The Importance Of Water Resources In Africa

The Importance Of Water Resources In Africa
Water is one of the vital resources required by every living organism, yet a large percentage of the
earth's people do not have access to an adequate and constant supply of water. In the developing
world, many rural communities are located in water scarce areas, where there is uneven distribution
of hydrological resources and economic and/or political barriers to pipe and distribute water from
the ground or surface (UN, 2014). People living in developing and under developed countries live
with unsanitary conditions where their everyday survival is the main concern. They are exposed to
drought, famine and death as a result of water–borne diseases come from unclean water sources and
food shortage as a result of inability of land to grow crops. The problem of accessing fresh water
will be more costly and difficult and it has become more wide even in developed countries
(Rosegrant et al., 2002). Climate change and a developing water resource interest for agricultural
and urban development are increasing the pressure on water resources and variability of the
hydrological regime. By the year 2020 between 75 and 250 million people will be exposed to highly
increased water stress in Africa, in some regions of the continent, 50% of yield and agricultural
production will become more severely compromised as a result of food shortage (Ammar et al.,
2016). Natural disaster, climate change and dramatic increase of human population, effect on food
security, human and animal health,
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Water Management Approaches And Techniques For Sustainable...
1.0 Sustainable Hydrology 'Sustainability' is a way of meeting the needs of people and enhancing
human well–being without negatively impacting the environment. Sustainable hydrology therefore
involves series of water management practices and infrastructural designs that ensure general public
have access to clean and safe water (EPA, 2015). It involves all aspects of projects and practices
related to management of water resources and storm water management. 2.0 What can the society do
to achieve sustainable hydrology? Our freshwater resources are limited and face mounting pressures
from drought, flooding, pollution, population growth, and competition from many uses (e.g.,
ecosystem protection, drinking water, agriculture, energy production, recreation) (EPA, 2014). There
is a need therefore for governments at all levels, partnering with communities to develop, encourage
and implement new technologies and other water conservation practices that can help protect,
improve the condition of our water resources. This paper focused on some widely accepted
innovative technologies, water management approaches and techniques for sustainable use of water
resources. Discussed in the following sections are some widely used water conservation and
wastewater management practices to achieving sustainable hydrology. 3.0. Source Protection This
involves taking essential actions to ensure that source water is as clean as possible in order to reduce
the risk of contaminants and pathogens in

Water Resources Management Response Paper
For this assignment, I chose my home in Coastal Georgia. This area includes Brunswick (city and
rural areas), St. Simons Island, Jekyll Island and Sea Island. I have had the privilege of contacting
our County Commissioner, Dale Provenzano, formally a board member for the Joint Water and
Sewer Commission, to enlighten me in the areas of water sourcing, demand, challenges, and
solution recommendations. Existing Water Sources and Water Demand in the Area The water
supplied to the Coastal Georgia Regions, including Savannah and Kingsland, come from the North
Floridian Aquifer. There are 2 parts to the North Floridian Aquifer, an upper and a lower; our water
is drawn from the lower aquifer (bgjwsc.org). The North Floridian Aquifer is actually ... Show more
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For the saltwater plumes, a saltwater plume is a horizontally moving body of saline fluid that is
contained in the larger, fresh body of water. The plumes come about when there is heavy retraction
from the aquifers resulting in a saltwater intrusion. In order to keep the plume from reaching any of
the retraction sites, or wells, we must keep a close eye on the pumping amounts at each well. For
instance, Georgia Pacific shuts their machinery down for two weeks every summer, this causes the
plume to shift from the middle of two well sites to the well site being used the most. This can cause
the quality of the water to lessen as the taste will become salty and bitter. While there is an unlimited
supply of water coming from the aquifer, the rate at which the water is being retracted can cause the
water to become tainted with plumes, among many other problems and

Economic, Social, And Environmental Importance Of Water...
The economic, social, and environmental importance of water resources cannot be overstated. Water
is a vital resource, critical for healthy living conditions and sound ecosystems. Drinking water, food
production, energy supply, and industrial development are dependent on water availability. (P. G.
Whitehead, 2014). So far, the rising demands associated with rapid population growth and economic
expansion, global changes place increasing pressure on this fragile and finite resource. This is
already evidenced at the sectoral level by unsatisfactory and inadequate supplies, at the national
level, by competing demands between sectors, and at the international level, by conflicts or the
threat thereof between nations sharing transboundary water resources. The situation is expected to
worsen, with a quarter of the world's population predicted to face severe water scarcity in the next
25 years, even during years of average rainfall (Schiff and winters, 2002). Meanwhile climate
change have led to an intensification of the hydrological cycle, resulting in drier dry seasons and
wetter rainy seasons, and subsequently heightened risks of more extreme and frequent floods and
drought. Many natural systems are being affected by global, regional and local climate change and
increased temperature (IPCC, 2014). The Hindu Kush Himalayan (HKH) region do stand–in as a
water tower of south Asia owed to reside of high concentration of snow and glaciers at the
watershed. The melt of snow and

The Importance Of Water Resources In China
China's ability to cope with its limited fresh water resources may be the greatest determining factor
in the nation's future prosperity as well as the wellbeing of the Chinese people. Though not entirely
without freshwater reserves, the mere size of the nation's population dictates that China fails to be a
water abundant country. Recent decades' rapid development, inefficient water usage, and pollution
have given way to a severe and growing water crisis. As a key component of the government's effort
to refocus the economy on a more sustainable model of development, further urbanization will only
exacerbate this already severe water issue. In the coming years, China's expanding cities – the center
pieces of the recent phase of growth and prosperity – are estimated to grow by millions in
population. It is crucial that this path to development is accompanied by ensuring the availability of
safe, clean water to both urban and rural citizens.
The country's water challenge, while universally felt, the degree as well as expounding contributing
factors appear to vary regionally. While freshwater resources are concentrated in the southern
regions of China, the reforms of the 1980's resulted in rapid growth of urban clusters in the eastern
and northern regions, resulting in water use being uneven across the country. These growing
Chinese cities rely on groundwater, which is being overexploited by the increasingly dense
population and industrialization. China's agricultural

