XML Signature Essay: Authentication in Mobile Cloud Computing

XML Signature Essay
1.1.XML Signature
Due to increased distribution of XML in cloud computing, the demand for strong and active safety mechanism on XML signature enlarged as well.
A dangerous possible risk for cloud computing security is the XML signature. XML Signature is a method, which is used to deliver consistency,
integrity and message confirmation, for various types of data. An XML signature would describe a sequence of XML elements that could be inserted
in, or otherwise link with, any XML file. It would allow the receiver to confirm that the message has not been altered from what the sender planned.
XML signature used remote key and free key to mark a message and authenticate the file, respectively. When fleeting the message, signature will be...
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The hacker then uses your FTP code word to access your website and add malicious iframe coding to infect other visitors who browse your website.
We want to install a Hypervisor in the provider's end. This Hypervisor will be considered the most secure and sophisticated part of the cloud system
whose security cannot be breached by any means. Another way is to store a hash value on the new service case's image file. By performing an integrity
check between the original and new service instance's images, malicious instances can be identified.
1.3 Metadata Spooп¬Ѓng Attack
In this type of attack, an opponent alters or changes the service's Web Services Description Language file where explanations about service examples
are stored. If the opponent succeeds to interrupt service request code from WSDL file at distributing time, then this attack can be possible. Since
Metadata documents are distributed using communication procedures like HTTP or e–mail they are expected to open the options of spooп¬Ѓng
attacks. It is likely for attackers to maliciously modify the content of the WSDL п¬Ѓle and allocate them across all the Web service clients. This has
serious costs and security effects.
To overcome such an attack, information about services and applications should be kept in encrypted form. Strong authentication (and authorization)
should be enforced for accessing such critical in– formation.
1.4 Cross Site Scripting (XSS) Attack
Cross site scripting (XSS) is a

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Terminal Data Capability Emv
Terminal Data Capability
[What is it?]
– Generally, It is a data element that stores information particularly on terminal that can be individually addressed by tag ID.
Data element resident in the terminal shall be under control of one of the following parties:
Terminal manufacturer: For example, IFD Serial Number
Acquirer/Agent: For example, Merchant Category Code
Merchant: For example, Local Date and Local Time (these may be controlled by either merchant or acquirer)
Terminal should be constructed in such a way that data which is under control of acquirer is only initialised and updated by the acquirer (or its agent).
[Types]
1. Application Independent[1] Data:
Terminal ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
|
| | |SDA failed |If SDA is performed but unsuccessful. |
| | |Offline Data Authentication was not performed |If neither SDA nor DDA nor CDA is performed. |
| | |RFU | |
| | | |Reserved for future use |
|2 | | | |

Annotated Bibliography On Mobile Cloud Computing
A
REPORT ON
"AUTHENTICATION IN MOBILE CLOUD COMPUTING"
By
SIVA SANTOSH VARMA ALLURI
K00351411
JULY 2015
CSEN 5303–002 MOBILE CLOUD COMPUTING
SUMMER–I 2015
TABLE OF CONTENTS
1.0 Introduction
2.0 Authentication Levels
2.1 Cloud Computing Providers
2.2 Third Party
3.0Existing Authentication Services
3.1 Kerberos
3.2 OpenID
3.3 OAuth
3.4 MDA: A Secure Authentication Scheme
4.0Authentication Using Finger Print Recognition In Mobile Clouds
5.0Authentication In GPS Directed Mobile Clouds
6.0Product Authentication Using QR Codes
6.1 Quick Response Code
6.2 Authentication Performance
6.3 Security Mechanism

6.4 Implementation Data Flow
7.0Cloudlets Authentication In NFC Based Mobile Computing
8.0Authentication Using Profiling In Mobile Cloud Computing
8.1 Structure Of User Profile
9.0Conclusion
References
1.0 INTRODUCTION
The blend of cloud computing and mobile computing presents mobile cloud computing, which likewise show new issues of security dangers, for
example, unapproved access to resources in mobile cloud. Shielding portable distributed computing from illegitimate access turns into an imperative
concern to mobile clients. Definition of Cloud computing cloud computing is a sort of on–interest registering strategy that lets clients use IT assets, for
example, system, server, stockpiling, administration, application, so on through Internet when requiring them instead of owning them. Distributed
computing can be considered as a whole of SaaS

Cryptography Vs. Modern Cryptography Essay
Introduction
Cryptography is the practice and study of techniques for secure communication in the presence of third parties called adversaries. More generally,
cryptography is about constructing and analyzing protocols that prevent third parties or the public from reading private messages; various aspects in
information security such as data confidentiality, data integrity, authentication, and non–repudiation are central to modern cryptography. Modern
cryptography exists at the intersection of the disciplines of mathematics, computer science, and electrical engineering. Applications of cryptography
include ATM cards, computer passwords, and electronic commerce.
Main Concept of Cryptography
Cryptography is the science of writing in secret code and is an ancient art; the first documented use of cryptography in writing dates back to circa 1900
B.C. when an Egyptian scribe used non–standard hieroglyphs in an inscription. Some experts argue that cryptography appeared spontaneously
sometime after writing was invented, with applications ranging from diplomatic missives to war–time battle plans. It is no surprise, then, that new
forms of cryptography came soon after the widespread development of computer communications. In data and telecommunications, cryptography is
necessary when communicating over any un–trusted medium, which includes just about any network, particularly the Internet.
Within the context of any application–to–application communication, there are some specific

Identifying Voice And Sms Api Providers For Two Factor...
A guide to evaluating voice and SMS API providers for two–factor authentication solutions Introduction
Today, users of online services are very familiar with the process of typing in a username and password, to securely access their accounts. Passwords
however, are no longer considered very safe, as they can be easily stolen, sniffed, guessed, or obtained through methods such as phishing and malware
attacks. Even strong and complicated passwords are susceptible to theft and therefore not the best line of defense against hackers. That's why online
service providers including banks, social media websites, e–commerce portals, and email providers, among others, all understand the need to protect the
confidential data of their customers ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
When building a two–factor authentication solution, you will need to integrate with a reliable voice API and SMS API provider, to easily manage the
sending of one–time passwords using text messages or voice calls. This whitepaper will: Provide details on how two–factor authentication works.
Highlight and explain the 'must–have' features in a robust two–factor authentication solution.
Help you evaluate the right SMS and Voice API provider to partner with, by explaining the important factors that should influence your decision.
How two–factor authentication works
The two–step verification process in 2FA, often uses a combination of two of the following three identification factors: 1. The Knowledge Factor:
This is something that only the user knows. It could be a password, a PIN, or an unlock pattern that the user must enter, before accessing an account.
Using this factor of identification alone is not very secure. 2. The Possession Factor:
This is something that the user has, such as a device that can receive or generate a unique one–time password (OTP) or randomized code that should be
entered when prompted. The device could be a mobile phone that receives an OTP via an SMS or voice call, or it could be a physical hardware device
such as a key fob that generates the code. An authenticator software could also be installed on a device – this is a specialized application that many
services now support. It has

