It is a hypothetical concept on future city under water

1. KUMARAGURU COLLEGE OF
TECHNOLOGY-641049
DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING
U15CEP402-TECHNICAL SEMINAR
UNDERWATER CITY
BY,
AJITHA.J
15BCE009

2. WHERE WE LIVE AFTER 60+ YEAR

3. What is Underwater city?
 Construction of city under water is known as
underwater city.
 It is a future project on construction and life
under water.

4. Why Underwater Cities?
 The imbalance in the earth’s biosphere, fueled by climate
change
 Housing shortages, brought on by overpopulation
 Susceptibility to natural disasters like earthquakes, volcanic
eruptions, hurricanes, and floods
 The lack of clean, sustainable energy sources
 Food and water scarcity, once again the result of overpopulation
and depleting resources

5. Merits
 Housing shortage is reduced
 Susceptibility to natural disasters like earthquakes, volcanic eruptions,
hurricanes, and floods
 The lack of clean, sustainable energy sources
 Solution for food and water scarcity
Demerits
 Suitable to Certain Locations
 Costly

6. SEASCRAPER
 It would generate its own energy through wave, wind, current, solar, etc. and
produce its own food through farming, aquaculture, hydroponics, etc.
 It will consist of homes, commercial space, recreation areas, and flexible
photovoltaic skin produce all of the energy necessary to support these functions.
 Turbines will reach to depths ranging from 800 - 1200ft and harvest ocean currents.
The concave shape of the sea scraper not only allows light to penetrate to the lower
levels, but collects and processes rainwater
 It carries with its own small forest on top its back and supports places for users to
live and works
 bioluminescent tentacles provide sea fauna a place to live and congregate while
collecting energy through its kinetic movements
 serve as balancing elements as they, in generating their power, are constantly
moving with the rhythm of the tide

7. Contd……
 The main components of hO2+ scraper consist of resource
generation (i.e. power, food, air etc.), living, work, play, waste
treatment and maintenance.
 Living Areas are placed just below sea level where the natural
light is the best etc.
 Filter Sea water into freshwater and grow their own food
 Wind Generators are placed of the roof garden island
 Tentacles also serve as balancing elements
 Generating Their Power, are constantly moving with the rhythm
of the tide.

9. Underwater Ocean City for a Future
Australia- Syph
 ‘Ocean City’ concept by Arup Biomimetics. Dubbed Syph, the
proposed underwater city, evolves into a collection of organisms with
specialized functions like energy generation
 Syph offers a way of life underwater.
 Designers were asked to think beyond our current situation and
imagine what life could be like, given the context of global climate
change, strains on natural resources, and evolving mentalities

10. After 50year
Australia
Future Australia

11. Japan's Ocean Spiral
 Ocean Spirals dotted over the ocean that could survive extreme weather events
like earthquakes, which are fairly common in Japan.
 micro organisms called 'methanogens' could be used to convert carbon dioxide
captured at the surface into methane
 Each Ocean Spiral would cost about $25 billion and, if construction begins
soon, the first could apparently be built by 2030
 Each globe would be 1,600 feet (500 metres) in diameter and would have on
board hotels, residential areas and commercial spaces
 The spirals would extend about 1.8 to 2.5 (3 or 4km) to the ocean floor. At the
bottom could be a research station that would be used to produce power, in
addition to mining the seabed
 wide difference in water temperatures and pressures between the top and
bottom of the ocean, meanwhile, could be used to generate power
 capable of providing homes and accommodation for 5,000 people

12. The Ocean Spiral base camp
 Blue Garden is a sphere measuring 500m in diameter
 This city is even safer and more comfortable than the land-based
ones we all know.
 A comfortable city with minimal temperature changes
 A safe city unaffected by typhoons or earthquakes
 A healthy city with higher concentrations of oxygen than on the
ground
The Blue Garden’s atriumThe Blue Garden’s grand entrance

13. New Lifestyle
 In the Casual Zone facing the deep sea, people can experience and enjoy the deep
sea, while learning about and discussing its unique qualities
 Deepsea sightseeing tours
Hands-on education on the deep sea
Deep sea high-concentration oxygen therapy
 Comfortable and safe places to live and work
New Business Models
 The Business Zone of the central tower
incubates business models for new deep sea industries.
 Deep sea resource industries
 Deep sea energy industries
 Deep sea tourism industries
 Advanced deep sea research facilities