Sci275 Water Resource Plan
Water Resource Plan
Axia College of University of Phoenix
Water pollution has become a major problem in our water sources. People think that when they litter
or dump in our waters that their little contribution will not hurt anything, but everyone's little
contributions add up to some major problems. Our water ecosystems and the species that reside in
them are being destroyed and we need to take the steps necessary to stop this. Why would anyone
use the source of most of the world's food as a dumping ground for garbage? People need to start
realizing what it is they are doing when they do not take the proper steps to dispose of their garbage
and the problems they are making for the future. Water pollution can come from many ... Show
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It will not have any affects on the surrounding communities that reside amongst the rivers and lakes
and will not be any kind of annoyance or inconvenience to their neighbors. It will only be there to
help and nothing but benefits will come from it. My only hope is that we can stop this polluting of
our waters before it is too late. It is only a matter of time before these pollutants start affecting the
food that we fish out of these waters and put into our bodies. Who is to say that a contaminated fish
would not in turn make the person that eats that fish sick as well. It is already fact that 40% of
America's rivers and 46% of America's lakes are already too polluted for fishing, swimming, or
aquatic life. (Grinningplanet.com) Let's take the steps to make sure that percentage does not get any
worse.
References
Grinningplanet.com. (2005) Water Pollution Causes. Retrieved on February 21, 2010, from
http://www.grinningplanet.com/2005/09–06/water–pollution–causes–article.htm
Grinningplanet.com. (2005) Water Pollution Facts. Retrieved on February 21, 2010, from
http://www.grinningplanet.com/2005/07–26/water–pollution–facts–article.htm
Water–pollution.org. (2008) The causes of Water Pollution. Retrieved on February 21, 2010, from

Problems Associated With Water Resources
Water is a basic necessity in our daily lives. Over 50% of our bodies are made up of water, so in
order to be a healthy human being we should be consuming about 2 liters of water a day. This is
easy to do for some people, especially those who live in more developed countries such as the
United States of America. This can't be said for developing countries, such as Algeria. Considering
that the Sahara Desert covers most of Algeria, it is one of the countries that are water–scarce. The
water sector in Algeria is very unreliable particularly due to its geography and climate change.
These impacts are causing problems for future water resources. Water resources are one of Algeria's
most current issues and dealing with the decrease in renewable water resources. This is problematic
because the declining water resources means Algerians lack access to safe, clean drinking water,
which can lead to diseases if people are consuming contaminated water. Also with limited/declining
water resources there are issues with hunger and sanitation. There isn't enough water for agriculture
and the production of crops. It's important to address the issue of water scarcity and implement
solutions that will better the supply of water. Algeria's renewable water resources in the 1980's were
estimated to be about 16.5 billion m3 a year on average, but since then Algeria's numbers have
decreased 25% per year (Hamiche 2014). In 2012 Algeria's water availability dropped below the
scarcity threshold

Water Is The Precious Resource On Earth
Introduction/Thesis Water is without a doubt the most precious resource on Earth; it is not only
essential to the survival of our planet, but it is also essential to the survival of human beings and
animals. As humans, we need access to clean water for several reasons, including physical,
environmental, and industrial conditions. However, the most crucial aspect of clean water is our
survival. Sixty percent of the human adult body consists of water, and it is vital in order for our
bodies to function properly (The USGS Water Science School, 2016). A body can survive up to a
month without food, but without water it can only survive about one week (All About Water, 2004).
Unfortunately, water is a scarce resource, and there are about 1.1 billion people around the world
without access to clean drinking water (World Water Council, 2016). As a result, we have declared a
global water crisis and initiated a change to allow access to every human being on Earth. All around
the globe people are striving to find ways to mend the global water crisis, but as the population
rapidly increases, it becomes a problematic task. The following analyzation of the global water crisis
will explain facts on the importance of clean water, the lack of access to water, diseases and
environmental issues associated with unclean water and water shortages, and what we are doing to
fix the global shortage of sanitary water around the world.
Why Do We Need Water? There are numerous reasons as to why we

Are Christians Destroying The World's Water Resource?
Are Christians destroying the world's water resource? Christians need to feel obligated to clean up
the world's water resource. Christians need to understand the importance of clean water and all the
living things that rely on it, the danger of chemical waste, the negative effects humans have on the
environment, and to preserve water not just on a physical level but on a spiritual level.
The world's water resource is such a valuable resource to not only humankind but to animal and
marine life as well. Clean water is the key to the survival of all marine life. Humans and land
animals need this to drink water to sustain life. Even land vegetation needs clean water to live.
Without clean water, everything will cease to exist.
This very important resource is rapidly being contaminated with chemical waste and trash. Chemical
waste comes from many different sources like factories and ocean vessels. These two examples
dump oil and hazardous waste into the earth water resources every single day. Chemical ... Show
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There are over 1 million discovered species of marine life including animals and plants that live in
the ocean, and some scientist believes over 9 million have yet to be discovered. That's a lot of
different species that rely on unpolluted water to stay healthy and survive. 6.5 million Species of
land animals rely on fresh water to survive. Humans rely on the consumption of clean water to
survive. In the US Alone, the populations consume roughly 10 million gallons of drinking water
daily.
The amount of water pollution is growing rapidly. 80 percent of all water pollution comes from land
and enters our lakes, streams, and oceans. Millions of cars leak antifreeze, oil, and gasoline every
day that runs off into the main water source. More than one–third of the shellfish–growing waters of
the United States are adversely affected by coastal pollution. Nations spend millions of dollars on
cleanup in our local lakes, streams, and

The Development Of Integrated Water Resources
The UNDP/GWP Project developed a questionnaire to assess the level of access to clean water and
sanitation in Kazakhstan. This questionnaire was part of the development of Integrated Water
Resources (IWRM) part of whose overall aim was to "develop the strategy for the achievement of
the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) for Water Supply and Sanitation" (UNDP/GWP, 2005,
pg 2). The questionnaire was specifically designed to address MDG7, target 10 which is to 'Halve by
the year 2015, the proportion of people without sustainable access to safe drinking water and
sanitation" (UNDP, 2004, pg 3). There were many methodological problems with the questionnaire
produced (UNDP/GWP, 2005) including selection process, cultural bias, validity, ... Show more
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De Vaus (2002) mentions that the value of surveys is in "that we collect information about the same
variables or characteristics... and end up with a data grid... Since the same information is collected
from each case the cases are directly comparable" (pg3). The technique used by the UNDP/GWP
(2005) group did not address the same questions to every participant. Thus the extracted data is not
strictly comparable. This also means the number of participants, 7515 or 0.05% of 15 million
population, is misleading since not every participant answered each question, and the raw data did
not include how many times each question was asked (UNDP/GWP, 2005). A study is only reliable
if it is possible to replicate the evidence for the same situation (Simons, 2014, pg 76).
The interview averaged over 20 minutes, with approximately 30 interviews in each area. This made
the questionnaire time consuming for the interviewer and interviewee (UNDP/GWP, 2005). This
length of questionnaire can become less engaging, leading to a drop in data quality. This could affect
later questions suffering from a 'fatigue bias'; when survey participants become tired of answering
the questions and may refuse to answer any more questions (Parfitt, 2005). As the level of
processing required to answer the question decreases, the quality of data provided deteriorates, more
perfunctory answers and less detailed answers are given