Types of Attacks in Comnputer Security
This paper is presenting types of attacks in security of TCP/IP protocol and also defense to security problems. Flaws in such system are due to
attackers' access over machine and due to insecurity of machine. Paper proposed solutions to the problems and discuss problems without considering
their implementation.
Attack like "TCP sequence number prediction" where spoofing is allowed on host on a local network. A variant in TCP sequence number attack
exploits the netstat service where the intruder impersonates a host that is down. If netstat is on the target host it supplies the necessary sequence
number information on another port. Defense to this is by randomizing the increment, good logging and alerting mechanisms.
"The joy of routing" This is the simple attack that basically depend on routing protocols that has been used. It is further categorized in different
attacks that can be "Source Routing" In which target host reverses source route in a TCP for traffic that is returning. So facilities can be exchanged
between host and attacker. The idea to protect from attacks is to put gateways into the local net for rejection of external packets that acting as part of
the local net or to do rejection of pre–authorized connections. Another attack is "The Routing Information Protocol (RIP)" attack is mostly used on
local networks like broadcast media. As information here sent is not checked so intruder can change or send modified information due to which
protocols that depends on

Sql Injection Attack And Its Effects On The Security Threats
With the advent of Internet, web applications have become a day to day feature in our lives. Also with the constant usage of online services increasing
every day, there has been an equally growing concern regarding the security threats in web applications. One of the most common attacks exploiting the
vulnerabilities of various types of applications along with web applications is through the Structured Query Language Injection Attack also known as
SQL Injection Attack. Based on a recent study by OWASP, SQL injection attack has the highest rank in revealing web based vulnerabilities. One of the
major motivation for the attacker to perform SQL injection attack is for retrieving all the contents from the database without any authorization or
permission. It is a code injection technique where an attacker inserts a malicious query in the original legitimate SQL query. After the execution of the
query, the attacker has the access to the database and can obtain, change, and update data for which he/she does not have any permission.
In this paper we introduce and expound the SQL Injection attacks. Additionally, we present and discuss two SQL injection detection and prevention
techniques in detail. First of which is utilizing query tokenization for tackling against SQL Injection (SQLI) attacks. The second one is a hidden web
crawler technique which is an innovative process for discovering SQLI attacks.
2. Introduction
SQL injection attack is one of the most common type of attack

What Makes A Brand Products Sell Very Quickly?
HauteLook is a members–only site using flash sales for some products. HauteLook offers discounts of 50 to 75 percent off to its members and
membership is free and open to everyone. Customers have to decide to buy the products in limited to one day, or even less. If customers hesitant about
to buy products, what you put in shopping bag will be canceled. Flash sales create buy it or lost the opportunity, consumers shopping in such an
environment must be clear–cut and causing panic buying. The manufacturers deliberately use flash sales and consumers are easily to fear that they
cannot buy the products. Some good products will be sold out in just a few hours or even a few minutes. It is easy to miss the opportunity because
the famous brand products sell very quickly. HauteLook is headquartered in Los Angeles, California by Adam Bernhard. In 2007, he launched
HauteLook with four employees. "The company works with major labels to offer goods that appeal to California casual customer base" (Chang,
2011). Nordstrom acquires HauteLook for $180 million in 2011and "this is the first time that a traditional retailer has acquired a company specializing
in online private sales" (Lattman & Clifford, 2011). In 2014, HauteLook launched nordstromrack.com, an e–commerce site that gives customers access
to shop Nordstrom Rack merchandise and the opportunity to participate in flash sales (Mayer, 2014). According to Statista (2016), the
Nordstrom–owned flash sale website generated a total

Evaluation Of A Central Security Management System Essay
4.1.3ENDPOINT ATTACK RESPONSE
When an endpoint is attacked, it should defend itself, report the attack and reconfigure itself to thwart the attack based on policy. The responsible
security management should provide the policy to the secure agent in the endpoint in response to the attack, or a priori for use when communication
with the server is severed.
4.1.4REMOTE POLICY MANAGEMENT
A central security management system defines the configuration of the security controls and functions as a form of a security policy for each endpoint.
The security policy is communicated to the secure agent that authenticates and enforces the policy at the endpoint. Policies can be modified and
updated to the security agent on–demand to address new vulnerabilities or changing concerns in response to changing circumstances.
4.1.5LOGGING AND EVENT MONITORING
The security agent must be able to monitor and record events as they occur at the endpoint including events pertinent to security violation, user login
/logout, data access, configuration update, application execution and communication.
4.1.6APPLICATION WHITELISTING
Mechanisms should be in place at the endpoint to ensure that only known and authorized application code (whitelist) including binaries, scripts,
libraries are allowed to execute on the endpoint to prevent the endpoint from being compromised by malicious code. All other execution attempts
should be halted, logged and reported. The security management system may update the

A Novel Tree Based Method For Data Hiding And Authentication
A Novel Tree Based Method for Data Hiding and Authentication in Medical Images Sreejith.R Dr.S.Senthil Research Scholer Associate Professor Reva
University Reva University Bangalore Bangalore. r_sreejith@hotmail.com senthil.s@reva.edu.in Abstract – Telemedicine focus on use of information
and communication technologies in the situation when health care center and the patient are remotely located. That means that health care services are
provided remotely over the distance. There are several telemedicine services which include transmission of information about patient's health through
text, sound, images and other data forms for the diagnosis treatment, prevention and follow up of the patient's health status. The role of telemedicine
services contributes a lot in health improvement and its application should be considered favorably valuable. However, it is so much necessary to be
aware that the utilization of different telemedicine solutions includes processing of patient's data and transferover open network. Thus, this issue
should be considered from the perspective of data protection. Medical images which are stored in health information systems, cloud platform or other
systems seeks attention. Privacy and security of such images

