This document discusses water supply issues and risks in Lake Havasu City. It notes that while water is essential for life, mismanagement of resources has led to environmental degradation and shortage risks. The case of Lake Havasu City is examined, where a growing population faces challenges in securing sufficient water supply from the Colorado River in an arid climate. Issues include infrastructure problems, overuse, and the city exceeding its allocated water rights. Conservation efforts have made progress but future risks remain if supplies decrease or demands increase further.

1. Alzahrani 1
Shortage of Water Supply in Lake Havasu City and Associated
Risks to Water
The water, an indispensable resource for the survival of all
species, exerts a decisive influence on the quality of living.
However, the way water resources are used and managed has led
to a level of environmental degradation and to a risk of water
shortages that compromise the quality of life of future
generations. The researchers say that the water issues in the
twenty-first century is largely a management crisis rather a
genuine crisis of stress and scarcity (Gleick, 2000). However,
for other experts, it is a consequence of a number of ecological
problems compounded with other problems related to economic
as well as social expansion (Graff & Stroud 1-12). To Varis &
Somlyody (2006), the aggravation and the involvedness of water
predicament stem from actual availability as well as increased
demand problems, and a process of further sectoral management
and response to crises and problems without predictive attitude

2. and systemic approach. Matsumura-Tundisi & Tundisi (2008)
give emphasis to the need for an integrated, systemic as well as
predictive approach to water management with decentralization
to the watershed (Anderson, 2001). According to these authors,
a consolidated database and transformed in management can be
the most effective means to undertake the crisis of water
shortage, water pressure as well as deteriorating quality.
Considering the significance of the water crisis and its
mismanagement, the researcher has chosen the issue of shortage
of water supply in Lake Havasu City and associated risks to its
water (Graff & Stroud 11).
The primary aim and objective of this research study is to
evaluate the significance of water crisis in the Lake Havasu
City, and to know the cause of this water supply management
crisis. The researcher also has an objective to evaluate the risks
associated to the lake water.
The water, an indispensable resource for the survival of all
species, exerts a decisive influence on the quality of living.
However, the way water resources are used and managed has led
to a level of environmental degradation and to a risk of water
shortages that compromise the quality of life of future
generations (Westenburg et al., 2006. The case of Lake Havasu
is also similar like other miss management of water reserve
supply. This community living near the lake is positioned in the
western Arizona, wherever supply of water is a main concern.
Water reserve issues are mainly due the mismanagement of
local government management team and planner of the city
(Graff & Stroud 10-11).
The research work of Graff & Stroud (2010) has revealed
different causes of shortage of water. Graff & Stroud (2010)
point out that, in the wide social, environmental and economic
twenty-first century, the main processes and problems are the
major reasons of the “water crisis” are intense urbanization,

3. growing demand of water, growing the expulsion of polluted
water and with great demands for water supply and social and
economic development (Graff & Stroud 2-4). One of the main
reasons is stress and water scarcity in numerous parts of the
world because of changes in the availability and increased
demand (Kreamer19-29). Moreover, infrastructure and poor in
critical condition in many urban areas up to 30% of losses on
the network after the water treatment are also one of the main
reasons. The research work of Graff & Stroud (2010) say that
stress problems and shortages due to worldwide changes with
tremendous hydrological events growing vulnerability of human
population as well as affecting food security (heavy rains and
drought intense period), and problems with lack of coordination
as well as lack of constant actions in the governance of
environmental sustainability and water resources (Roberts et al.
68-73).
This situate of issues has dimensions at the local, continental,
regional, as well as planetary. These issues contribute to the
exacerbation and increase of the causes of contamination,
changing sources of water - springs - with scarcity as well as
reduced availability. Moreover, increased susceptibility of
human population because of contamination as well as difficult
way in to fine quality water (treated and potable) (Wiele et al.
21).
This paper, while using a case of Lake Havasu City, reveals
how pre-platted society is meeting a challenge of provision of a
sufficient water supply on a regular basis for a fast increasing
population in a tremendously dry environment, together with the
crisis of management and infrastructure of water supply
(Anderson 8).
The majority of Lake City’s ecological problems are frankly
attributable to the McCulloch’s preference of site. Lake City is
mainly susceptible to the flash floods, an issue that is hard to
ease. In reality, flooding issues are overblown for the reason
that the developers did not pursue the natural limits of this land