The Natural Resources Of Fresh Water
No More Fresh Water
The earth has many different natural resources that it is made up of. Some of these resources include
oxygen, soil, food, and most of all water. However, one of them is increasingly becoming scarce and
it is a problem that not everybody is aware of. This resource is water, but not just regular water or
salt water, fresh water. The earth is made up of 70% water. Out of that 70%, only 2.5% is fresh
water which is mostly locked up in ice caps and glaciers. The amount of fresh water on earth that is
from the surface is only 1.3% (Powers). Fresh water is the main source for so many different uses
and not a lot of people realize that it is slowly draining. Without fresh water, many of our everyday
tasks would not be able to be completed, which is why it is a major issue. Fresh water is used for
drinking, cooking, cleaning, agriculture, and industry. Will we run out of fresh water? Some believe
that the earth will never run out of fresh water because there is a large quantity of it. However, I
argue that the earth will run out of fresh water. By making a causal argument, I claim that the earth
is running out of fresh water due to aquifers running out of water from the increasing population on
earth and climate changes that occur and due to the government not taking responsibility for water
management. To begin, the earth is running out of fresh water due to the population increase on
earth. With almost seven billion people on the planet and slowly

Improper And Inadequate Development Of Water Resources Essay
The improper and inadequate development of water resources in poor countries is causing damage
to the essential ecosystem as well as greatly affecting the condition of the environment. The water
being collected and the water that is released back to the ecosystem are not even comparable in any
sense. The lack of treatment leading to increased release of harmful contaminants directly into the
rivers is clearly interrupting the ecosystem (Molden November 2012). Many from other rural areas
are constantly migrating to the big cities to gain access to fresh water and causing rapid
urbanization, which is in turn becoming an even bigger threat to the ecosystem. Under these
situations, the economic condition of the Global South cannot be improved, as this will be a
continuous fight to remain on top. Thus a sustainable developmental plan is necessary to gain back
the control over fresh water. The paper will discuss a few major issues with water and the
environment, and try to suggest ways to improve the conditions for a better future both
environmentally and economically in the global south. Water and Economy The seventh UN
Secretary General Kofi Annan in 2001 said "fierce competition for fresh water may well become a
source for conflict and wars in the future". While the World Economic Forum listed water supply
crisis as a top item in the list of global risks. A rapidly developing nation like China is ample proof
of this fact, where they lose $15 billion every year due to reduction

Human Influence Of Water Resources In The United States
Homework #1
Luke McKinney
GEO1110 Geology
Mrs. Macenczak
8 February 2017
From a geological perspective, our future water supply is limited since the human influences on the
issue is making it harder and harder for us to get fresh drinking water. Fresh water, or drinking
water, can be found at the surface of various landscapes. It can also be found below the surface of
the earth in creviced rocks, saturated zones of groundwater, and underground caverns, or wells. We
often take water for granted since many view it as an ever renewable resource.
Areas of our world have extreme varying levels of water availability. All one has to do is watch the
evening news and see footage of droughts and flooding only hundreds of miles from one another. ...
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Internalizing that can produce the idea that we will never run out of water. That may be true, but
what concerns scientists of many fields is that the water is safe, clean, and suitable for people to use
it without fear. Climate plays an important role in the future of our water but using the geological
perspective can also give a different insight as to how humans can find water sources that will
continue to meet the demands of the world's growing population and its

Water Is The Greatest Basic Natural Resources
Water is the greatest basic natural resource. For plants and animals alike, water is vital for life,
making up as much as 65% of the human body (90% of an infant's body). It also provide habitat for
fish and animals, refuge, food, navigation, electricity and mechanical power, as well as coolant, a
waste stream, and prospects for recreation. No body of water, however, can support all of these
different usages without suffering some degree of disturbance: under poor management, disturbance
may result from even one primary use. (Perry & Vanderklein, 1996). In Canberra, the foremost
unsustainable wicked problem that the Sullivans creek catchment is experiencing at the moment is
the deteriorating of water quality, which relatively affects the ... Show more content on
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Eutrophication is defined as the natural ageing process of natural body of water, generally
understood to refer to enrichment of water systems by nutrients, notably phosphorus and nitrogen,
and to the improved production of algal and higher plant biomass that the added nutrient loads
stimulate (Reynolds, 1992). Customarily, the eutrophication is a natural phenomenon, but during the
past decades, the word 'eutrophication' has been frequently used to signify the artificial and
unwanted addition of plant nutrients to waterbodies (Ryding & Rast, 1989). Eutrophication is a
process whereby water bodies, such as lakes, estuaries, or slow moving streams receive extra
nutrients that stimulate unnecessary plant growth (periphyton attached algae, algae, and nuisance
plants weeds). This boosted plant growth, regularly called an algal bloom, reduces dissolved oxygen
in the water when dead plant material decays and can frequently cause other water biota (fish in
particular) to perish. Nutrients can come from many sources, such as: fertilizers applied to
agricultural fields, suburban lawns, and deposition of nitrogen from the atmosphere, erosion of soil
containing nutrients and sewage treatment plant discharges. In the simplest definition,
Eutrophication is the decreasing of the water quality within a body of water (Henry, 1993).
Accelerated eutrophication of water ecosystems, as a direct

An Project On Water Resources
Objective: This project focuses on water resources in the region of ancient Eastern Arabia at the site
of As Safah, Oman. This site has archaeological evidence of metallurgical activities in the Iron Age
(c. 900–600 BCE), like kilns, furnaces and metal objects, still in very good condition. However, the
site is very far away from any natural water sources in the present day. Excavators did find sediment
and fluvial deposits suggesting that occasionally in the past the site had an inflow of water (Genchi,
Giardino, and Castelluccia 8). The objective of this project was to use satellite imagery to
understand why this site was chosen for intensive metal production despite it distance from water,
necessary for metal production. This ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Later that year and throughout 2013, excavators worked on the site, conducting surveys and digging
test trenches. Excavators found kilns and furnaces, layers of floor, and metal objects, like ax heads,
swords, daggers, and sledgehammer heads in very good condition. Excavators believe it is a very
well preserved site because of the formation and rapid movement of the desert sands which covered
up the site relatively quickly after it was abandoned (Genchi, Giardino, and Castelluccia 3–4). Sites
with similar metal deposits dating to approximately the same time have been found in the region, at
Ibri, for example, 50 km west of As Safah (Yule 39–40). The site itself has been delineated into As
Safah 1 and 2 based upon the deposit of material found on either side of a large dune belt (Genchi,
Giardino, and Castelluccia 3). As Safah 1 measures approximately 80,000 m2 and As Safah 2
measures approximately 17 hectares (Genchi, Giardino, and Castelluccia 11). The surrounding area
is made up of a wadi and dune deposits and the annual precipitation is less than 50 mm. As a result,
large amounts of rainfall will cause flash floods in this and surrounding low areas (Genchi,
Giardino, and Castelluccia 5–6). The site does not appear to be close to a fruitful water source. The
entire region is hyperarid and not conducive to farming. The rain comes erratically by the year, some
years being better than others (Potts 165). The location does offers other advantages which