Locking Control And Anti Theft Essay
SECURE AUTOMATIVE LOCKING CONTROL AND ANTI THEFT USING GPS & BLUETOOTH
Abstract: At present there is no innovative solution to unlock car doors and to provide car Anti–theft mechanism. We tried here to implement car door
unlocking using Bluetooth technology and anti–theft system using GSM technology. This paper strives to achieve an efficient and inexpensive
solution for scenarios like we may forget our car keys inside the car in which it was equipped with central locking system. This central locking system
after certain period of time (which is pre–configured) the car doors will be automatically locked leaving keys inside the car. Whenever a car has been
theft we register a complaint against it, though we know we can't find the car immediately. Our paper comprises of trending technologies such as
android, blue tooth and GSM. We have developed a personal android application using with which the system is controlled. We implemented three level
authentication mechanism in which only car owner can operate the system with his mobile. We came out with a solution for the above two mentioned
problems.
Keywords: Arduino Uno, HC–05 Bluetooth Module, MAC Authentication, Android, GPSystem.
Key Words:(12Bold)
Introduction:(12Bold)
Materials:
Method:
Related Work
The paper shows the function of controlling car doors using mobile Bluetooth Technology. This technology will help the user to access his/her car with
an ease. The function was executed and implemented by using

The Surveillance Of Cctv Cameras
Over the years, banks have housed several of their branches in large buildings, sharing their space with other occupants. Although security is a key
factor in consideration of the location of a bank, smart individuals use this positioning to their advantage. Access is gained by cutting a hole in the
floor, and theft occurs. With the passing years, security in banks has been evident with the reliance of CCTV cameras. This ensures monitoring of the
users activities in banks by security officers who take turns in watching the screens for any uneventful, unexpected happenings. The CCTV cameras
are placed strategically in every corner to ensure each detail of the activities taking place is recorded. The ATMs are also monitored in anticipation...
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This made the people hesitate to invest any significant amount of money at the time. The idea slowly began to catch on after easing into E–commerce.
Major and minor banks are trying to enhance the security of their firms using different methods. The security system of some banks requires highly
trained, capable individuals who can protect progression of activities in their allocated areas, be it inside the bank, at ATM portals and in monitoring
CCTV cameras.
Use of laser beams that generate intense beams of coherent monochromatic light through simulated emission of photons has been used as a security
measure. They are used either as sensors to trigger alarms or as penetrative destructive beams in highly confiscated areas, which allow limited or no
access at all. Online banking security measures are kept to plan by the banks allowing software developers to create antivirus software and sell the
software to them. Users are required to download this antivirus for themselves without necessarily consulting the bank's security operators. Recent
trends have shown the use of biometric analysis in the form of hand writing recognition, hand finger, and geometry (Taylor, 2013).
Unlike the current system, the working of this system will provide accurate data storage, since any transaction is recorded on the device and can be
easily traced. The system will also create more client confidentiality since any unauthorized individual cannot access the data stored in the system. This

A Brief Note On Peer Communication And The Client Server...
Data Networking
Assignment No: 2
Ans 1.Peer to peer communication provides reliable connection, all the resources are available with its users, inexpensive and is more robust as
compared to the client–server model which is why most applications use this type of communication. However, certain applications instant messaging,
e–mailing and video calling prefer client–server model to perform certain functions for the reasons that follows:
пЃ¶Client–server model is centralized which means all the files that are stored in the same place and can be easily administered.
пЃ¶The servers can be accessed remotely making its accessibility easier
пЃ¶The peers don't need any storage space as the server keeps all the resources and information like peer to ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
пЃ¶If about ten computers are connected at a time, then the quality of the communication deteriorates.
пЃ¶Back–up and recovery of every workstation connected in the system makes it tedious.
пЃ¶Full–time system administrator is required.
Ans 2.No, the immediate response will not be sent to the new IP address. When a user access www.google .com the DNS resolvers through which the
website is accessed will cache the information like the IP address for a particular TTL time which could be few hours. Now, when changes are made,
the DNS resolver all over the world that has not accessed www.google.com which is very rare will get immediately updated but the ones that have the
information cached will not get updated till the TTL time is over. Hence, the web–cache server will send the information with the old IP of the website
to the user who is accessing the DNS server that has the information cached and once the TTL time is over the user will be able to access the website
with the new IP address(167.45.45.46).
When a domain name resolving is done, the first place the PC will look into is the root name server( root NS).
Ans 3.
a)TCP and SSL
Transmission Control Protocol (TCP)Secure Socket Layer (SSL)
пЃ¶Transport Layer Protocol, helps in transportation of packetsпЃ¶Application layer protocol

пЃ¶It provided error free and reliable communicationпЃ¶It is a communication security protocol
пЃ¶TCP is a main protocolпЃ¶TCP uses SSL to make

Cryp Essay
Homework 5 4.2 Consider a "CCA–type" extension of the deп¬Ѓnition of secure message authentication codes where the adversary is provided with
both a Mac and Vrfy oracle. (a) Provide a formal deп¬Ѓnition and explain why such a notion may make sense. (b) Show that when the Mac scheme is
deterministic, your deп¬Ѓnition is equivalent to Definition 4.2. (c) Show that when the Mac scheme may be probabilistic, the deп¬Ѓnitions are not
equivalent. (That is, show that there exists a probabilistic scheme that is secure by Deп¬Ѓnition 4.2 but not by your deп¬Ѓnition.) Consideration The
message authentication experiment Mac–forge, О (n): 1. A random key k в†ђ {0, 1}n is chosen. 2. The adversary is given oracle access to Mack (В·)
and Vrfyk (В·, В·) and outputs a... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Note that in this case the Vrfy oracle behaves exactly the same to the actual Vrfy alogrithm, and the adversary cannot use the Vrfy oracle to increase
its probability of success (see comparison below for further clariп¬Ѓcation). To rephrase this, an oracle access to Vrfy does not augment the adversary's
power. If the Mac scheme is probabilistic there exist muiltple tags that one message can possibly correspond to. Hence, in sharp contrast to the
deterministic case, the adversary cannot be certain of exactly which tag corresponds the message. Now, with an oracle access to Vrfy, the adversary
can simply query this oracle to eliminate some of the possible tags, therefore dramatically increase the probability of success (Roughly speaking,
multiplied by the number of all possible corresponding tags. But this is limited to polynomial many). That being said, an adversary with oracle access
to Vrfy is more powerful than one without such access. (The adversary can still output any message m previously queried to the oracle! The
deп¬Ѓnition says nothing about this.) Therefore, This deп¬Ѓnition differs from Deп¬Ѓnition 4.2. 1 4.3 Prove that Construction 4.5 remains secure for
each of the following modiп¬Ѓcations: (a) Instead of using a pseudorandom function, use any п¬Ѓxed–length MAC with the appropriate parameters. (b)
Instead of including d in every block, set t i = Fk (r ||b ||i ||m i ) where b is a single bit such that b = 0 in all blocks but the last one, and b =

