just only the basic phenomena behind the spectroscopy, and its types

1. Duration: 60 min Grade: 11 CCSS, NGSS
Spectroscopy
Course: Advanced Magnetic Chracterization
Techniques

2. • Introduction
• Explanation
• Applications
Spectroscopy
Atomic Emission
Specrtroscopy
Contents :
Types; spark ,Flames ,ICPS, G.C, Chromatography.
opy

3. Spectroscopy
• Spectroscopy was defined as the study of the interaction between radiation and
matter as a function of wavelength.
• Now, spectroscopy is defined as any measurement of a quantity as a function of
wavelength or frequency.

4. Spectroscopy-Explanation
• Spectroscopy is the study of the absorption and emission of light and other
radiation by matter. It involves the splitting of light (or more precisely
electromagnetic radiation) into its constituent wavelengths (a spectrum), which is
done in much the same way as a prism splits light into a rainbow of colours.

5. Principles of Spectroscopy
Interaction of radiation and matter.
If matter is exposed to electromagnetic radiation, e.g. infrared light, the radiation can
be absorbed, transmitted,reflected, scattered or undergo photoluminescence.

6. What is Spectroscopy Used For?
Spectroscopy is used
• to detect
• to determine
• to quantify
The molecular and/or structural composition of a sample.

7. Spectroscopy Applications
• Determining the atomic structure of a sample
• Determining the metabolic structure of a muscle
• Monitoring dissolved oxygen content in freshwater and marine ecosystems
• Studying spectral emission lines of distant galaxies
• Altering the structure of drugs to improve effectiveness
• Characterization of proteins
• Space exploration
• Respiratory gas analysis in hospitals

8. Spectrometer Components
• Light Sources
• Non-dispersive Elements
• Dispersive elements - Prisms/Diffraction Gratings
• Fiber Optic Cables and Spectrometry
• Spectral Resolution

9. Types of spectroscopy
Some of the different types of spectroscopy include
• X-ray spectroscopy
• Flame spectroscopy
• Atomic emission spectroscopy (AE)
• Atomic absorption spectroscopy (AA)
• Spark emission spectroscopy
• Visible and ultraviolet (UV) spectroscopy
• Infared (IR) and near infared (NIR) spectroscopy
• Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR).
• Raman spectroscopy

10. Have you ever observe atomic emission?

13. Atomic Emission Spectroscopy
• In Emission spectrocopy , Atoms and molecules that are excited to high energy
level can decay to lower energy level by emiitting radiations.
• The substance first absorb energy and then emits energy in the form of light.
• Emission can be induced by source of energy such as flame or electromagnetic
radiation.

14. Atomic Emission Spectroscopy-Principle

15. Atomic Emission Spectroscopy-Principle

16. Atomic Emission Spectroscopy-Principle

17. Atomic Emission Spectroscopy

18. Atomic Emission Spectroscopy

19. Atomic Emission Spectroscopy

20. Atomic Emission Spectra

21. Atomic Emission Spectroscopy-Conclusion:
• Atomic emission spectroscopy (AES or OES) uses quantitative measurement of the
optical emission from excited atoms to determine analyte concentration.
• The high-temperature atomization sources provide sufficient energy to promote
the atoms into high energy levels.

22. Spark Emission Spectroscopy- Introduction:
When we use arc or spark as a source to provide energy to the atoms in
Atomic emission spectroscopy is called Spark Emission Spectrocopy.

23. Spark Emission Spectroscopy- Process:
Applying electrical energy in the form of spark generated between an
electrode and a metal sample, whereby the vaporized atoms are brought to
a high energy state within a so-called "discharge plasma".

24. Spark Emission Spectroscopy- Process:
These excited atoms and ions in the discharge plasma create a unique
emission spectrum specific to each element, as shown at right. Thus, a
single element generates numerous characteristic emission spectral lines.

25. Spark Emission Spectroscopy- Process:
Therefore, the light generated by the discharge can be said to be a
collection of the spectral lines generated by the elements in the sample.
This light is split by a diffraction grating to extract the emission spectrum for
the target elements. The intensity of each emission spectrum depends on
the concentration of the element in the
sample. Detectors (photomultiplier
tubes) measure the presence or absence
or presence of the spectrum extracted
for each element and the intensity of the
spectrum to perform qualitative and
quantitative analysis of the elements.

26. Spark Emission Spectroscopy- Process:
An electric arc or spark is passed through the sample, heating it to a high
temperature to excite the atoms within it. The excited analyte atoms emit
light at characteristic wavelengths that can be dispersed with a
monochromator and detected.

27. Spark Emission Spectroscopy-
nebulizer
lens
monochromatore
slit
pmt
detector

28. Spark Emission Spectroscopy-steps
• Make a liquid solution of a sample (mix with solvent)
disolvation- sepearte solvent and atoms from sample
vaporization- sample into gasous form
atomization change in to atoms
excitation- emit radiations
• Emited raditations pass through lens (use mirror for relection of emitted
radiations)
• monochromator (split radiations into different colors)
• slit
• PMT (multiple the photons)
• Detector

29. Advantages of Spark Emission Spectroscopy:
• Repoducible
• Less material is consumed
• Heating effect is less which is usefull for Nlyaia of low melting point
materials

30. THANK
YOU

31. REFERENCES
1. https://www.atascientific.com.au/spectrometry/
2. https://www.su.se/polopoly_fs/1.521101.1602178917!/menu/standard/file/Introduction%20to
%20Spectroscopy.pdf
3. http://web.mit.edu/5.33/www/lec/spec1.pdf

32. Any questions?
You can find me at:
● hamzaahmed0696@gmail.com
• https://www.researchgate.net/profile/
Hamza-Suharwardi-2
Hamza Suharwardi
Researcher
Slow and steady win the race.