Global Warming On Water Resources
This paper presents scientific briefing about "Conservation of Water Resource in Republic of
Tajikistan to the Committee of Environmental Protection under the Government of Tajikistan. This
paper will explore country's profile on water resources. Moreover, it will discuss impacts of Global
Warming on water resources in Tajikistan, and present possible solution for water resources
management.
Overview: Tajikistan is one of the world's vulnerable regions to climate change, specifically to the
effects of increase in temperature, change in rainfall patterns, and increase in dryness [1]. Given the
country's high sensitivity to the climate change, there is a higher need for implementing policies and
strategies in order to conserve water resources.
The country is one of the most freshwater– rich countries in the world, where the water is a vital
resource, and important economic asset both in regional and national settings. The country is also
very rich in natural resources such as water, coal, oil, gas, mercury, gold, silver, salt, limestone,
marble and clay [6]. Moreover, Tajikistan is wealthy in biodiversity, which consist of around 23,000
species of flora and fauna, of which are about 1900 are endemic [6 . Additionally, Tajikistan is
famous for its medicinal, thermal and mineral water resources, however only 30% are used.
Water Resources: Tajikistan has 1000 rivers with length exceeding 10 km. The country has a
significant number reserves of groundwater, which are all found

Climate Change Has Affected Water Resources
Climate change is one of the major environmental concerns in society today. It has involved
scientists from all fields, politicians from all aspects and even the 'common' citizen. As much as it is
a major talk among people, some individuals however are not convinced that climate change is
actually taking place. So scientists have gone on to do studies and provide empirical evidence that
indeed climate change is taking place. Some of the areas that climate change has affected include; an
increase in global temperatures hence global warming, rising of sea levels and frequencies of flood
cases. One of the fields that scientists have focused on to study, is how climate change has affected
water resources both in terms of quality and quantity. This paper will therefore look at the empirical
evidence provided by scientists of various fields on the extent to which climate change has affected
water resources in Canada in terms of quality and quantity and some of the changes that have been
done and undergoing to manage water resources. To determine how climate change has affected
water resources, we have first have to look at the amount of water in the last decade and how that
has changed today. According to Cornea and Roca (2011), the estimated amount of water present in
the world is about 1.4 billion cubic kilometres (p.427). However, due to global warming, the
researchers suggest that "rising in global temperatures has led to the intensification of the
hydrological cycle,

The California Drought And The Proper Allocation Of Water...
The California Drought and the Proper Allocation of Water Resources
Intro:
The state of California is in the midst of a five year drought. The results of which are beginning to
reek havoc on the state's municipalities, farms and wetland habitats. If the state continues as is
supporting in thirsty agricultural industries, towns and cities at current levels, not only will this
exacerbate already tenuous water supply problem within the state it will have ripple affects
throughout the South West. Surrounding states will have to adopt even more stringent restriction for
farms, cities and industries which may have further calamitous economic results. However, the most
difficult questions like proper allocation or modifying water rights have yet to be answered and
likely will not be resolved before California's water situation worsens. Last April standing in front of
a snowpack at just 5% of normal levels, Governor Jerry Brown declared the drought in California
has reached a crisis level and instituted state–wide water restriction for towns, cities and
municipalities. He called for a 25% reduction of water usage by urging Californians flush less, take
shorter showers, and let lawns turn brown. Although agriculture accounts for roughly 80%
(Northern California Water Association) of all human consumption of water this industry was
exempted any restriction by the governor. With a drought which shows no sign of letting up,
powerful farm and environmental lobbies, difficult to

The Importance Of Water Resources In China
China's ability to deal with its limited water resources may perhaps be the greatest determining
factor in the future prosperity of the nation as well as wellbeing of the Chinese people. Though not
entirely without freshwater reserves, the sheer size of the nation's population dictates that China has
always failed to be a water abundant country. Recent decades' rapid development, inefficient water
usage, and pollution have birthed a severe and growing water crisis. As a key component of the
government's effort to refocus the economy on a more sustainable model of development,
urbanization will only exacerbate this already severe water issue. In the coming years, China's cities
– the backbone of the recent phase of growth and prosperity – will grow by millions in population. It
is crucial that this path to development is followed while ensuring the availability of safe, clean
water to both urban and rural citizens.
The country's water challenge, while universally felt, does vary from region to region. While
freshwater resources are concentrated in the southern and western regions of China, the reforms of
the 1980's resulted in rapid growth of urban clusters in the eastern and northern regions, resulting in
water use being uneven across the country. The growing Chinese cities rely on groundwater, which
is being overexploited by the increasingly dense population. China's agricultural needs also present
a substantial drain on the country's water resources. China's land

The Effects Of Hydrology And Environment On Water...
Statement of Grant Purpose
Mohammad Shafi "Danishyar", Afghanistan, Water Resources Engineering
As we all know that water is a synonym for life and aside from the security issues, my country's
economy is badly impacted by the issues related to lack of water resources. According to estimation
by World Bank, Afghanistan's current population is about 32 million, which will increase to nearly
60 million by the year 2055. Such an increase will raise demand on the country's already stressed
water resources. In addition, a recent research by the United Nations suggests that global climate
change could eventually alter precipitation patterns in Afghanistan. This change will affect in
particular, both the amount and the timing of snowfall received at higher elevations, impacting the
major water sources for many areas in the country.
The water crises in my country further solidified my interest in pursuing my career in Water
Resources Engineering, especially studying the impacts of hydrology and environment on water
resources and vice versa. Afghanistan has 80 billion cubic meters (bcm) of potentially available
renewable water resources annually, of which 58 bcm is surface water and 22 bcm ground water.
Annual water use for irrigation is 25 bcm, drawn mostly from surface water. My hometown, Farah
province is one of the most agricultural provinces in Afghanistan. But sadly enough due to years of
drought and lack of water resources the economy of the entire province has badly been

Water Resource Management ( Wrm )
Introduction: Water is extremely vital for all forms of life, from microorganisms to humans to
ecosystems alike. Water is a key factor in driving economic and social development within
countries, impacting agriculture, energy, sanitation and health, gender equality etc (World Bank,
2014). For these reasons humans have invested an abundant amount of time, labor, and money into
perfecting water infrastructures in an effort to provide water services for populations worldwide.
Water resource management (WRM) goal is to manage and allocate water resources in a manner that
satisfies the demand of domestic, agricultural and industrial water sectors. Often left out of the
equation is the water demand needed for ecosystem sustainability. WRM ... Show more content on
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Ecosystem Services: Aquatic ecosystems play a pivotal role for living organisms, providing life–
supporting services, along with valuable goods and services for society. Aquatic ecosystems are able
to decrease flood damages by storing season floodwaters. They supply humans with water for
domestic, agricultural, and industrial sectors and aid in recharging groundwater supplies, which is an
essential source of potable water. Furthermore, the recharging of groundwater aids in drought
mitigation. Freshwater ecosystems play a similar role to water treatment plants in that they filter out
pollutants and purify water. They support a variety of plant and animal life, which ultimately creates
a robust food chain, supporting human and wildlife consumption. Wetlands reduce greenhouse gas
emissions by storing carbon dioxide rather than releasing it into the atmosphere. As mentioned
above, ecosystems help mitigate water–related disasters. Aquatic ecosystems provide nutrients to
estuaries, river deltas, and maintain soil fertility. Additionally, by delivering freshwater, freshwater
ecosystems are able to maintain salinity balances within estuaries (Postel, 2008; SRWP, 2007; GWP,
n.d.).
Water Demand for Ecosystem/Environmental Flow Requirements: Aquatic ecosystems rely on water
to survive and if the amount of water they rely on dwindles, the ecosystem becomes negatively
impacted and the services they provide will