Unit 7 Wpa2
Wi–Fi Protected Access 2, the follow on security method to WPA for wireless networks that provides stronger data protection and network access
control. It provides enterprise and consumer Wi–Fi users with a high level of assurance that only authorized users can access their wireless networks.
Based on the IEEE 802.11i standard, WPA2 provides government gradesecurity by implementing the National Institute of Standards and Technology
(NIST) FIPS 140–2 compliant AES encryption algorithm and 802.1x–based authentication. WPA2 resolved vulnerabilities of WEP to "hacker attacks
such as 'man–in–the–middle',
Authentication forging, replay, key collision, weak keys, packet forging, and 'brute–force/dictionary' attacks By using government grade AES ... Show
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The AES block cipher iterative encryption algorithm as implemented in WPA2 is considered to be so strong an encryption standard that the National
Security Agency uses its 192–bit and 256–bit key lengths to encrypt Top Secret documents. For now and into the foreseeable future, the use of AES as
implemented in WPA2 should be considered to be unbreakable. The WPA2
–Enterprise mode provides the security needed for wireless networks in
business environments. Though more complicated to set up, it offers individualized and centralized control over access to your Wi–Fi network. Users
are assigned login credentials they must present when connecting to the network, which can be modified or revoked by administrators at any time. The
authentication method used to verify the user (and server) credentials on WPA/WPA2–Enterprise networks is defined in the IEEE 802.1X standard.
This requires an external server called a Remote Authentication Dial In User Service (RADIUS) or Authentication, Authorization, and Accounting
(AAA) server, which is used for a variety of network protocols and environments including

Essay on Ethical Issues in Secured Communications
Ethical Issues in Secured Communications
1. Introduction
The outstanding growth of network technologies in the past decade have contributed to millions of new applications and industries. Literally millions
of companies around the world were created to serve this huge growth. Even though many of those companies did not survive until the present time,
most of the applications did survive and they are still widely used among consumers of all ages, cultures, and backgrounds.
Most of the widely used applications are not secured. I will define what is meant by a secured communication later in the paper. However, this paper is
more concerned in the way people use these applications in terms of identity. Many applications allow ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
2. Background
2.1 Security Background
2.1.1 Secured Communications
Security and privacy are not new concepts. At 400 BC the Greeks used a transposition cipher. Individual letters were written on a long thin sheet of
paper and then wrapped around a cylinder. The diameter of the cylinder was the key to find out the original letter. In this context, I find it necessary to
give some definitions of related vocabulary in this field.
–Plain text or PT is the original message that we need to send. Usually we do not want others to be able to know our original message.
–Cipher text or CT is the encrypted plain text which is not readable for others.
–Encryption is the process of changing a secret message (plain text) into a disguised one (cipher text).
–Decryption is the process of changing the Cipher text back to the original Plain text.

–Cryptography (literally means secret writing) is the science encompassing the principles and methods of transforming a PT message into a CT one,
and then retransforming that message back to its original form.
–cryptanalysis the study of principles and methods of transforming a CT message back into a PT message without knowledge of the key. Also called
code breaking
–cryptology both cryptography and cryptanalysis
We encrypt the PT to get the CT and then send it on a communication channel. The channel

Disadvantages Of SAML: Security Assertion Markup Language
1INTRODUCTION SAML is an XML based framework for crafting "security assertions" and exchanging them between entities. SAML is abbreviated
as "Security Assertion Markup Language" and as the name suggests SAML holds a predominant position in the terms of industry acceptance of identity
deployments. With the recent dramatic growth in the web world, industries/ organizations were able to communicate with each other over internet and
the productivity has soared because of this. Now, SAML facilitates the exchange of the information over the internet. SAML enables different
organizations (with different security domains) to securely exchange authentication and authorization information. SAML is a flexible and extensible
protocol designed to be used.... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
It allows security systems and application software to be developed and evolve independently. This is because SAML provides a set of interoperable
standard interfaces. Standardizing the interfaces between systems allows for faster, cheaper, and more reliable integration. Following are some more
concrete benefits of SAML: Platform neutrality: SAML abstracts the security framework away from platform architecture and particular vendor
implementation. This Service–Oriented Architecture makes the security more independent of application logic Loose coupling of directories: SAML
does not require user information to be maintained and synchronized between directories. Improved online experience for end users: SAML enables
single sign–on by allowing users to authenticate at an identity provider and then access service providers without additional authentication.
Better–customized user experience is provided by SAML at each service while promoting privacy through identity federation (linking of multiple
identities). Reduced administrative costs for service providers: Using SAML to 'reuse' a single act of authentication (such as logging in with a
username and password) multiple times across multiple services can reduce the cost of maintaining account information. This burden is transferred to
the identity

Security Enhancements Ieee 802.11 Wireless Lans Through...
Sri Harsha MaddineniZ1725592CSCI 630–3 Security Enhancements in IEEE 802.11 Wireless LANs through Wired Equivalent Privacy protocol
Introduction:
Wireless networks are less secure when compared to wired networks. Wired networks such as Ethernet are physically connected, where as in
wireless networks are connected through wireless radio waves without physical connection between them. As a result, a security breach is easier in
wireless networks when compared to wired networks. In the current world, electronic gadgets like cell phones, ipads and laptops are interconnected
with other devices. In wireless device, a network radio receiver is able to hear the conversations on a wireless channel as per its range. Therefore it is
easier to breach the conversations that are occurring in wireless networks. The data that is transferred on the internet should be reliable and secure
because it might contain personal data information like bank login details or insurance details etc. To prevent the issues that are happening over the
network, there are different algorithms used in day to day life by software engineers while designing the network. Among themWired Equivalent
privacy algorithm is most important one. The main purpose of this algorithm is to produce integrity, reliability and security to data that is transferred
on a wireless network. The thesis that I am writing is used for software engineers who are interested in implementing WEP protocol for their network
designs and

