At present, Nano technology has been improved in many ways but it had improved a lot in the case of Nano Medicine.It also plays a major role in engineering basis. The application of nano technology in medicine is called as Nano medicine. This paper explains the detail regarding Nano medicine. Nano technology has many molecular properties and applications of biological nano structure. These have physical, chemical and biological properties. These are mainly used to diagonize diseases from our body. Nano technology has special application in Nano medicine using Nano robot. This paper relates the use of Nano robots in surgeries. thes Nano robots are not oly safebut also faster. The size of these nano robot is 1-100nm.These use to cure many problems.

1. IJSRD - International Journal for Scientific Research & Development| Vol. 2, Issue 07, 2014 | ISSN (online): 2321-0613
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A Review Paper on Latest Biomedical Applications Using Nano-
Technology
Y. Azain Abdul Kadhar1
S. Karthikeyan2
S.Gowtham3
S. Arvind Kumar4
A. Deepak5
1,2,3,4,5
Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering
1,2,3,4,5
Saveetha School of engineering, Saveetha University, Chennai, India
Abstract— At present, Nano technology has been improved
in many ways but it had improved a lot in the case of Nano
Medicine.It also plays a major role in engineering basis. The
application of nano technology in medicine is called as
Nano medicine. This paper explains the detail regarding
Nano medicine. Nano technology has many molecular
properties and applications of biological nano structure.
These have physical, chemical and biological properties.
These are mainly used to diagonize diseases from our body.
Nano technology has special application in Nano medicine
using Nano robot. This paper relates the use of Nano robots
in surgeries. thes Nano robots are not oly safebut also faster.
The size of these nano robot is 1-100nm.These use to cure
many problems.
Key ohgwords: ICU, DNA, AFM
I. INTRODUCTION
The nano devices are measured in the form of a micro scale
(i.e)about 1-100nm.The size of three micron is about the
maximum size for blood borne medical robots.The bulk
material of Nano robot will looks like diamond.many light
elements are used for Nanoscale gears and for other
purposes.The most difficult and higly functional Nanoscale
molecules which controls the biological systems.for
example proteins which has metabolic process and
molecular transport function.The volume of single molecule
is millionth and one billionth of the volume of an individual
cell.
II. NANOSCIENCE
The proteins which is attracting the attention is known as
Membrane proteins. the other protein molecules involves in
the physical process. The hormone receptors that behaves
the triggers and photo receptors that switches the difference
between steady of process that is based on vision and
photosynthesis. These have biological importance. They will
be target about 80% of all new drugs. Nano science is uses
for selectivity and gate mechanism of ion channels and their
response of drugs.
III. DRUG DELIVERY
The Nano technology has much potential in drug
delivery.The vehicle has functioned only to target the
particular diseased calls.These consists of both the
therapeutic agents which regulates disease.Different stages
of this have already approached but not yet processed.These
has eventual approval of techniques for pharmaceutical.The
material which is already use is polymer base(i.e) for drug
therapies,these includes polymer drugs,polymer miscelles
where the drug is covalently bounded and multi component
complex are involved.these are used for gene therapy.Here
the DNA has been packaged into a Nano meter uses for
treatment of genetic effects.
IV. DRUG DISCOVERY
Nano technology techniques offers to study the drug
receptor interactions using single molecule level,for
example using optical tweezers and AFM,but this is feasible
process.The discovery of this disease has long befor
physical symptoms are discovered in atomic forces of a
single receptor when a drug molecule attaches.The industrial
process require the development of large instruments
working in parallel to create a high efficiency.
V. MEDICAL IMAGING
The imaging techniques has have already exist in
medicine.These had exist over the past 25 years or so.The
current drive in developing techniques are improving a lot
now a days especially in the case of Nano medicine in Nano
technology.
VI. NANO TECHNOLOGY IN CANCER TRAEATMENT
The national nano technology initiative in USA has said that
nano technology plays a major role and produces good and
effective result in the cancer treatment.it has been stated that
by the year 2015,the initial occurances of the tumour cells
can be detected and treated and can eliminate death and
suffering because of cancer.We have never seen an evidence
that the nano technologies will eliminate cancer in a short
period of time.though we hope that nano technologies can
be used for the treatment of cancer other factor like public
health measure,advancement in radiological,surgical and
pharmacological are important to reduce the cause of death
from cancer.
VII. NANO TECHNOLOGY IN HEART BYPASS SURGERY
Heart bypass surgery is done for the person whose blood
vessels has been blocked .this surgery helps to improve the
flow of blood and oxygen to the heart.this can be done by
taking a part of the body and are connected around the
blocked part of the coronary artery blood vessel.The
surgery takes about 4-6 hours.after surgery the patient is
taken to the ICU (intensive care unit) and kept connected to
monitors and tubes for few days.