The Accessible Water Resources The World Took For Granted
Melanie Marquez Professor Menton English 1 December 14, 2015 The Accessible Water Resources
the World Took for Granted Currently, "only 2.5 to 3 percent of all the natural water sources
available on Earth are composed of fresh water" as written by Paul Alois, a researcher and writer for
The World Bank. Alois continues, "less than 1 percent is easily accessible for human use" due to
most of the natural water sources being unaccessible. As the global population grows, the
environment keeps changing, and over usage of water sources continues, freshwater sources are
only going to deplete even further. Consequently, "2 billion people lack access to clean water" and
more than 80 countries are presently suffering from water scarcity as reported ... Show more content
on Helpwriting.net ...
Robert Glenton, Professor of Law and Public Policy at the Rogers College of Law, states that "the
population of the United States has surged from 285 to 322 million" since 2000. According to
Glenton, the american population increases by over 180,000 residents annually. Furthermore,
Glenton adds that "In 2000, Americans used a staggering 408 billion gallons of water each day."
Utilizing the given statistics, it's safe to assume that the number of gallons being used by american
daily have increased tremendously. Yet, these numbers are dramatically different if compared with
less–developed countries. In an article written by Mark Fischetti, an author for The Scientific
American, Fischetti demonstrates that "The U.S had the highest per capita water footprint, at 2,842
cubic meters per year." However, India's footprint is "only 1,089 cubic meters a year." Comparing
the population of the U.S (322 million) to the population of India (1.252 billion), it's clear that a
more developed nation takes advantage of it's water resources. As a result of more privileged nations
taking their water resources for granted, it has

Advantages And Disadvantages Of Integrated Water Resource...
Integrated Water Resources Management
There have been several interpretations as well as critisms with the concept of Integrated Water
Resources Management (IWRM). For instance, Biswas (2008) criticize that the concept cannot be
implemented operationally. However, Mitchell B (2004) finds it to be greater at the normative (what
ought to be) and strategic (what can be) level which may result to the provision of different
framework for different types of approaches.
Placht (2007) said that IWRM is a principle intended as guide in project planning. However, the
widely used definition of IWRM is the one formulated by Global Water Partnership (GWP) which
defined IWRM as "a process that promotes the co–ordinated development and management of
water, ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Through IWRM concept, there is a way or process that can be followed in managing water
resources, though not necessarily applicable to all countries, and even still with some limitations and
questions.
As a progress in water resource management, IWRM improves traditional approaches. In contrast to
the traditional water resources management approach, IWRM scopes and proceeds in an integrated
manner versus sectoral/project focus scope. IWRM approaches problem solving taking into
consideration all related sectors as oppose to traditional that focuses on sectoral need and benefit.
Conflicts are resolved not only within users but within uses too. Finally, with broad participation of
stakeholders as oppose to limited participation only.
In a nutshell, IWRM is a well conceptualized principle backed with well written definition, accepted
and heavily promoted by funding agencies. With this it attracts many doubts and criticism, in its
every aspect. However, if IWRM is too beautiful yet too impossible to implement, what could be the
best or alternative water management approach that could work both for the present and the future?
If IWRM has some gaps and comes with some doubts, cannot it be

Exploring Conserving Arizona Water Resource
Unit 8 Assignment Conserving Arizona Water Resource Robert Etheridge Kaplan University
Conserving Arizona Water Resource Arizona 's need to conserve water should be a top priority for it
is a vital resource that we as humans need in order to survive. Water is such a huge resource it does
not just help keep everyone hydrates but it also helps with growing other resources like vegetation to
produce food for all of society. When it comes to the average use of water per person per day, most
people would be amazed on what the average person in Arizona uses. The average person's water
usage is broken down in the following categories: Consumptions 6 gallons, shower and baths 16
gallons, Toilets 18 gallons, Household cleaning 22 ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
This may not sound like a lot of water that is used but if you add in how much water is used daily
for landscaping/ farming which is about 32 percent of what is used daily in the states it adds up to be
a lot. Now it is clear that we need the farming to survive but they have developed other ways to help
conserve water for example. By having scheduled irrigation system that would use water when
actually need and not waste water. It is clear that each person needs to make sure that they are not
wasting water by doing the simple thing. Some of the smallest things can help conserve water in
Arizona. Some are make that your faucets in and out of the house are not leaking or consoling
dripping, other way would be to some of the simplest things installed in your residents like a water
saving toilet lower pressure shower heads. A few other simple things are like turning the water off
while you brush your teeth or even just filling up a sink and letting the pots and pans soak then
having warm or hot water running constantly on the dishes. (Tips on Water Conservation in the
Desert. (n.d.). There are so many things you can do to help with conserving water). What most
Arizonans do not understand is that Arizona only gets an average of 12.5 inches a year and that is
not very much to make up for the amount of water that is used in Arizona. So when you think about
the amount of water used

The Resource Of Tap Water
Water is a seemingly abundant source that is vital for basic life on Earth. This element not only acts
as a catalyst for human survival but is constitutional for certain entities of architecture such as
passive water cooling or permeable paving. Water is a renewable natural resource, but society's
uneconomical uses of this depleting resource may lead to a future of drought. Generally speaking,
one of the main types of water is tap water, which is water that undergoes through of series of
treatments that maintains a governmentally accepted water quality. In this paper, the resource of tap
water will be analysed through its process of its development, social expectations and inevitable
consequences that underlie in this resource.
Two hydrogen atoms and one oxygen atom are the basic components which fundamentally make up
a water molecule. However with the process of water treatment, chemicals such as chlorine (Cl) or
ozone (O3) are added to improve the safety and quality of the water (Water, 2014). Before the
system of water treatment was adopted, drinking water was often contaminated with bacteria which
led to water–borne illnesses such as cholera and typhoid. The concept of treating water was adopted
in India using the technique of sunlight to destroy bacteria, charcoal filtering and storage of drinking
water in copper compartments (Water, 2013). The city of Toronto receives their tap water from Lake
Ontario and is filtered through Toronto's four Treatment Plants as