AIS 510 PBL REPORT
ACCOUNTING INFORMATION SYSTEM AIS510 PBL REPORT SEMESTER MARCH
–JUNE 2012 Problem Based Learning Session 1 TESCI
STORES (MALAYSIA) SDN BHD a. What kind of information do you think Tesci gathers? (40 marks) Accounting information system is systems that
collect, record, stored and process the data into information for the users for decision making. However, information is data that organized and process
to provide meanings to users. Users typically need information to make decisions or to improve decisions making process. As a general rule, users can
make better decision as the quantity and quality of information increase. Tesci gather the information from various type of technology such as
computer, mobile phone,... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
First, Tesci need to list out all name of the supplier. After that, Tesci need to compare among the supplier whose give the reasonable price in buying
goods in bulk. Tesci then must evaluate which supplier they want to cooperate in the long run operation. Besides that Tesci also can gather information
by doing a survey and contents. "A survey is a data collection tool used to gather information about individuals. Surveys are commonly used in
psychology research to collect self–report data from study participants. A survey may focus on factual information about individuals, or it might aim to
collect the opinions of the survey takers". This survey is to ensure the organization can get a lot of information from outsiders. By doing this, the
organization can allocate the information according to the various type of people. In addition, "Surveys and Contests, from time to time, we can
requests information from users via surveys or contests. Participation in these surveys or contests is completely voluntary and the user therefore has a
choice whether or not to disclose this information. Information requested may include contact information (such as name and address), personal
opinion and demographic information (such as zip code, age group, purchasing influence). Contact information will be used to notify the winners and
award prizes. Survey information will be used for purposes of monitoring or improving the use

Summary: Public Key Infrastructure
As an Information Security Director at a small software company that utilizes a Microsoft Server 2012 Active Directory. The company is made up of
software developers and a relatively small number of administrative. It would be in the best interest of the company to use a public key infrastructure
(PKI) in order to provide a framework that fosters confidentiality, integrity, authentication, and nonrepudiation. Email clients, virtual private network
(VPN) products, Web server components, and domain controllers would utilize digital certificates issued by the certificate authority (CA). Additionally,
the company would use digital certificates to sign software developed by the company in order to demonstrate software authenticity to the customer.
PKI supports the distribution and identification of public encryption keys, enabling users and computers to both securely exchange data over networks
and verifies the identity of the other party. It enhances the security of data by ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
CAs can be public or in–house. Each have positive and negative characteristics. In–house is easy to use and manage because the company is not
dependent on an external entity for certificates. There is no per–certificate cost. The down side of in–house is that it is more complicated than using
external. With in–house CA, the security and accountability of Public Key Infrastructure (PKI) is completely on the organization's shoulder. This is
bad if the company is small and does not understand or have the resources to put toward PKI. External parties tend to trust a digital certificate signed
by a trusted external CA over a certificate from an in–house CA. Integration between an external Certification Authority (CA) and the infrastructure of
the organization is limited. External CA also means organization need to pay per certificate. Lastly, external CA provides limited flexibility when
configuring, expanding and managing

C6520 Unit 2 Assignment 2
ASSIGNMENT 2
CS6525 NETWORK SECURITY
1.
Generally, the horse of Trojans is coded programs coded for the purpose of harming the computer devices which appears to be harm free, but when the
code is executed by users, the data & file systems are corrupted leading to damaging the computer devices.
Preventions
пѓ The quality of monitoring system is very important, so that its used to scan & detect different kind of attacks preventing them from striking the
system.
пѓ Safety parameters should be taken while establishing any connection with the systems.
пѓ We shouldn't allow any work station to access which cannot be trusted.
пѓ Software update in the workstations should be very regular, as the hackers can intrude the older version assuming it's still running, newer versions
of software cannot be updated that easily.
пѓ Strong passwords prevent the access of unauthorized intruders to the workstation.
Flaws in Kerberos
Authentication ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Right after this process of Kerberos Alice will be receiving two kinds of messages from the system of Kerberos
пѓ The first one is contained of the session–key for the encrypted Alice– B0b using the Alice– TGS session–key.
пѓ Secondly, the next one will be contained of similar session–key as Alice & B0b's but the difference is it's obtained by using the B0b– TGS's
secret–key.
пѓ Alice is able to extract from the session–key &decrypt the message sent first.
пѓ Alice will also be sending the next message to B0b, and now bob is able to extract from the same kind of session–key &decrypt the message.

пѓ Now they both will be having the same kind of session–keys.
пѓ Therefore this key will used for further more mode of communication in between both of them.
5.
PKI is abbreviated as the Public–Key infrastructures, which is a system of cryptographic mechanisms, wherein we will have to use mainly two kinds
of keys, they are:
пѓ Public–key o This is being shared.
пѓ Private–key o This is kept secretive. o Utilizes asymmetric form of

Implementation Of The Proposed System
Chapter Five Implementation of the Proposed System 5.1 Introduction In this chapter will be discuss the implementation of the proposed security
model through the illustrative examples to explain functionality of the model. In order to test the functionality of the system, a case study application
is used. The proposed case study is a messaging system used to exchange messages between clients under the control of the server. 5.2
Implementation Tools The proposed system has been built by means of the following tools: 1.AppServ is a merging open source software installer
package for Windows includes. a.Apache Web Server. b.PHP Script Language. c.MySQL Database. d.phpMyAdmin Database Manager. 5.3 Proposed
System Implementation The proposed system has been implemented using three layer architecture. The functions of the system will be described
briefly as follow. 5.3.1 Client layer : A.Home–Page: The first step in the proposed security system is through the load the home web–page
(www.myzkp.net), after that the applicant should enter a number like x where x represents a secret number here, this secret number will be used in the
authentication process as well as key exchange function as the shown in Figure 5–1 below. Figure 5–1 Home web–page Home page will pass the secret
number to the authentication and key exchange module, which is an implementation of the zero–knowledge proof protocol, that accomplish the
authentication procedure with the addition

Authentication System for Identifying Internet Users
OpenID is a decentralized, single sign–on authentication system for internet sites that require authentication for use. It was developed out of the need
to create a different, easier and more secure, type of authentication system than using a password. OpenID was developed using the open source
software model to be an interoperable protocol independent from any single organization OpenID allows users to log into websites with one single ID,
instead of the user having to create and manage multiple accounts. To use OpenID, a user must first register with a website that supports OpenID.
When viewing other sites that use OpenID, the user logs in with a redirect to a secure URL. With OpenID, the user's email address will be available to
websites requesting authentication, however it's not the identifier. OpenID uses URLs as an identity; users will leave a site and return after
authenticating with a third–party website. The user would connect to an OpenID enabled website, enter credential information, and then a POST is
made with a BASE64 which is a website to provider request. The website would then redirect the user to the providers for login. The user's password
would be entered in automatically by OpenID and submitted; once verification is done the user is logged in to the site. Currently there are over one
billion OpenID user accounts and over 50,000 websites that use OpenID.
As illustrated below, OpenID has three basic features: a user with a Web browser, a Relying Party or

