERI OD
12
TH
week IUL
71. Secondary palate
Maxillary prominence
2 horizontal mesenchymal projecti
Lateral palatine process
Fuse-
With each
other
P
rimary
palate
Nasal septum
Secondary
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palate
73. Elevation of palatal shelves
At 6 weeks
1. Tongue {undif f er ent iat ed t issue}
pushes dor sally
2. palat al shelves become ver t ical
3. Elevat ion occur s f r om ver t ical t o
hor izont al posit ion
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74. Elevation of palate
H s t ol ogi c al s ec t
i
Nas al
s ept um
Pal at al
s hel v es
Tongu
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e
75. At 8 weeks
Muscular
movemen
t
Vascular
changes
Intrinsic
shelf
f orce
P
ressure
dif f erenc
es
B
iomechanical
transf ormation
Increase in
Elevation of palatal shelves tissue turger
Dif f erential
mitotic
growth
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Withdrawal
of embryo’s
f ace
83. Formation of palate [summary]
Pr imor dium For me
of
d by
Pr imar y
palat e
Secondar
y palat e
Pr e
maxilla
Der ive
d f r om
Median
Fr ont onasal
palat ine
pr ocess
pr ocess
Har d
Lat er al Maxillar y
and
palat ine pr ocess
sof t
pr ocess
www.indiandentalacademy.com
palat e
84. Ossification of the palate
•
8th wk
•
10th wk
•
Childhood
•
•
Pr emaxillar y cent r es
Pr imar y ossif icat ion cent r es of each
palat ine bone
Y shaped midpalat al sut ur e
T shaped midpalat al sut ur e
No ossif icat ion at t he sof t palat e
r egion
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85. Musculature of palate
Tensor
veli palat ini
40 days
ar ch
Palat ophar angeous
45 days
Levat or veli palat ini
8 t h week
ar ch
Palat oglossus
9 t h week
Uvular muscle
11t hweek
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ar ch
1st
2 nd
2 nd
87. Growth in dimensions
Pr e
nat al lif e
(appositional growth in the alveolar
margin)
lengt h > widt h
At
bir t h
(appositional growth in the maxillary
tuberosity)
lengt h =
Post
widt h
nat al lif e
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widt h > lengt h
88. Factors af f ecting growth of
palate
Elevat ion
of head and lower j aw
Oxygen and nut r it ional def iciency
Excess endocr ine subst ances
Dr ugs
t er at oge
ns
I r r adiat ion
Vascular it y
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89. Maxillary sinus
PRE
NATAL
lat er al evaginat ion of mucous
membr ane in middle meat us –3 rd mont h
I UL
AT BI RTH
2mm
-long, 1mm in widt h + height
PNEUMATI SATI ON
P IMAR
R
Y
SECONDAR
Y
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91. Clef t Lip and P
alate
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92. Genesis of clef t lip and
palat e
Associat ed
wit h mor e t han 150
syndr omes
Aet iology
• Mut ant gene or chr omosomal
aber r at ions
- Monogenic
- Polygenic
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94. Genesis of clef t
Separ at ion due t o wide gr owing br ain
and cr anial f loor
• Separ at ion due t o t ongue
• Biochemical or t issue bar r ier
int er cedes bet ween t he f using par t s
• Pr imar y f ailur e in t he f usion
•
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96. Clef t lip usually seen at
t he philt r um and t he
lat er al par t of t he upper
lip
Har elip
Bif id nose
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97. Prenatal anomalies
Formation of
germ layers
Day 17
Fetal
alcohol
syndrome
[mid f ace
def iciency]
Migration
and
prolif eratio
n of cell
population
Day 1928
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Treacher Collin
syndrome
98. Prenatal anomalies
P
rimary palate 28- 38
f ormation
days
Clef t lip /clef t palat
other f acial clef ts
Clef t palate/synostosis
Secondary
palate
f ormation
Crouzon syndrome
42- 55
Epithelial pearls
days
Torus palatinus
High arched palate
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99. Ot her syndr omes
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Downs syndr ome
Hur ler s syndr ome
Cebocephaly
Scaphocephaly
Aper t syndr ome
Cyclops
Van der Woude syndr ome
Cr aniost enosis
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102. ANOMALIES OF THE P