The Effects Of A Rising Population With Dwindling Water...
The Effects of a Rising Population with Dwindling Water Resources Water is a non–renewable
resource that is being threatened by America's exponential population growth and increasing water
consumption per capita. The future is tiptoeing its way forward, and until the magnitude of this
reality is acknowledged, the U.S. will fail to prepare for a potential loss of resources. America's
population growth, especially paired with its decreasing water supply, will lead to a synthesis of
issues threatening America's industries, living conditions, overall health, environment, and economy.
America's population is growing rapidly as a result of several different factors and will come with a
cost. A consequence of our modern medical technology ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
When addressing the nature of water changes, it is critical to distinguish droughts– departures from
a local climatological norm that is presumed known– from actual dryness itself. After conceptually
separating the two, it was found that America was not just in a temporary drought but would
continue to grow drier. (Sherwood) A key component that many high–profile climate reports fail to
consider is that with warming land, more rain is needed to sustain it. Although many regions will get
more rain, few will get enough to match the growing evaporative demand. If this demand is not met,
precipitation will continue to decrease, and our water resource will continue to shrink. (Sherwood)
Although humans could take further measures to reserve additional freshwater, "humans already
appropriate over 50 percent of all available renewable freshwater." (Srinivasan) Because water
consumption is proportional to the available amount of water, as America's freshwater supply drops
they begin to use a higher percentage of this valuable resource, leaving little amounts of water for
other purposes. (Sherwood) To compensate for this high–use of water, America must put caps

Southern California Water Resources Case Study
Although the South Coast Water District services parts of San Clemente's water, the water SCWD
distributes goes through several wholesale tiers. As mentioned earlier, the Metropolitan Water
District of Southern California delivers water to 26 member agencies located throughout Southern
California (Figure 1). To supply more than 300 cities with potable water, MWDC supplies the
Southern California region with imported water from the State Water Project and the Colorado River
Aqueduct. An estimated 45% of Southern California's water derives from these two water sources;
the remaining differences are met by local sources. The Metropolitan uses 16 hydroelectric facilities,
nine reservoirs, 819 miles of large–scale pipes and five water treatment ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
The filtration plant also houses a 5.1 megawatt hydroelectric power plant that uses gravity–flow to
distribute the water to areas in Los Angeles and Orange County. The SCWD allocates the potable
water from the filtration plant through 158 miles of pipe, 13 reservoirs, nine pump stations and a
Groundwater Recovery Facility with a production capacity yielding 0.85 million gallons per day.
The South Coast Water District recycled water is produced through ACWRF where the reclamation
facility recycles 728,000 gallons of water each year. The reclamation facility treats urban runoff and
mixes it with water from Advanced Wastewater Treatment system to decrease the salinity of the
recycled water. The water is then used for irrigation and is able to be stored in two reservoirs,
totaling an approximate 3.7 million gallons of water storage. To distribute the reprocessed water
across the SCWD service area, 20 miles of pipe and 3 pumping stations are used. Along with
providing potable and recycled water to the service areas in Figure 3, the South Coast Water District
offers wastewater services. The district sanitary sewerage system removers nearly 4 million gallons
of wastewater through 133 miles of pipes, 14 lift stations, and 3 miles of force

The World Water Is An Essential Resources For Daily Life
Around the world water is an essential resources for daily life but over 663 million people do not
have access to safe drinking water. For many water is seen as a given right, but what happens when
the convenience of water is taken away? Worldwide countries and agencies are coming together to
prepare for this devastating event. The United States, in particular Florida, has prepared multiple
water supply plans and structures due to the unsustainable water withdrawal from the Floridian
Aquifer and the impact of sea–level rise. In 2015, the Florida Department of Environmental
Protection began preparing for an increase in population, resulting in 24.1 million residence by
2030, whom will demand a total of 7.4 billion gallons of fresh water per day (source 2015).
Times have changed since the beginning of the decade because Florida is currently hustling to
ensure the state will have adequate fresh water supplies to sustain residents. The scope of this issue
has risen from local and regional agencies to the statewide government and their corresponding
agencies. Florida, with a total of five main aquifers, has more availability to groundwater than any
other state. So why does Florida need to be worried about their water supplies? Out of the average
54 inches of annual rainfall only seven inches reach Florida's aquifer systems, the rest evaporates or
runs off into other bodies of water. Florida is the largest user of groundwater east of the Mississippi
River, with over 90 percent of

Water, the Finite Resources
Water, The Finite Resources
Outline I. Introduction A. Opener: What is water scarcity? B. Thesis statement: One of the crises
that our environment is facing is fresh water scarcity which is a very serious issue and it affects our
global environmental. II. Water shortage effects on environment and human beings. A. Causes
disease B. Agricultural fields C. Poverty group D. Aquatic Ecosystems III. Water scarcity is causes
by different factors. A. Global warming B. Changes of climate C. Decreasing ground water level D.
Population growth and the increased consumption of water IV. Solution for water scarcity is a
necessity. A. Water Sharing Treaty B. ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
("Water security", 2010) Moreover, the amount of water needs for food production is the problem.
People desire more and more water for even more agriculture. Yet the most major contributor to
water scarcity and to the ecosystem is the way people use water (Molden, De Fraiture, &
Rijisberman, 2007). In addition, the quantity, availability, and price of key food product inputs can
be directly impacted upon by water scarcity having a negative affect on animal and crop yields. The
price of food commodities is particularly vulnerable and defenseless to the shocks of unexpected
extreme weather incidents, while animals yields are highly at risk from raised water temperatures
especially aquaculture and access to clean water sources (Krechowicz, Venugopal, Sauer, Somani,
& Pandey, 2010). Within the next ten to twenty years, the water crisis seems likely to trigger
significant shortfalls in cereal production. As a result, an enormous global food crisis will occur
(Quarterly, 2010).
Water scarcity, the global critical issue cause increasing environmental stress, and it affects the
ecosystem. In order to solve the water scarcity problem, huge dam construction causes interception
of river flow, and it is endangering the dependent creatures. The study estimated 24% of mammals,
12% of birds, and 10% of freshwater fish types are endangered ("Water security", 2010).