4. (Beland et al., 1954). Even though, developments have been
witnessed in the recent times, numerous homes are very close to
the washes as well as drainage lines, and a lot of roads cross the
washes without the bridges (Graff & Stroud 7-9).
Although infrequent flooding is common in the lake city but
still the significant problem is the shortage of water in the city.
The water shortage problem is a long term problem of the city.
Water supply restrictions are mainly severe at Lake City for the
reason that it resides in an unreceptive draw out of the desert,
where the rainfall is negligible as well as temperatures are
tremendously hot during the months of summer (City et al. 21).
The average of rainfall is approximately 5 inches/year;
furthermore summer temperatures frequently go beyond 115
degrees of F. This insensitive desert type of weather sustains
merely widely spaced little shrubs as well as cacti (Graff &
Stroud 6-9).
A standout amongst the most-important issues that must be
tended to by city authorities was the sensational increment in
the requirement for water to a great extent related with the lake
city’s development (Janik et al. 19-21). Shockingly, the lake
city’s whole water provision is constrained to a water
assignment built up by Bureau of Reclamation for the utilization
of the Colorado River water (Anderson 19). The City is
distributed around 25,180 sections of land feet, or around 8.2
billion gallons, of the water each year.
Issues linked with supply are expected to rise as the demand for
water keeps on growing, especially those urban communities
encountering fast population development. Luckily, the
immoderate pattern at Lake City portrays a slight decrease,
especially since the year 2002. Eventually, the present level of
utilization is a worry in perspective of restricted supplies and
the proceeded with dry season that torment the area (Marsh
&Papoulias 374-377). Projections show that water demand may
surpass the momentum designation if Lake City keeps on
encountering population development later on (Graff & Stroud

5. 11-12).
Lake City procured McDonnell and Burns, a building firm, for
help in managing their water reserve issues. In the year 1997,
the organization helped create and start the usage of an all-
inclusive strategy to supplant an interwoven of provincial septic
tanks with present day clean sewers, and to diminish the nitrate
levels that are saturating the groundwater. The firm additionally
started take a shot at a structure intended to improve Lake
Havasu City’s water supply. The city labored for a long time to
introduce sewer lines and another, cutting edge sewer treatment
plant to moderate the issues connected with water quality. At
the point when the venture is done in the year 2011, more or
less 90 % of the metropolis will be associated with a focal
sewer framework, at an expense of around $423 million
(Roberts et al. 68-73).
The Water Management Plan of the Lake City likewise
incorporates essential methodologies to acquire extra water and
endeavors to expand protection. Protection and reuse are to a
great degree imperative on the grounds that the quantity of extra
supplies or new wellsprings of water are in reality constrained.
These endeavors, large portions of which are incorporated in the
city’s arrangements for the future, will do much to move the
city toward water asset manageability (Graff & Stroud 11-12).
This research of Roberts et al. (2004) reviews the research
findings of ecological surveys to evaluate carbon monoxide
exposure in Lake Havasu located in Arizona. The researcher has
revealed that the travelers who are enjoying boating in
Bridgewater canal of the Havasu Lake in 1997 up to 2002 are
poisoning the lake city by Non Fatal and the fatal cases
concerning the CO; pervasiveness of the reported symptoms
among the municipal employees; and Concentration of carbon
monoxide obtained during ambient air examining (Graff &
Stroud 10-11). The researcher has also explored that during the
period of February 1997 to August 2002, 2 fatal with 6 non-
fatal different cases of the CO poisoning happened in travelers
who were involved in boating nearly the Lake Havesu.

6. Moreover, author also discloses that in 2003, a consulting firm
also requested to review carbon monoxide exposure in the canal
during the period of 23-26 May (Kreamer19-29).
The researcher has analyzed the discoveries of the studies,
which recorded unnecessary carbon monoxide presentation and
affirmed the health danger among representatives and
vacationers working in waterway close swarmed speedboat
social events (Graff & Stroud 4-6).
Luckily, Lake Havasu City has taken a dynamic part in
lessening the excessive utilization of water. The most
sensational diminishments in water utilization are thought to be
an immediate aftereffect of evaluating structure updates and
estimating increments. Before the presentation of the prolonged
scale-rate structure, water was generally modest. All out
utilization per capita started to decline somewhere around the
years 2002 as well as 2003, and it kept on declining to more or
less around 220 GPCD (per capita use in gallons every day) in
the year 2008 (Anderson 5-7). This decline is ascribed to the
aggregate impacts of the end of the McCulloch assembling plant
(a previous client of a lot of water) and an estimating structure
that charges higher rates as water utilization increase (Hanley &
Brady 314-316). Luckily, private utilization, which is seventy
percent of the city’s aggregate utilization, diminished to
underneath 170 GPCD in 2004. Except for a slight increment in
water use in 2006, levels at or beneath 170 gpcd proceeded
through the year 2008 (Graff & Stroud 4-9).
At long last, the city has built up transient water protection
objectives for the 5-year period from the year 2006 to the year
2010 (Graff & Stroud 2-9). The general objectives that stretched
out through 2010 reveals to decrease the aggregate water
utilization rate to between around 240-220 GPCD through the 5-
year protection period, and also to implement the “Moderate the
Flow” crusade. The objectives also emphasize to increase open
attention to the water shortfall that Lake City will involvement
in the impending years because of population development and