ALATE
High ar ched palat e
MAR
FANS
SYNDR
OME
CR
OUZON
SYNDR
OME
CLEIDOCR
ANIAL
DYSOSTOSIS
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103. Genesis of clef t palat e
Delay in shelf
elevat ion
Dist ur bance in
mechanism of shelf
elevat ion
Failur e of shelves t o
cont act due t o lack of
gr owt h
Failur e t o displace t he
t ongue dur ing closur e
[ Pier r e Robin
syndr ome]
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104. ANOMALIES OF P
ALATE
Clef t
palat e
Failure of f usion of the lateral
palatine process with each other
or with the median palatine
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process
105. Genesis of clef t palate
Failur e t o f use
af t er cont act as
epit helium does not
br eak down
Rupt ur e af t er
f usion
Def ect ive mer ging
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106. Types of clef t palate
B id
if
uvula
Unilateral
clef t
palate
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B
ilateral
clef t
palate
109. Classif icat ions
Davis and R
itchie’s : (1922)
Group I – prealveolar clef ts
Group II – postalveolar clef ts
: clef t involving hard and sof t
palate
Group III – Clef t of both primary and
secondary palate
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110. Veau’s classif icat ion : (1931)
A. Clef t lip
class I : U/L notching of vermillion
border, not
extending into the
lip.
class II : clef t extending into the
lip, but not
including the
f loor of the nose.
class III: extending into the f loor of
the nose.
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class IV: any b/l clef t of the lip,
111. •
•
B Clef t palate
.
class I : sof t palate
•
class II : sof t/hard palate
extending no
f urther
than incisive f oramen
•
class III: complete u/l clef t,
extending f rom
uvula to
incisive f oramen, then
deviating to one side
•
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class IV: two clef ts extending
112. Fogh Ander son’s Classif icat ion
(1946)
1.
Hare lip clef t
2.
Hare lip clef t associated with clef t
palate
3.
Isolated clef t palate
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113. Ker nahan / St ar k’s (1958)
1.
Clef t of primary palate
2.
Clef t of secondary palate
3.
Clef t involving both primary and
secondary palate.
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114. I nt er disciplinar y appr oach
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Genecist
Orthodontist
Oral Maxillof acial Surgeon
P
rosthodontist
P
lastic Surgeon
P
aediatrician
Social workers
P
sychiatrist / P
sychologist
Speech P
athologist / Therapist
Audiologist
Nursing services www.indiandentalacademy.com
115. Stage I
•
•
•
Maxillary Orthopedic stage – Bir t h t o 18
mont hs
Mc Neil – 1950 pr ost het ic devices
Obt ur at or
False plat e
Maxillar y cr oss ar ch st abilit y
Maxillar y or t hopedic molding
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116. Pr emaxillar y or t hopaedics – bir t h t o
5 mont hs
• 1686 – Hof man
• Use of headcap and pr emaxillar y
st r ap t o r eposit ion t he pr emaxilla
•
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117. Cheiloplast y
• Rule of Tens
10 weeks of age
10 pounds of body weight
10 gr ams of hemoglobin
•
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118. •
Maxillar y or t hopaedics – 3 t o 9
mont hs
Obt ur at or t o pr ovide cr oss ar ch
st abilit y
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119. St age
II
- Pr imar y dent it ion - 18
mont hs t o 5 yr s
St age
I I I - Lat e pr imar y or mixed
dent it ion – 6 t o 11 yr s
St age
18yr s
I V – Per manent dent it ion – 12 t o
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120. Gr af t ing pr ocedur es
•
Palat oplast y - 1 t o 2 yr s
Pr imar y bone gr af t ing < 2 yr s
Ear ly secondar y bone gr af t ing – 2 t o 4 yr s
Secondar y bone gr af t ing – 6 t o 15 yr s
Lat e secondar y bone gr af t ing – Adult
•
Gr af t f r om RI B - 2cms is har vest ed
•
•
•
•
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121. Clinical f eat ur es of clef t
palat e
Feeding
pr oblems par t icular ly in