Water Resource Is Ground Water
One of earth's most usable water resource is ground water. On earth the total amount of water that is
present is estimated around 326 million cubic miles. Out of this amount of water present 97% is sea
water, while the other 2% is found frozen in ice caps and glaciers. This remaining 1% is found in
ground water. Surface water, water found in the atmosphere, and water found in unsaturated soils
and rocks only account for about one–fifth of the total amount found in the world water supply that
is any given moment. Not counting ice, ground water accounts for 97% of the water that is not in the
ocean.
Figure 1
In Kansas, ground water is the only available source of water in larger amounts. Kansans uses
ground water for 85% of their water ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Background:
A study recently published showed that "if current trends continue irrigation, then store nearly 70%
of the water will be exhausted in the Kansas High Plains aquifer in 50 years" (Kansas Water
Resources Board). Groundwater is available to help support agricultural production and is a reliable
guarantee, but with continual depletion of the aquifers there would be a threat to the future of
sustainable water resources. The High Plains aquifer provides the United States with 30 percent of
irrigated groundwater, where the high plains of Kansas's aquifers occupy an important share.
Kansas State University, Department of Civil Engineering of David Steward and his colleagues,
used observation wells groundwater level measured historical data to develop a model to predict
groundwater in western Kansas reduced circumstances. With their observation they also evaluated
the reduction of groundwater exploitation, possible effects on maize production and livestock
industry. The researchers estimated that "in 1960, the aquifer only used 3% of the water and by
2010, 30% of the water has been exhausted, then in 2060 another 39% is expected to disappear"
(David Steward, 1987).
The Steward Study Group report said that once the water runs out, the aquifers may require an
average of 500 to 1300 years to fully charge again. Although groundwater exploitation in western
Kansas, will inevitably begin to reduce in the next 15 to 20 years, but due to the continuous
improvement of

The Problems Involving Water Management And Resources
There are various issues associated with water in South–Western United States and specifically
California that aiming to one big issue is really restrictive. For this paper water structures and
infrastructure were selected as a focus point, however it must be stated that it there's interconnection
among other issues such as environment, politics, history and more. Studying the past it is easy to
see how water availability made population explode in an area such as Southern California, where
savvy marketing and great politics made it happen. Particularly, for Los Angeles Marc Reisner's
Cadillac Desert does a great job at understanding and identifying the politics and key figures in
getting water to Los Angeles for the purposes of public narrative. Great hydrologic structure were
created using both man power and water politics. There a connections between water, politics,
environment, and geography when analyzing what the biggest problems involving water
management and resources. We must think of water as both a socio–political issue and a natural
resource, whose fate is molded by the understanding of its connectivity to itself, the environment,
man–made structures, geography, and society. The classes taken in this program have taught us
ideals that in order to become a great water resources manager, one must master the political and
scientific knowledge to make decisions that are prosperous for society and the environment.
Furthermore, one must know the United States'

The Arizona Department Of Water Resources
Key Persons in Government and their views: Government officials and groups such as the Arizona
Department of Water Resources seem confident in the progress thus far to conserve and store for the
future. Arizona is one of the few western states considered to have a well–divided government
organization when it comes to managing the above and underground water resources. The Key
persons and groups in Government on this situation along with their role in Arizona water are as
follows: The Governor (Doug Ducey; January 15th, 2015 – Current): Per the 1980 Groundwater
Management Act, the current Governor of AZ is given authority to appoint a director of ADWR. It is
in his duties of service to advance and pursue new and revised policies and programs using a variety
of tools and resources, he also releases statements on new policy concerning the issue and informs
the public of changes. The Arizona Department of Water Resources (ADWR) & Director: The
Central Arizona Project (CAP): Groundwater Replenishment Authority (Central Arizona
Groundwater Replenishment District (CAGRD)): Arizona Water Banking Authority (ABWA):
Stakeholders and Opposing Views We have identified four main water stakeholders: residents,
industry, agriculture and recreation/tourism. To elaborate specifics, this list of key stakeholders in
Arizona Water was borrowed from a study done by the Decision Center for a Desert City, or DCDC,
back in 2007 that assessed Stakeholder views on upcoming changes to the

Water Is The Most Precious Resource This Planet Has To
Water is the most precious resource this planet has to offer. A one of a kind substance, water is a
resource that sustains all life on this planet. Yet, humanity supports an industry that uses water
inefficiently and irresponsibly, one that takes more 42% humanity's accessible fresh water and
wastes it. Unless we take the proper initiative, our world's water supplies will slowly deplete,
leaving earth in an eternal drought, which could potentially cause an end to the human race.
Agriculture is an industry that will cause water scarcity to erupt throughout the world if not changed
from its irresponsible methods. As the world's largest industry, agriculture uses 70% of our
accessible remaining freshwater. In other words, the amount of water ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
Similarly, even when the water does make it to the irrigation systems, much of it is also wasted due
to lazy field application methods. Sprinkler systems are installed to make work easier, but the
amount of water it spews out is not necessary, but farmers refuse to uninstall the systems because it
brings maximized growth to crops and thus increasing the amount of harvest. One may think that
agricultural water transportation isn't as defective as it may seem, as some of the water will drip
down into the underground aquifers, but what one doesn't know is that the water also drags
dangerous agrichemicals with it. More specifically, pesticides and insecticides can pollute the water
in the underground aquifers, making the water non–potable and thus furthering water scarcity. A
huge majority of water used in the agricultural industry is wasted; a predicted 60%, but on the other
hand, the one may argue that through all these troubles, the food that is grown does go to use. This,
however, is wrong, because even when our food is grown or raised through the unnecessary,
maximized water, huge quantities of the food is wasted every single day.
Humanity has carelessly managed food production, thus wasting the massive quantities of water that
are used to grow crops and raise animals. First of all, the cultivation of thirsty, exotic plants that are
from exotic regions, thus needing higher quantities of water to make

Water Is The Most Precious, Limited Natural Resources
Ralph Nader said, "Water is the most precious, limited natural resource we have in this country. But
because water belongs to no one, except the people... special interests, including government
polluters, use it as their private sewers." ( Ralph Nader, 1971) Without natural resources life itself
would be impossible. Beginning at the conception of life until death, natural resources are
transformed for human use; including but not limited to feed, clothe, shelter, and energy. We depend
upon them for every material necessity, comfort, convenience, and protection in our lives today.
Without an abundant source of that precious resources prosperity is completely out of reach.
The state of Bihar is located on the Bihar plain and is divided into two unequal halves by the river
Ganges which flows through the middle from west to east. The state of Bihar has a 94,163 square
kilometer area. Bihar is located in the eastern part of the country and lies mid–way between the West
Bengal in the east and the Uttar Pradesh in the west. Its boundary touches Nepal in north and
Jharkhand state in south. Its average elevation above sea level is 173 feet. I selected Bihar because it
is India's third–most populous state with a population of 103 million according to the 2011 Census.
Bihar has the lowest literacy rate which results in a lack of skilled workers lower per capita which
reflects in the poverty rating of Bihar. Nearly 85% of Bihar's population lives in rural areas. The
average life