7. anticipated Colorado River water deficiencies (Trammell et al.
68-73). Furthermore, emphasizes to reduce summer-season
water utilization by ten percent or more (Graff & Stroud 3-7)
and to target the private client bunch with particular projects
intended to reduce general use.
This research has revealed the significance of making provision
for the water supply inside pre-platted groups. Potential issues
for the future incorporate challenging demands on effectively
constrained supplies, the humiliation of existing wellsprings of
supply from sudden pollution sources, or a significant ascent in
the demand for water from quick population development. These
and other potential issues highlight the significance of water
reserves management and planning that incorporates assurance
of existing sources and a continuous quest for new wellsprings
of supply and inventive preservation strategies.
The circumstance at Lake City gives an evidence of the need to
view water-asset issues in a provincial setting. This is
amazingly critical on the grounds that population development
in urban areas, for example, Las Vegas could affect water
accessibility in the Lower Colorado Basin if more prominent
volumes of water are occupied to upstream clients.
The seriousness of the circumstance is represented at Lake City,
where inhabitants have couple of alternatives for getting new
water if the stream of the Colorado River lessens, if the city
surpasses its designation of 25, 180 section of land feet every
year, or if the central government decreases the allotment to
Lake Havasu City. As an intends to adapt to this intense
circumstance, city authorities are attempting to get extra water
rights, build water protection, and expand the utilization of
recycled water. Since water supplies are so constrained, these
endeavors and more are expected to guarantee sufficient water
supplies later on.
Works Cited
Anderson, Bernard E. The socio-economic impacts of the Lake

8. Havasu Fisheries Improvement Program.Anderson & Associates,
2001.pp. 1-9.
Baker, John R., and Larry J. Paulson. "The effects of limited
food availability on the striped bass fishery in Lake Mead."
(1983): 551.pp. 2-10.
Beland, R. D. "Report on the fishery of the Lower Colorado
River: the Lake Havasu fishery." Calif. Dep. Fish (1954). pp. 5-
11.
City, Lake Havasu. "General Plan 2002: Land Use Element,
Lake Havasu City." Arizona. August (2002): 14.
Graff, Thomas O., and Hubert B. Stroud. "Water resource
problems within pre-platted communities in the United States:
the case of Lake Havasu City, Arizona." (2010). Pp. 1-12.
Hanley, Thomas A., and Ward W. Brady. "Feral burro impact on
a Sonoran Desert range." Journal of Range Management (1977):
374-377.
Janik, Jeffrey John. "The role of nannoplankton in the
phytoplankton dynamics of four Colorado River reservoirs
(Lakes Powell, Mead, Mohave, and Havasu)." (1984).
Kreamer, David K. "The effect of the Central Arizona Project
on the thermal structure of Lake Havasu." (1976).pp. 19-29.
Marsh, PAUL C., and D. Papoulias. "Ichthyoplankton of Lake
Havasu, a Colorado River impoundment, Arizona-
California." California Fish and Game75.2 (1989): 68-73.
Roberts, P., et al. "Carbon monoxide poisonings resulting from
open air exposures to operating motorboats-Lake Havasu City,
Arizona, 2003."Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report 53.15
(2004): 314-316.
Trammell, M., et al. "Humpback chub translocation to Havasu
Creek, Grand Canyon National Park: implementation and
monitoring plan." Natural Resource Report NPS/GRCA/NRR–
2012/586. National Park Service, Fort Collins, CO. Available: h
ttp://www. nature. nps. gov/publications/nrpm/nrr. cfm (2012).
Westenburg, Craig L., Don P. Harper, and Guy Andrew
DeMeo.Evapotranspiration by Phreatophytes Along the Lower
Colorado River at Havasu National Wildlife Refuge, Arizona.

9. US Geological Survey, 2006.
Wiele, Stephen M., et al. Sediment transport in the Bill
Williams River and turbidity in Lake Havasu during and
following two high releases from Alamo Dam, Arizona, in 2005
and 2006. No. 2009-5195. US Geological Survey, 2009.