inf ant s in whom suckling pr ocess
demands int act palat e
Nasal
voice
r egur git at ion/ nasal t wang in
Collapsed
Dif f icult y
ar ch
in speech and swallowing
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122. Dent al def or mit ies
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Nat al or neonat al t eet h
Congenit ally missing t eet h
Super numer ar y t eet h
Ect opic er upt ions
Alt er ed t oot h mor phology
Def icient alveolar bone suppor t
Rot at ions, deviat ions in axial r oot
inclinat ions
Post er ior cr oss bit e
Mobile and pr ot uber ant pr emaxilla
Convex pr of ile
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123. P
ost natal growth of
Nasomaxillary complex
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124. •
•
•
•
Gener al f eat ur es
Thr ee dimensional gr owt h of maxilla
Height (Ver t ical)
Widt h (Tr ansver se)
Lengt h (Ant -Post )
Theor ies of gr owt h
Sut ur al
Car t ilaginous
Funct ional mat r ix t heor y
Key f act or s in Nasomaxillar y r emodelling
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126. Rever sal line
•
•
•
Directions of growth
sequentially undergo
reversals
A reversal line showing
the crossover between
resorptive and
depository growth fields
seen in microscope
Factors affecting
reversal
shape of bone
muscle attachments
rotations
growthfeilds
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127. Post natal growth of maxilla
Sur f ace
r emodeling
apposition
resorptio
n
Displacement
CR
ANIAL B
ASE
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MAXILLA
Tr ans f or m
at i on
Tr ans l at
i on
SUTUR
ES
MOSS
128. Post natal growth of maxilla
Mechanism
•
•
•
•
•
of gr owt h
Sut ur al
Nasal sept um
Sur f ace apposit ion and r esor pt ion on
per iost eal and endost eal sur f aces
Alveolar pr ocess
Spheno occipit al synchondr osis
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129. •
I n cont r ast t o cr anial base maxilla is
dominat ed by intr membanou ossification
a r s
•
E ondr b gr thseen at t he et hmoid
ndoch al one ow
bone and nasal sept um
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133. Post natal growth
At Bi r t h
Hard palate : length = width
maxillary sinus :
radiographically
not visible
1 – 2 years
Extensive remodeling
descent of
palate /enlargement of nasal cavity
Mid palatine suture growth
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ceases
No synostosis
134. Post natal growth
THE MIXED DENTITION YEAR
S
Growth in width of the
dental arch anterior to the
f irst molar
Inter canine width
completed
Mid palatine suture
starts closing at 910 years
Ceases by 5- 6 yrs
12 yrs - f emales
18 yrs - males
RME Best done
bet ween 9-14 yr s
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135. Post natal growth
THE MIXED DENTITION YEAR
S
The deposit or y gr owt h pot ent ial of t he
t uber osit y allows f or ar ch expansion by
moving t he t eet h post er ior ly int o t he ar ea of
bone deposit ion
Ext ensive scope f or gr owt h modif icat ion
bef or e adolscent gr owt h spur t
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136. Post Natal Growth
THE EAR P MANENT DENTITION YEAR
LY ER
S
•Growth modif ication still
possible in boys
•R
ME can still be tried till 12 - 15
yrs
complete
•>15 years
closure[synostosis]
Orthognatic surgery
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137. Age changes
All
par a nasal sinuses incr ease in
size
Ver t ical height decr eases
Al v eol ar
pr oc es s
r es or bed
Ver t ical
Toot h
l os s
changes > AP > widt h
Sof t t issue changes > skelet al
Nose gr owt h cont inues t ill 25 year s
I nclinat ion of palat al plane
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incr eases[post downwar ds]
138. Ef f ect s of Dent it ion and Occlusion
•
Bimolar widt h in t he 1st molar r egion
cor r elat es
- Ver t ical gr owt h of maxilla
- Gr owt h in t he midpalat al sut ur e
- gr owt h in height
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139. Ef f ect s of Dent it ion and Occlusion
•
•
•
•
Maxilla dr if t s – 5mm f or war d in molar r egion
(by adolscence)