Data Security Using Text Based Graphical Essay
DATA SECURITY USING TEXT BASED GRAPHICAL
PASSWORD AND QR CODE
Vishal Pokarne, Pratik Bhosale, Akshay Sanga, ShivamNirhali,
Prof. D. S. Gaikawad
Department of Computer Engineering
SavitribaiPhule Pune University, Pune–411041, India
(vishalpokarne@gmail.com, pratikbhosale8484@gmail.com)
Abstract – Conventional password schemes are vulnerable to shoulder surfing attack and many other attacks like brute force attack and dictionary
based attack. Traditional alphabetical and numeric passwords have disadvantages from a usability standpoint, and these usability problems translate
into security problems.The system combines the applications effectively in a way to transfer data securely. System provides data security with the help
of ColorCombination authentication, and cryptography using QR Code Techniques. The universal technique for providing confidentiality of transmitted
data is cryptography. The system provides a method to encoding the data using QR Code. The information is mainly present in the Color Strip of 8 bits
color combination. In this system data is securely transmitted with the help of 8 bit colors acting as security element thereby providing authentication
using The QR Code.
Keywords –Text Based Graphical Password, Encryption of QR Code, Decryption of OR Code.
I.INTRODUCTION
Here, we are proposing a method for Data Security using Text based Graphical password Scheme & the color Combination for E–mail system for
securing the

Mobile Ad Hoc Network Essay
Mobile ad hoc network (MANTE) is a group of wireless mobile computers (nodes) in where they help each other to forward packets when out of range
of direct wireless transmission. When out of range could mean constantly moving, no base station infrastructure or infrastructure destroyed. Ad hoc
networks can effortlessly and inexpensively be established. Ad hoc network can be easily set up due to the fact it doesn't require a centralized
administrator and doesn't require a fixed network infrastructure (base station/ access point). With the creation of Ad hoc networks came the problem of
secure routing protocols for this type of network.
Ariadne is one the secure routing protocol which was created to improve ad hoc networking security. ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Ariadne can be implemented in three ways to authenticate routing messages: sharing of secret keys between all pair of nodes, TESLA (broadcasting
authentication) with sharing of secret keys, and digital signatures. Sharing secret keys between nodes "requires n (n–1)/2 keys to be established in the
network" (Anjum, 2007), the keys can be installed by the key distribution center before message routing. This type of approach creates administrative
(someone to distribute the keys) and scalability (time delay) challengesВ¬В¬. The TESLA approach requires the same type of process as the first, but
it adds a single message authentication code (MAC) to a request message, this creates a security issue when broadcasting the message where the
receiver can impersonate the sender. TESLA then uses one–way hash chain and clock synchronization to prevent this. The third implementation
requires each node to have a set of asymmetric key and in short requires each node to have certain computational capability. The focus will be on
TESLA implementation assuming each commination share a MAC key, every node has one–way hash chain capability, all nodes know the
authentication key of the TESLA one–way key chain of every other node, and sender trust the destination source.
Route Discovery consist of two parts: Route Request and Route Reply. Route request message is

Security Analysis Of A Protocol For Pollution Attack...
ABSTRACT
The following technical paper "Security Analysis of a Protocol for Pollution Attack Detection" is based on the concept of network coding. Since we
have a limited bandwidth it becomes imperative for us to optimize our network in such a way that we can make maximum use of the network
resources. Network coding allows us to do that. It achieves this by combining different packets that it receives at a node into one single packet for
transmission, instead of simply taking and forwarding the packets. However, network coding is vulnerable to pollution attacks where a single
malicious node can disrupt the operation of the complete network. Several protocols to detect pollution attacks have been proposed previously. In the
following paper the author has described a new pollution attack detection protocol that extends the existing SpaceMac protocol. This paper describes
how we have modelled the protocol in order to carry out a security analysis and presents the results of that analysis.
INTRODUCTION
Network coding allows multiple packets to be transmitted using a smaller number of packets thereby increasing throughput. Here a common single
base station transmits data from a common single base station to intermediate stations where it is kept and sent out to the п¬Ѓnal destination or to any
other intermediate stations at a later time. For a traditional network that employs multicast network, the stations receive a packet and forward it to the
next node. Under network coding,

Wireless Network Security ( Cs6526 / Fall 2014 )
WIRELESS NETWORK SECURITY (CS6526/FALL 2014)
ASSIGNMENT # 2
NAME: VIDYA PANGA
NET ID: KS9877
1.What are the security requirements and challenges of MANETs?
Answer:
MANETs (Mobile ad–hoc network) is defined as autonomous collection of wireless mobile nodes that are self–configure to construct a network that
can communicate over relatively bandwidth constrained wireless links.
In MANETs the security depends on the several parameters are as follows:
Authentication: It enables the mobile nodes to ensure the identity of the nodes they are communicating with. With this it provides the secure
communication among the nodes. It also helps in identifying the false identity of nodes. This avoids the unauthorized nodes to gain access of the other
nodes.
Confidentiality: It prevents the access to the data for unauthorized users or nodes when two authorized nodes are communicating .Since MANETs use
the open medium, all users present within the transmission range will have access to the data. The data can be kept confidentially by performing
encryption on it.
Integrity: It prevents the data from being modified or unchanged by the unauthorized users while transmitting the data. It never discloses the data to the
unauthorized users. With this it provides the users a secure communication without any modifications in the data.
Non repudiation: It ensures that nodes in the MANETs should not deny their responsibility of actions while sending and receiving the data packets.
With the help of

Secure Protocols For Wsn : A Comparative Study Of Protocols
SECURE PROTOCOLS FOR WSN A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF PROTOCOLS NAME: RITIKA SANJEET RUSTAGI USC ID NUMBER:
4205911885 CSCI 530 COMPUTER SECURITY SYTEMS TILES OF THE PAPER: Abstract Introduction Security requirements of WSNs
Choosing efficient encryption algorithm SPINS TinySec Evaluation of SPINS and TinySec Conclusion Acknowledgment References I have read
the Guide to Avoiding Plagiarism published by the student affairs office. I understand what is expected of me with respect to properly citing
sources, and how to avoid representing the work of others as my own. The material in this paper was written by me, except for such material that is
quoted or indented and properly cited to indicate the sources of the material. I understand that using the words of others, and simply tagging the
sentence, paragraph, or section with a tag to the copied source does not constitute proper citation and that if such materiel is used verbatim or
paraphrased it must be specifically conveyed (such as through the use of quotation marks or indentation) together with the citation. I further
understand that overuse of properly cited quotations to avoid conveying the information in my own words, while it will not subject me to
disciplinary action, does convey to the instructor that I do not understand the material enough to explain it in my own words, and will likely result in
a lesser grade on the paper. Signed by: ______________________________________ SECURE PROTOCOLS FOR WSN A COMPARATIVE STUDY