The Causes And Aspects Of Egyptian Tourism And Water...
7.4 Egyptian tourism and water resources Tourism sectors demanded a reliable water supply.
Increasing tourism will also increase demand on wastewater treatment, increase the demand for safe
and high–value agricultural products, and encourage recreational uses of water. Thus climate
induced water shortages would definitely severely affect tourism activities (Nour El–Din, 2013).
Tapper, Hadjikou, Noble & Jenkinson (2011) indicate that in 2010, the Egyptian Ministry of
Tourism announced a strategic plan for the tourism industry to 2022, with goals to achieve 25
million tourists (double present numbers) and US$ 21 billion tourism income by 2022.; adding
200,000 tourist rooms over the next 5 years. Moreover, average of WTTC & UNWTO forecasts for
Egyptian tourism growth rate per year is about 6.6 %, but current political unrest have already affect
negatively these forecasts, and it is not yet clear how recent political unrest will affect this plan in
the long–term. Moreover, virtually nothing appears to be happening to counteract needs of water for
this expected tourism growth, where is often associated with the search for complementary water
sources to satisfy the great demands on water for this economic sector.
In comparison to other economic sectors, such as agriculture, there are no specific regional or
national water use statistics for tourism, and tourism–related water use is still relatively little
investigated. The following paragraph provides some rare figures are available in the literature.
Generally tourism increases global water use, tourists use more water when on holiday, here
estimated at an average in general of 300 L per day (direct water use), than at home (160 L per day),
in Egypt with average length of stay about 6 days, water use per tourist per day is about 400 liters.
Some other statistics for coastal regions like (Sharm El–Sheikh) indicate to increasing usage of
water per tourist, water use per day in hotels and resorts between 400L to 500L per tourist, and from
1410 L to 2190 L per room (Gossling et. al, 2012).
Tapper, Hadjikou, Noble & Jenkinson (2011) show under the title: Tourism water consumption,
water scarcity and related social and environmental

The Natural Resources Of Water Scarcity
The natural resources of today seem to have no end. Oil, Coal, and even Natural Gas storage units
are starting to see significant declines in their supply. And even though the world may be producing
an exponential amount of these resources, there are signs of depletion. Another one of those natural
resources is our fresh water. The world can sit back and continue to use fresh water without any
knowledge of reduction but it is imminent a solution is needed quickly. Not a solution to produce
more fresh water, but to distribute the fresh water more efficiently to more regions across the Globe.
It should be the worlds first priority to resolve water scarcity. There is not enough fresh water to live
of off much longer, so using it wisely, now, can better prepare us for implementing a drastic change
to how we gather fresh water in the future. The overall all picture is clear, fresh water is becoming
scarce because we are not using this natural resource wisely. The allocation of fresh water must have
a better implementation process. Fresh water only makes two and a half percent of the total volume
of the world 's water, but considering 70% of that freshwater is in the form of ice and permanent
snow cover access to potable water is limited. It is not surprising that demand for water could soon
surpass supply. A report from the United Nations reads, "We have 15 years to avert a full–blown
water crisis and that, by 2030, demand for water will outstrip supply by 40 percent" (Barlow,

Everglades Water Resources Case Study
1. How did it come to be that one of the wettest states in the nation, with an average 55 inches
rainfall a year, has water–supply problems?
Human Development is the reason why Florida has water–supply problems. In the nineteenth
century, the Everglades submerged more than half of Florida's 36 million acres in clean, fresh water
(43). Our water supply problems commenced when the SFWMD and the Army Corps of Engineers
began draining and paving over the everglades in the early twentieth century. With concrete
covering the ground, the 150 billion gallons of rainfall received has since been unable to filter down
into the ground and replenish the aquifer. Instead that rainfall becomes run–off. The run–off does
not return into natural watersheds, ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Florida officials say we must find an additional 2 billion gallons of water a day to meet future
growth; thus the need for billions of dollars' worth of new alternative water–supply projects. What
are the best arguments for and against this "supply–side" management strategy?
The negative of the "supply–side" management strategy is: the contamination due to fracking for
creating wells and bottling to store water, and deadly levels of arsenic in ARS wells. On other side,
the positive of the "supply–side" management strategy is that Its projected that with the use of a 15
gallon reservoirs and a 66 gallon water treatment plants can be cut down 1/3 of groundwater usage.
We must use desalination plants, wells, bottling, and reservoirs to counteract the rainwater cannot
naturally replenish the aquifers because of the human developments covering the ground.
9. The latest figures in Mirage show that in 2000, Floridians used an average 174 gallons of water
per person per day. Since the book was published, that number is down to 157 statewide. Some local
communities have gotten per–capita consumption below 100 gallons per person per day. What do
these trends show about the future? What are the areas in which we could save the most water? Talk
about the difference that 50 gallons per person per day could make in a state that 18 million people
call

Water Is A Vital Resource For Human Development
Water is a vital resource for human development; its natural mode of occurrence is governed by
climatic, geomorphic and geologic characteristics of the land surface. Water resources is a major
requirement and driver of socio–economic development. Economic sectors that water caters to
include domestic, agriculture and fisheries, industry, recreation, municipality, including
waste/effluent disposal, and water transportation. It also plays a prominent role in power and energy
generation (Oyebande., 2004) .
Urbanization, however, has increased the demand for alternative sources of potable water, which is
utilized to supply society's needs. Water is, in a sense, both artery and vein to the development of
urban life (Spieker, 1973). The rate of urbanization in Africa has increased exponentially, at 3.9
percent per year, urban population growth rates in Africa have been and will continue to be the
highest in the world (Vairavamoorthy, 2012). A projected increase in the size of the middle class,
population and economy in towns and cities might lead to a demand for better governance and better
services including more water services (World Bank, 2005). As water demand grows, urban towns
are forced to rely on water sources that are farther from the city and more expensive to develop. The
open surface water cannot be relied upon because of their high susceptibility to pollution and
inadequate supply. In addition to being vulnerable to pollution, surface water sources are also

The Resource Water Of Water
Since the birth of mankind resources have kept flora, fauna, and civilization alive, especially the
resource water. Water is a major component of life; as a result, all living organisms has access to
necessary materials which is mandatory for humanity to survive. This era of humanity is blindly
allowing water to disappear; which means all material required for humanity will vanish which will
lead to the disappearance of humanity. Some materials that are very common to humanity but people
could never survive without are, food, beverages, shelter, and clothes. Food and beverages are the
top two priorities for all living creatures. In order for food and crops to be made, huge amounts of
water has to begin the process, same goes for making beverages, wood for shelter, clothes to wear,
pillow to lay on and cars to drive. Water is also a part of the human body, without the water inside of
individuals, the human body could not function. Basically, water is the beginning source of almost
all materials that humanity needs and wants. Water is the key substance that attaches everything in
the world together. "The water crisis is the #1 global risk based on impact to society (as a measure
of devastation), as announced by the World Economic Forum in January 2015" ("Water Poverty
Facts"). The loss of water would be a catastrophe to Earth by bringing death, heat, pain, thirst, and
hunger. "Meanwhile much of the water is lost, overused or wasted, stressing both the Colorado
system, and

The Importance Of Water Resources In Africa

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