- 2.5mm in incisor r egion
Shor t ening of t he ar ch per imet er – associat ed
wit h er upt ion of 2 nd molar
I nit iat ion of er upt ion of 3 rd molar occur s af t er
t he gr eat est shor t ening of lengt h in t he
maxillar y dent al ar ch
Shor t ening of ant er ior segment – mesial dr if t of
t eet h – cr owding of ant segment – conver gence
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and nar r owing of t he bone base
140. Post natal growth of maxilla
Gr owt h
in height
ver t ical
Gr owt h
in widt h
t r ansver se
Gr owt h
in lengt h
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A -P
141. Ver t ical gr owt h
•
Bjork and Skieller implant
studies
- height increases because
of sutural growth toward
the frontal and zygomatic
bones
- appositional growth in the
alveolar bone, floor of
orbit, on hard palate and
resorption on nasal floor
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142. HEIGHT
ENLOW AND BANG ‘V’
PRINCIPLE
Deposition on the
oral side
R
esorption on the
nasal side
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143. V pr inciple of Bang and
Enlow
Remodeling of palat e
Entire ‘v’ shaped
structure moves
in a direction
towards the
wide end of the
‘v’
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144. H EIGHT
AP OSITION IN
P
THE ALVEOLAR
P OCESS
R
ER TION OF TEETH
UP
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147. WIDTH
Finished
WIDTH
ear lier in post nat al lif e
GROW I N M D
TH
I
PALATI NE SUTURE
REM
ODELI NG I N TH
E
LATERAL SURFACE OF
ALVEOLAR PROCESS
Mut ual t r ansver se r ot at ions of
maxillar y halves give palat e ‘u’
shape
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148. WIDTH
•
This gr owt h mimics t he gener al
gr owt h cur ve
•
Mut ual t r ansver se r ot at ion of t he
t wo maxillae r esult s in mor e
separ at ion of t he halves in t he
post er ior t han t he ant er ior segment
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149. LENGTH
Begins
r apidly in t he 2 nd year of lif e
Maxillary P
alato
primary secondary
tuberosity maxillary
suture
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displacement
150. LENGTH
Resor pt ion in t he ant er ior r egion of
t he maxilla
• Maxilla r ot at es in r elat ion t o t he
ant er ior cr anial base
• Bj or k and Skieller implant st udies
have shown t hat ant er ior sur f ace is
st able sagit t ally
•
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151. Timing
Alveolar pr ocess – er upt ion of t eet h
• Over all height – along wit h
- Ver t ical gr owt h of mandible
- Gener al body gr owt h cur ve
•
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152. Compensat or y mechanism
•
•
•
Nar r ow palat e – alveolar pr ocess
compensat es f or widt h and height
Deep bit e – Occ plane par allel t o
mandibular plane
Long ant er ior sur f ace – St eep occlusal
plane
Adapt ive nat ur e Class I molar r elat ion
t hough skelet ally r et r ognat hic
Or t hodont ic cor r ect ion t ot ally dependent
on t he adapt ive capacit y of alveolar
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pr ocess r emodelling
153. Theor ies of gr owt h
SUTURAL
CARTI
THEORY
LAGENOUS THEORY
FUNCTI
ONAL MATRI X HYPOTHESI S
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154. Sut ur al Theor y
Weinman & Sicher
Sutures have innate
growth potential
P
ush bones apart
Oblique in nature
Sliding ef f ect
R
esultant thrust in the
anterior and inf erior
direction
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155. Sut ur al Theor y
Shor t comings
- Bone t issue in not capable of gr owt h in a
f ield t hat r equir es level of compr ession
needed t o pr oduce a pushing t ype of
displacement
- Sut ur e is essent ially a ‘t ension’ adapt ed
t issue
- Sut ur es do not have inbuilt gr owt h
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pot ent ial
•
156. Car t ilagenous t heor y
Scot t
Nasal sept um – innat e gr owt h pot ent ial
Thur st ef f ect – sept omaxillar y ligament –
gr owt h in f ields of compr ession
Mor e of f or war d and downwar d f or ce t han
ver t ical
Bone enlar ges at t he sut ur es in r esponse t o t he