Cryptography : Applied Cryptography Rough Draft
Running Head: Cryptography1 Cryptography 12
Applied Cryptography Rough Draft
ISSC 431
Professor Christopher Weppler
October 6, 2015
Introduction
Over the years, cryptography has been used to protect secrets, in a military capacity to make sure that either hackers, enemies of the countries, do not
intercept sensitive formation. Ciphers, and encryption blocks are becoming so hard to break even the best super computers cannot break the codes in
a timely fashion. Encryption has been improved over the years, also has been around for thousands of years and this paper is intended to explain about
different forms of cryptography that either has been used or is still in use to this day. This paper is about... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
When coming to creating these types of security is predominately affiliated with the military, federal agencies, governments and so forth. When talking
about computer security cryptography this started back in the 60?s and this came from a huge demand for the civilian sector to protect critical
information and to transform data into a digital form. Years later in the 70?s IBM took up the contract and started to create an encryption system for
communication systems, and that was known as DES (Digital Encryption Standard). Now with that being said let 's discuss about identification/ entity
authentication technique. There are differences between identification and entity authentication, states about weak, strong and zero knowledge–based
authentication. Entity authentication procedure is in ?actual time? procedure in the sense that provides a guarantee that the parties that are involved in
carrying out some of the action of validation is functioning at the time of protocol execution. When passwords come to entity authentication would be
considered a weak authentication. When coming to conventional password schemes that involve time natural outlines, which involved so–called weak
authentication general is between 6 to 10 characters and is a dictionary word. According to this passage ?Conventional password schemes involve
time–invariant passwords, which provide so–called weak authentication. (Menezes & Oorschot & Vanstone, 1996) Now, when coming to

Nt1310 Unit 3 Data Analysis
15.AH – an extension header to provide message authentication; the current specification is RFC 4302, IP Authentication header; ESP– consists of an
encapsulating header and trailer used to provide encryption or combined encryption/authentication; current specific is RFC 4303, IP Encapsulating
Security Payload (ESP) https://www.cs.ucy.ac.cy/courses/EPL475/slides/Lecture_12.pdf
16.Sequence numbers within the anti–replay window allows IPsec to detect replay messages. This number indicates the packet number sent over the
SA and incrementally increases as a packet is sent. This number cannot repeat for the life of the security association. Every time a packet is sent, the
receiver checks this number to verify that a packet for a security association ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The security measures taken place are fairly simple. The phone is protected by a 4 digit user created code. A user has ten times to enter in the correct
code. Each time an incorrect code is entered, a time delay is hit. After 5 attempts, the user will have to wait one minute to try again. After attempt 7 and
8, 15 minutes an hour the ninth try. If the wrong password is entered in for the tenth time, then all the memory in the phone is deleted through an
"auto–erase" function. In addition, this code must be punched in manually and cannot be automated. A 4 digit code has 9,999 unique

Implementation Of The Security System
Chapter Five Implementation of the Security System 5.1 Introduction In this chapter will be discuss the implementation of the security model through
the illustrative examples to explain functionality of the model. In order to test the functionality of the system, a case study application is used. The
proposed case study is a messaging system used to exchange messages between clients under the control of the server. 5.2 Implementation Tools The
proposed system has been built by means of the following tools: Apache Web Server. Java Script Language. MySQL Database. PHP (Hypertext
Preprocessor) Language. CSS (Cascading Style Sheets) Language. HTML(Hypertext Markup Language) Language. 5.3 Implementation of the Security
System The security system has been implemented using three layer architecture. The functions of the system will be described briefly as follow. 5.3.1
Client layer: Home–Page: The implementation of the security system to exchange messages between the first party (client) and the second party
(server) is done by entering through any browser on the web such as (Opera,Netscape,Google Chrome or Internet Explorer) and load the home
web–page www.myzkp.net . After that the applicant or the first party (client) must enter secret number such as x. At the same time, the second party
(server) will also enter a secret number , such as y. Both values (x,y) are defined within a specific period agreed in advance between the parties. The x
value entered by

Kerberos Essay
Kerberos and Firewalls
Kerberos
Kerberos is defined as an authentication protocol combined with a suite used in implementing the software (Nicola & Aargau). The authentication
protocol has its name derived from the three–headed dog in the Greek mythology used for guarding the entrance to the underworld. The protocol
involves three entities; the first two are aimed at authenticating one another i.e. the resource center and user while the third party acts as the key
distribution center or the mediator between the two keys.
Kerberos authentication protocol is based on symmetric key cryptography where the key used for encryption and decryption is the same. The formula
for the protocol is
DK (E K(M)) = M
Where D stands for decryption, K stands for the key, E stands for encryption, M stands for encrypted text. In case the key is the same for both
encryption and decryption procedures, the decryption process leads to the same plain text as the original text before encryption.
The key distribution center comprises of two components, integrated into one server. These components are the authentication server and the
ticket–granting server. Considering three entities, that is, the resource center, client and user Z, the request and authentication process works in the
following way. The user Z feeds in a username and password into the client machine, which is encrypted to form a secret key. The user Z through the
client then contacts the authentication server, which in turn sends the

Information Security Breach
Title: Report on recent breach at First Union Bank
Name: Sandeep K Reddy Udumala
Course: Information Security technology
Professor Name: Mr. Janos Mako
University: Northeastern University
Date: February 15, 2015 Deliverable #1 Hackers and their motives
This current generation of attacks, which includes the advanced persistent threats (APTs), is mainly focused on acquiring something valuable–sensitive
personal details, intellectual property, authentication credentials, insider information, and the like. Skilled potential hackers tend to spread malicious
bank Trojan viruses that allow remote access to a computer, manipulate a financial institution's online information system, corrupt data, and impede the
quality of an information ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Their motivation is pure financial gain.
A data breach, one of the threat exists allows the information and data to go out from the banking system, making it viewable to others. Some of the
examples of potential hazards and which remain the main motives of the electronic banking system are during on–line transactions, transferring funds,
and minting electric currency, etc.
In a recent report published at the end of last year, it was found that Trojans had been used to target more than 1,400 financial institutions in 2014, with
the top US banks being the main target.
The main reason these attackers pop is for the violation of system security is all about the money, challenges to intercept data, challenges with
acquaintance, data breach, and poor authentication and authorization. These Hackers have an infinite amount of time to craft a new attack while
blacklist–based security solutions only have a split second to react. If the attack is a zero–day exploit, it will bypass definition–based security, such as
WAFs. The integrity of the system can also be affected, when these irresponsible people alter and changing the data information in the system, for
example exchange a sum of money to their own account.
It is important to realize how the security aspects in a banking system can influence such