14. INFRA SPIRAL
Integrating the functions required because of the deep sea
 Electricity: Power generation based on ocean thermal energy conversion
 Food: Aquaculture using deep sea water
 Fresh water: Desalination using water pressure
 Transportation: Port (supply base) for deep sea submersible probes
 Information: Deep sea monitoring facility
Earth factory
 CO2: Storage and reuse of industrial carbon dioxide emissions
 Resources: Development and cultivation of deep sea resources

15. Structural Design
 Strength :
Using a spherical shape to withstand water pressure
 Concrete :
High-strength resin concrete
 Reinforcement bars :
Rustproof resin bars
 Environmental considerations :
Use of materials recycled from PET beverage containers in the resin concrete
Spherical concrete lattice shell
of 500m in diameter
Using an internal tower to
reinforce the sphere’s shell

16. Indoor Environment Design
 Natural convection :
Using temperature differential between the sea water and air to ensure
the natural convection with comfortable and cool air
 Dehumidification :
Using the cooling source of deep sea water to ensure comfortable
dehumidified air conditioning
 Air conditioning :
Reusing chilled water after dehumidification to ensure comfortable
radiant air conditioning
 Thermal insulation :
A comfortable environment due to the insulation effects of
acrylic plates (3m thick)

17. Operation and Maintenance Plans
Control of vertical movement: Super ballast balls filled with sand
Wave control:
Floating seawall
Control of everyday vibrations:
Vibration-damping equipment

18. Sub Biosphere 2: designs for a self-sustainable
underwater world
 created’ by Phil Pauley
 It includes eight ‘biomes’ arranged around a central 120m-tall support biosphere.
The structure would be a total of 340 metres wide, and half of its living space would
be below water even when the structure is above the surface.
 allow for life-support systems including air, electricity, food and water generation,
controlled by a clever use of atmospheric pressure.
 SBS2 would be able to move vertically above and below water, which would be
handy during intense storms.
 The Sub-Biosphere 2 (SBS2) will have a central supporting biome powering and
controlling eight interactive living biomes – each representing a different eco
system.
 According to Pauley, all life-support systems for air, water, food, electricity, and
other resources will be sustained by the innovative control of variant atmospheric
pressures that occur at depth. The SBS2 will also act as a seed bank supporting the
human, animal and plant life in the biomes.

19.  The SBS2 will be able to float or submerge and as it dives, the
pressure at depth against the forces of air would act like a heart
and lungs, sustaining the life within the biomes. The central
support biome will monitor the life systems from within its own
operations facility.

20. The Gyre: A Floating Upside Down Eco
Skyscraper
 The 212,000 square meters structure consists of layering of concentric
rings of different sizes, ranging from 30,000 square meters down to 600
square meters.
 It is worth mentioning that the Gyre will harness wave, wind and
solarenergy.
 It will make use of a series of vertical axis wind turbines, windows
featuring glass printed array of solar cells and underwater nacelles that
will play two roles, that of thrusters for propulsion and tidalgenerators.
 The Gyre will also harness freshwater. It will feature mechanical
systems along with emergency basins with freshwater.

21.  The Gyre is essentially an inverted underwater skyscraper, diving down to a
depth of 400 m (1,312 ft.) and would be about the same height as the Empire
State Building
 Four arms extend from the center spire (1.25 km in diameter) and act to buoy
the structure as well as create a safe inner harbor and port large enough to
accommodate the world’s most titanic ships.
 Powered completely by renewable energy, the Gyre is an off-grid, zero
emissions development.
 Vertical wind turbines would be mounted on the top of the radial arms,
collecting wind off the ocean.
 Semi-transparent solar windows would be used as glazing on the entire
structure and then
solar panels would be used as shading on the pedestrian walkways up on top.
 Underwater turbines would generate power from water currents when
anchored,
and then they would act as thrusters for propulsion for when the Gyre was in
motion.
 rainwater would be harvested in the central vortex and collected into storage
tanks at the bottom of the spire.