t ension cr eat ed by displacement
Sur gical r emoval ofwww.indiandentalacademy.com
Nasal sept um…
157. Removal of nasal sept um –mid f ace
def iciency
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158. Car t ilagenous t heor y
•
•
•
•
Shor t comings
Nasal sept um f unct ions t o suppor t t he r oof of
t he nasal chamber
Doesn’t displace t he palat e by it self
Reasons
Sour ce of maxillar y displacement is
mult if act or ial
Expt l st udies mer ely show t hat gr oet h pr ocess
f unct ions in it s absence r at her t han in it s
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pr esence
159. Funct ional mat r ix hypot hesis
Moss
FUNCTI ONAL M
ATRI X
SKELETAL UNI TS
B
asal body
Inf raorbital nerve
Orbital unit
Eyeball
Nasal unit
cartilage
Septal
Alveolar unit
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Teeth
160. Funct ional mat r ix hypot hesis
Height
R
emodelling
changes in the
orbit
Enlarging
orof acial
capsule
Sof t tissues
give control signals to genic tissues
response seen in the hard
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tissue
161. The Counterpart Analysis
Growth
of any given facial or cranial part
relates specifically to other structural and
geometric counterparts in the face and
cranium” – Enlow
As
the cranial flexure decreases, the maxilla
is translated or displaced forward and
downward to give a more protrusive
maxillary position. www.indiandentalacademy.com
162. The Nasomaxillar y Complex
Remodeling
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
The Lacr imal Sut ur e
The Maxillar y t uber osit y
Key r idge
Ver t ical dr if t of t eet h
Nasal air way
Palat al r emodelling
Downwar d maxillar y displacement
Maxillar y sut ur es
The Cheekbone and Zygomat ic Ar ch
The par anasal sinuses
Or bit al Gr owt h
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163. Lacr imal bone
•
•
•
•
•
Bounded by sut ur al connect ive t issue
Under goes r emodelling r ot at ion – medial
super ior par t r emains wit h t he nasal br idge, inf er ior par t moves out war dly wit h t he
et hmoidal sinuses
Pr ovides slippage of mult iple bones along sut ur al
int er f aces ‘ perilacrimal sutural system’
Maxilla slides downwar ds along it s or bit al
cont act s
Development al gr idlock would develop wit hout
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t his syst em
164. Maxillar y t uber osit y
Est ablished
by t he post er ior
boundar y of ant er ior cr anial f ossa
Helps in post er ior and hor izont al
lengt hening of ar ch
Anterior displacement= posterior lengthening
lateral widening
downward deposition
Contributes to
maxillary sinus
enlargement
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165. Key r idge
Ver t ical cr est below
t he malar
pr ot uber ence
‘muzzle’
Rever sal occur s at
t he key r idge
Post er ior apposit ion
Ant er ior r esor pt ion
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166. Vertical drift of teeth
Ver t ical dr if t – signif icant int r insic gr owt h
f act or
• pr ovides int r amembr anous bone
r emodelling
• Moves t he t oot h in it s socket – usually
called ext r usion
• mesial dr if t well known pr ocess – ‘Ver t ical
dr if t ’ not a par t of ever yday vocubular y
•
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167. Nasal air way
Lining surf ace of
bony wall and
f loor
R
esorptive
(except olf act or y f ossae)
Downwar d
r el oc at i on of
pal at e
Lateral and
anterior expansion
Downward cortical remodelling of entire
anterior cranial f loor & lateral and inf erior
depositions on ethmoidal conchae
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168. Nasal air way
Ethmoidal conchae
- lateral + inf erior
deposition
- medial + superior
resorption
Inter nasal septum
- lengthens
vertically at sutural
junctions
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169. Palat al r emodelling
V pr inciple
• Bone deposit ion on t he inside of t he
ar ch
• Gr owt h along t he mid palat al sut ur e
• Gr ows inf er ior ly exchange of old
palat e f or new har d and sof t t issues
occur s
•