Using Lightweight Dynamic User Authentication Scheme
There are many popular authentication protocol schemes and some of them are as follows. Lightweight Dynamic User Authentication Scheme – In
Wireless Sensor Networks the authorized users can access and communicate with the sensor nodes. This scheme comprises of registration, login and
authentication phases. Based on the predefined period the user registers and gets access to secure data and restarts if period expires. It states it is
secure only against replay and forgery attacks. And provides many benefits like efficiency, avoiding leakage of password, etc. Lightweight Trust Model
– Usage of this scheme benefits in reducing the memory consumption and energy. And it is done by three steps such as computing bytes, not storing the
value in the transaction table, consuming 3 bits of memory and also avoids promiscuous operation mode. Lightweight Authentication Scheme – This
requires HMAC and encryption algorithms and decrease the effects of resource consumption attack. It consists of three phases such as key
predistribution phase, network initialization phase and authentication protocol. Secured Energy Conserving Slot–Based Topology Maintenance
Protocol uses a symmetric key–based authentication mechanism for a sleep/wake–up schedule of nodes for better energy efficiency and increase in
lifetime the network. Lightweight Key Management Scheme – This reduces the resource consumption and acts as building block for all mechanisms. It
requires less key storage with minimal number of

Questions On Amazon, Apple, Google, And Honan Himself
(1) For each of the following actors, make a list of assumptions made by the following actors that may have appeared valid in isolation, but were not
valid in the combination described in Honan 's article: Amazon, Apple, Google, Twitter, and Honan himself. The following are the list of
assumptions made in isolation by the following actors: Amazon: 1) Amazon allows adding of credit card information through requests from
telephone calls. This makes it convenient for the customer, but in this case it allowed the hacker to add a part of identity information by just
knowing basic details 2) Amazon allows the user to add an email address by telephone if the credit card information among other details are
known. This seems like a valid procedure by in Honan 's case the hacker used the self added credit card information. Apple: 1) In a normal case a
user who has information about the billing address, last 4 digits of credit card and email can usually be trusted. The hacker knew the last 4 digits of
the credit card through the Amazon exploit and was able to access the Apple account 2) Apple 's feature of remote wipe is particularly for the
scenario wherein the customer loses his Mac or iPhone. But by gaining access to the account, the hacker was able to remote wipe all the devices. 3) As
mentioned in the case of Amazon, administration of account settings through the telephone for the sake of convenience was how the hacker gained
control of the account. Google: 1) Google allows

Application And Device / Hardware Level
The Future
The future of security for IoT needs to be proactive and not reactive, preventive and not remedial. It is important that we bake in the security into IoT
platforms right from the ground up instead of doing it in piecemeal way as was the case with evolution of modern day operating systems or internet
revolution. Future IoT initiative shall have security shall be holistically implemented at network, application and device/hardware level. We should
definitely leverage wide knowledge base and research investments we have already made in the embedded systems, OS, web and mobile security
space. Top security software providers, market leaders in the technical corporate space and federal institutions, and tight laws shall be built to... Show
more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Firewalls: The devices need firewall to block any malicious packets to reach the device. It shall proper evasive security embedded in the hardware and
network layer.
Upgrades: Manufacturers and operators need to be able to remotely upgrade the devices with patches and upgrades once the device is live. This action
shall ensure that functionality of the devices is not compromised in any way and requires due importance with respect to authentication.
Relationship of Things
Identity Relationship Management is another unique approach to identity management in the world of IoT. This approach is highly supported by
kantara initiative. Few of the interesting things in IRM approach are:
Internet Scale over Enterprise Scale: In traditional world we used to build castles, borders and perimeters in the form of VPNs, corporate networks to
secure our assets but in the new paradigm users are accessing from different locations, different devices and times. We need to able to handle millions
of additional identities simultaneously in a scalable way and that too in inter–connected way.
Modular over Monolithic: IRM solutions of today shall be designed from ground up in integrated, scalable and modular fashion. Traditional approach
to IAM simple doesn't scale in today's world of acquisitions, mergers and constantly increasing number of connected devices, users and access points.
Dynamic Intelligence

Case Study: Can Backlog And Cloud BPM Be Cooperation?
Can Backlog and Cloud BPM be Cooperation? How to check whether Questetra can cooperate with other services Since I was consulted by a
certain customer about cooperation on Questetra and Backlog which Nulab Inc. is providing, I organized how to do it. This time, I tried to
summarize how to investigate whether it is possible to collaborate with Questetra and other services, not only with the Backlog. (fig) * I will
supplement since there may be some people who are thinking both Questetra and Backlog are for managing tasks. Questetra is suited to the work
whose flow has been decided, while Backlog is suitable for flexible work flow. Therefore, they are often used depending on the characteristics of the
target work. This example here, is also one of them.... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Not limited to Backlog, the points to be confirmed on the side of service which calling Questetra are as

Radio Frequency Identification ( Rfid )
"Message Authentication in RFID"
Proposal for topic
Radio–frequency identification (RFID) is the remote utilization of electromagnetic fields to exchange information, for the reasons of consequently
distinguishing and following labels joined to questions. The labels contain electronically put away data. A few labels are fueled by electromagnetic
impelling from attractive fields created close to the peruse. A few sorts gather vitality from the examining radio waves and go about as a detached
transponder. Different sorts have a nearby power source, for example, a battery and may work at several meters from the peruse. Not at all like a
scanner tag, the tag does not so much need to be inside viewable pathway of the peruse, and may be ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Be that as it may, to begin operation of aloof labels, they must be lit up with a force level about three sizes stronger than for sign transmission. That has
any kind of effect in impedance and in introduction to radiation.
RFID labels contain no less than two sections: an incorporated circuit for putting away and preparing data, adjusting and demodulating a
radio–frequency (RF) sign, gathering DC power from the episode peruse sign, and other particular capacities; and a reception apparatus for accepting
and transmitting the sign. The label data is put away in a non–unpredictable memory. The RFID tag incorporates either a chip–wired rationale or a
modified or programmable information processor for transforming the transmission and sensor information, separately.
A RFID peruse transmits an encoded radio sign to cross examine the tag. The RFID tag gets the message and then reacts with its identification and
other data. This may be just an extraordinary label serial number, or may be item related data, for example, a stock number, parcel or clump number,
creation date, or other particular data.
Readers
RFID frameworks could be arranged by the kind of label and peruse. A Latent Peruse Dynamic Label (PRAT) framework has an aloof peruse which
just gets radio signs from dynamic labels (battery worked, transmit just). The gathering scope of a PRAT framework peruse could be balanced from
1–2,000 feet (0.30–609.60 m), permitting adaptability in applications, for example,

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