2. ITEC 1010 Information and Organizations
The Importance of
Software in Business
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In today’s modern age, almost every household has
at least one computer system to use, and almost
every family member knows how to use it and surf
the internet.
Of course, besides for personal use, computers and
computer software are a business necessity in order
for their company to work and function at its best.
Consequently, different types of computer software
are necessary depending on the nature of business of
the company.
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3. ITEC 1010 Information and Organizations
An Overview of Software
What is ‘Software’?
Software is a set of electronic instructions that tells
the computer how to do certain tasks.
A set of instructions is often called a program.
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4. ITEC 1010 Information and Organizations
Classes of Software
Systems software
Set of programs that coordinates activities and
functions of the hardware and various other
programs
Application software
Programs that help users solve particular
computing problems
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5. ITEC 1010 Information and Organizations
Spheres of Influence
Personal
Information systems that serve the needs of
an individual user
Workgroup
Two or more people who work together to
achieve a common goal
Enterprise
Information systems that support the firm in
its interaction with its environment.
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6. ITEC 1010 Information and Organizations
Role of Systems Software
System software…
Is an interface or buffer between application
software and hardware
Controls the computer hardware and acts as an
interface with applications programs
Ex: operating systems
Schematic
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7. ITEC 1010 Information and Organizations
Users
Application
software
Operating
and
systems
software
Hardware
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Role of Systems Software
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8. ITEC 1010 Information and Organizations
Operating System Functions
Perform common computer hardware functions
Provide a user interface
Provide a degree of hardware independence
Manage system memory
Manage processing tasks
Provide networking capability
Control access to system resources
Manage files
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9. ITEC 1010 Information and Organizations
User Interface
User interface
A function of the operating system that allows individuals to access
and command the computer
Command-based user interface
A particular user interface that requires text commands be given to
the computer to perform basic activities
E.g., unix, DOS
Graphical user interface (GUI)
A user interface that uses pictures (icons) and menus displayed on
the screen to send commands to the computer system
E.g. Windows, MAC OS
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10. ITEC 1010 Information and Organizations
Operating system Software
Classification
Multiuser
Multiprocessing
Multitasking
Multithreading
Real time
Timesharing
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11. ITEC 1010 Information and Organizations
Multiuser, Multiprocessing, Multitasking
Multiuser
Allows two or more user to run programs at the
same time. Some operating systems permits
hundreds or thousands of concurrent users.
Multiprocessing
Supports running a program on more than one
CPU.
Multitasking
A processing activity that allows a user to run
more than one application at the same time
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12. ITEC 1010 Information and Organizations
Multithreading, Real Time, Time-sharing
Multithreading
Allows different parts of single program to
run concurrently
Real Time
Responds to input instantly.
Time-sharing
A processing activity that allows more than
one person to use a computer system at the
same time
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13. ITEC 1010 Information and Organizations
Examples of Operating systems
Windows 7
Windows Vista
Windows Server 2003
Linux
Mac OS X
SunOS
DOS
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14. ITEC 1010 Information and Organizations
Introduction to
windows operating system
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Interface between
hardware and user.
Handle technical details
without user intervention.
A Collection of programs
Operating system
Systems software
Kernel
Utilities
Device drivers
Language translators
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15. ITEC 1010 Information and Organizations
Roll of Operating System (OS)
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Responsible for the management and coordination of
activities and the sharing of the resources of a computer
Acts as a host for computing applications run on the
machine.
Determines which applications should run in what order
and how much time should be allowed for each
application before giving another application a turn (in
multitasking OS).
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16. ITEC 1010 Information and Organizations
MS-DOS
Uses a command-line interface
Screen provides prompts for user
User types commands
Largely replaced by graphical user interfaces
Not user-friendly
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17. ITEC 1010 Information and Organizations
Microsoft Windows
Most popular OS for microcomputers
Designed for Intel processors
Active Desktop
Graphical user interface (GUI) to OS
Windows XP, Windows 2003, Vista
Windows CE
Embedded Compact
for minimalistic computers and
embedded systems
WinCE
Series of software operating systems and graphical user interfaces
produced by Microsoft
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18. ITEC 1010 Information and Organizations
Apple Mac OS
Series of graphical user
interface-based operating
systems.
Runs on Macintosh computers
Designed for PowerPC
microprocessors
OS X
Latest version OS
compatible with both PowerPC
and Intel processors through
version 10.5 ("Leopard").
First commercially successful
GUI
Has served as the model for
Windows and other GUI
products developed since then.
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19. ITEC 1010 Information and Organizations
UNIX
Originally ran on mainframe
and minicomputers
Used for large servers on the
Web
Popular alternative to
Windows
Several versions available
Solaris 8
Linux
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20. ITEC 1010 Information and Organizations
Windows 98 & Windows XP
Window 98
Window XP
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21. ITEC 1010 Information and Organizations
Windows Vista
Windows Vista operating system by Microsoft designed for home and
office use.
It contains new updates on the GUI and visual style and also an improvement
in the search function.
Even though Windows Vista has been around for quite sometime, there is
some resistance in the uptake of Vista mainly due to the steep system
requirements needed to run the system reliably.
Also, some applications that run in Win XP are not compatible with Vista,
requiring some software companies to rework their applications to be Vista
compatible,
i.e. Photoshop CS2 in XP but Vista Photoshop CS3.
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22. ITEC 1010 Information and Organizations
Windows Vista
Intended to have enhanced
security by introducing a new
restricted user mode called User
Account Control.
One major difference between
Vista and earlier versions of
Windows, Windows 95 and later,
is that the original start button
was replaced with just the
Windows icon.
Vista also features new graphics
features, the Windows Aero GUI,
new applications
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23. ITEC 1010 Information and Organizations
Windows features
Long file names (up to 255
characters)
Plug and Play
Makes installing hardware
components easier
Object Linking and
Embedding (OLE)
Allows user to embed or link
one document to another
Word
Document
Excel Data
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24. ITEC 1010 Information and Organizations
Windows Family
Windows 9x
Windows 95
Windows 98
Windows Millennium Edition (ME)
Corporate Market
Windows NT (“New technology”)
Windows 2000
Windows 2003
Windows XP
Windows CE
Windows VISTA
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25. ITEC 1010 Information and Organizations
THANK YOU!
ARTI GAVAS FYBMM-UNIT I-COMPUTER
BASICS
25