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170. Downwar d maxillar y displacement
•
Pr imar y displacement of t he et hmomaxillar y
complex inf er ior ly
•
New bone is added at all sut ur es and t hese
sut ur es accompany displacement pr oduced
by t he sof t t issues
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171. Downwar d maxillar y
displacement
•
The balance of > or < gr owt h in post er ior and
ant er ior maxilla is due t o
clockwise/ count er clockwise r ot at or y
displacement caused by downwar d and f or war d
gr owt h of t he middle cr anial f ossa
•
Nasomaxillar y complex under goes
compensat or y r emodelling r ot at ion t o sust ain
it s posit ion r elat ive t o t he ver t ical r ef er ence
line and t o t he neut r al or bit al axis
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172. Maxillar y sut ur es
•
Sut ur es slide or slippage of bones along t he
int er f ace
•
Remodelling and r elinkage of t he collagenous
f iber connect ions wit hin t he sut ur al connect ive
t issue causes t he displacement pr ocess
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173. Cheek and zygomat ic bone
•
•
•
•
•
Post er ior side of malar pr ot uber ence wit hin t he
t empor al f ossa is deposit or y
Cheek bone r elocat es post er ior ly as it enlar ges
Post er ior r elocat ion slows af t er dent al ar ch
lengt h is achieved dur ing childhood
Zygomat ic ar ch moves lat er ally by r esor pt ion on
t he medial side
Zygoma and cheekbone complex ar e displaced
ant er ior ly and inf er ior ly in t he same dir ect ions
as t he maxilla
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174. Zygomat ic r egion
Post er ior r elocat ion
ant er io
r
post er ior
I ncr ease in height
I nf er io
r
bor
Lat er al gr owt hder
f r ont ozygomat
ic
displacement
Zygomat icot empor al [ ant er i
Fr ont ozygomat ic [ inf er ior ]
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175. Maxillar y sinus
Age
changes
Expands - 2mm
ver t ically
3mm A-P ever y year
> in size r esor pt ion in walls
+ alveolus
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176. Maxillar y sinus
P
OST NATAL
All internal
surf aces
resorption
[expect medial]
R
apid continuous
downward growth
close proximity to
buccal maxillary
teeth
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177. Or bit al gr owt h
•
•
•
•
•
•
Most of the lining roof and floor are depository
Lateral wall remodels by deposition and medial by
resorpition
i)Forward remodelling of the nasal and superior
orbital rim,
ii) backward remodelling of the inferior orbital rim and
the malar area
iii) downward remodelling of the premaxillary region
combine to produce rotation and alignment of the
midface and upper facial regions
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178. References
Contemporary
orthodontics - PROFFIT
Principles and practice of orthodontics GRABER
Essentials of facial growth - ENLOW
Craniofacial embryology - SPERBER
The developing human - MOORE and
PERSAUD
Oral histology and embryology TENCATE
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Handbook of orthodontics – MOYERS
179. References
Moyers
– 3rd edition
Dentistry for child and adolescent MAC DONALD
Clinical pedodontics - FINN
Color atlas of EmbryologyMOORE,PERSUAD
Hand Book of Facial Growth-ENLOW
Grays Anatomy – 38th Edition
Previous Seminars By - Dr.Chatura
Hegde, Dr Ravi Tej, Dr.Harshavardhan
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Kidiyoor and Dr Jaya Kothari.
180. Ability is what you’re capable of doing.
Motivation determines what you do.
Attitude determines how well you do it.
- Lou Holtz
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181. QUANTITATION OF MAXILLAR R
Y EMODELING
Sh donBau ind,E ar Kor
el
mr dw d n
A JA 1987
JO N
Unif or m displacement of all 3 pt s in ver t ical
dir ect ion [downwar d displacement –0.3mm/ year ]
Hor izont al dir ect ion post er ior displacement of all
3 pt s [ however the displacement of P
NS was
greater than ANS and pt A ]
THE INCR
EASE IN LENGTH IS P IMAR
R
ILY
B
ECAUSE OF GR
OWTH IN P
OSTER
IOR
B DER
OR
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