22. Lady Landfill
 The Lady Landfill was designed by three Serbian architects, Milorad
Vidojevic, Jelena Pucarevic and Milica Pihler for the eVolo 2011
Skyscraper Competition.
 The giant skyscraper is a multipurpose structure which collect and
recycle the waste of the Great Pacific Garbage Patch into an
energy source and provide residential and commercial space.
 Once enough garbage has been collected, the mass of plastic is
transported to the centre of the structure, where it is processed and
recycled to create fuel.
 According to the designers, this process would provide enough energy
to power the entirety of the structure, resulting in a self-sustaining
garbage cleaning device
 The upper levels of the tower support grow zones, where plant life can
suck up carbon and provide nests for birds.

23. Contd………
 The underwater skyscraper was inspired by the Eiffel Tower and flipped
upside down in the water.
 The lower portion of the tower collects and stores plastic waste until it can be
recycled in the middle section of the tower.
 Ballasts take in or release water to control the buoyancy of the tower
depending on how much waste has been collected.
 Recycled trash is processed to create fuel for use to run the facility or
elsewhere. The waste will be heated in the recycling chamber and converted
into a gas that will be stored in massive battery like structures.
 Additionally, the highest levels would contain the control centre and the
housing for the human labourers aboard the vessel.
 This section includes an automatic ballast system that sucks in or expels
water to ensure that the vessel remains balanced.

24. Underwater Kite Turbines Harvest Energy
From Ocean Waves
 Underwater kite spans 8-14 meters and features a turbine
attached to its underbelly
 Each kit is tethered to the sea floor and it can “fly” with the
tidal stream in a figure-8 motion.
 Blades are turned by the movement of passing tides. But the
swooping motion of the kites amplify the speed of the water
flowing through the turbine 10 fold – similar to the way sail
boats gather speed by cutting across the wind.
 Furthermore, the kite has neutral buoyancy, so doesn’t sink
as the tide turns, and the turbine mouth is protected to keep
fish from flying through.

25. Wave Energy
Wave power is the transport of energy by wind waves, and the capture
of that energy to do useful work – for example, electricity generation,
water desalination, or the pumping of water (into reservoirs)
Advantages
 Renewable
 Environment Friendly
 Abundant and Widely
Available
 Variety of Ways To Harness
 Easily Predictable
 No Damage to Land
Disadvantages
 Suitable to Certain
Locations
 Effect on marine
Ecosystem
 Weak Performance in
Rough Weather
 Noise and Visual
pollution

26. Conclusion
 An increasing world population means more strain on resources,
and requires increasingly innovative solutions
 In the finality, we envision a future where land as a resource will
be scarce; it is only natural progression that we create our own.
 Approximately 71% of the Earth’s surface is ocean, even more if
climate change has its way, hence it is only natural progression that
we will populate the seas someday
 underwater city designed to house several thousand residents and
sustain itself on eco-friendly energy
 Many countries have proposed ideas for the underwater city, which
will come into practise in future

27. References
 http://www.collective-evolution.com/2014/11/25/plans-for-future-underwater-cities-in-japan-by-2030/
 http://www.dailymail.co.uk/sciencetech/article-3446968/A-peek-future-underwater-cities-super-
skyscrapers-3D-printed-homes-reality-100-years.html
 http://www.bbc.com/future/story/20130930-can-we-build-underwater-cities
 http://www.telegraph.co.uk/finance/newsbysector/constructionandproperty/12157503/Humans-will-
live-underwater-in-100-years-time-as-the-population-is-squeezed-out-of-cities.html
 http://www.foxnews.com/travel/2016/02/09/huge-oceanscrapers-will-mean-can-live-underwater.html
 http://www.iflscience.com/technology/plans-futuristic-atlantis-style-underwater-city-unveiled/
 https://www.fastcompany.com/3040294/look-at-the-crazy-designs-for-the-worlds-first-underwater-city
 http://www.mirror.co.uk/tech/what-life-look-like-100-7372438
 http://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/asia/the-designs-for-the-worlds-first-underwater-city-are-
pretty-jaw-dropping-9979261.html
 http://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/asia/the-designs-for-the-worlds-first-underwater-city-are-
pretty-jaw-dropping-9979261.html
 http://www.nydailynews.com/news/national/5-incredible-concept-designs-future-cities-article-
1.2069312
 http://www.realclearlife.com/architecture/architect-reveals-plans-for-worlds-first-underwater-
skyscraper/
 https://in.pinterest.com/explore/underwater-city/?lp=true