After the discharge from the hospital the patient may fed
some side effect like,
 Loss of appetite
 The area in which the blood vessel is removed gets
swelled
 They suffer from depression and without sleep
 Muscle pains

2. A Review Paper on Latest Biomedical Applications Using Nano-Technology
(IJSRD/Vol. 2/Issue 07/2014/142)
All rights reserved by www.ijsrd.com 626
 It may also lead to memory loss and other mental
defects
To solve these problems we go for the cconcept of
nanorobot.we use nanorobots to replace this heart bypass
surgery.the nanorobots are capable of removing the clot
alone without any surgery. Only small hole is made in the
artery to insert nanorobot,by the use of it’s nano components
attached to it ,it moves to the exact site.
VIII. PROPERTIES OF THIS NANOROBOT
Nanorobots has 2 surfaces interior and exterior.the exterior
part will have several chemical liquids,but the interior will
be a vaccum and is closed to present from the entry of any
foreign particles into it.nanorobot has an diamond passive
exterior which prevents the robot from the attach of immune
system.the exterior diamond structure must be
smooth,bioactive and also chemically inert. An electric
motor is attached to it for it’s movement inside the blood
vessels.the nanorobot contains camera,a rotating needle,
microprocessor switch and artery thermometer.the
microprocessor controls the overall prodess of the robot and
the switch is used to ON and OFF the robot at any time
when required.
IX. INTRODUCTION TO THIS NANOROBOT IN TO THE BODY
The nanorobot is sent into the body through an artery with
large diameter,so that it can move easily without any sort of
damage and can access most area of the body in a minimal
time.
X. MOVEMENT OF NANOROBOT IN THE BODY
Using circulatory system,the nanorobot moves all over the
body,it access to an site it must have an active propeller.to
access the nanorobot we use an electric motor.in order to
reduce the damage the motor is made of moulded blade.
XI. DRIVING OF NANOROBOT TO THE SITE OF PLAGUE
Sensors are used to differentiate into the disease affected
and the healthy tissues. Long range sensors are used for
radioactive type and short range sensors are used for arterial
thermometer.tv camera is used for monitoring the whole
process.a radioactive fluid is used to trace the movement
and position of the nanorobot in the body.A small amount of
radioactive substance is injected as part of the micro
robot.this would allow it’s position to be tracked all over the
body at all times.
XII. TREATMENT OF PLAGUE
After the nanorobot reaches its exact position, the sensor
differentiate the unhealthy and healthy cells. the nanorobot
will destroy the cells whose temperature exceeds more than
the temperature given to the robot.
XIII. SOURCE OF POWER FOR THE NANOROBOT
The nuclear power is carried onboard to supply required
amount of energy for the operation of the device. This
would be relatively easy to shield given the amount of fuel
involved, and it has other advantages as well. The same
radioactive material could be used for power and tracking,
since the casing must be hotter than body temperature to
produce power and there would be no worries about running
out of power, or insufficient power to get the job done. At
the micro scale, shielding and power conversion are
relatively easy, making this method extremely practical.
XIV. MEANS OF RECOVERY FROM THE BODY
After the nanorobot has removed the plaque, and its function
is over, it has to be removed from the body. This can be
made possible by guiding the nanorobot to anchor a blood
vessel that is easily accessible from outside, and perform a
small surgical operation is performed to remove it.
XV. INCASE OF ANY EMERGENCY
Incase of some unanticipated situations where we want to
switch off the nanorobot immediately, can be done by a
magnetic switch that has been provided in it. Once the
nanorobot has been inserted into the body, it starts
operational only when a bar magnet is moved over it. This
movement of magnet in one direction only makes the
magnetic switch in on condition, and the nanorobot becomes
active. So if anyhow in between the task of removing the
plaque, we encounter any problem where shutting off the
nanorobot is the only solution so we go for making the
magnetic switch off by moving the bar magnet again that
will terminate all the running functions of this nanomachine.
XVI. ASSUMPTIONS
(1) The nanorobot to be designed must be
biocompatible.
(2) The size of the nanorobot should not be more than
3 micron so as, not to block any capillary.
(3) The nanorobot should resist the corrosive
environment of the blood vessels.
(4) The nano particles that are attached to this
nanorobot should be held tightly and must be
durable.
XVII. CONCLUSION
It is mainly used in the case of engineering base .Once for
designing a nanorobot is completely it is used to diagnosis
arteries in the plaque of without any surgical procedure to
may be complex tedious.In the practical implementation of
this technique is a great achievement to history of mankind
and makes all happy.
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