The Government Of Hong Kong Essay

The Government Of Hong Kong Essay
There have been several solutions informed to the government of Hong Kong to encourage green
features such as 'communal gardens, sunshades and reflectors, wind catchers and noise barriers.'
(Lo, 2005). The need for green architecture is expanded within this book, justifying the demand in
adopting sustainability within high–density cities. 'Energy efficient designs and renewable energy
sources in buildings have become a world trend in striving for a sustainable future.' (Lo, 2005) The
inevitable growing capacity of population and urbanization leads to perceiving high–density cities as
a problem. However the sustainability integration will help reduce the energy usage, diminish the
use of fossil fuels and develop new ways to designing architecture.
4.
'Do buildings and cities, in the way they are currently built, contribute to green economy and
growth?' (Aboulnaga, 2014) The book illustrates how sustainability enhances architecture in the
long term, but also seeks for solutions such as renewable energy, and promoting energy–efficient
buildings. There are features to classifying a sustainable building, such as site and surroundings,
energy efficiency, renewable energy use, water consumption, materials etc.
5.
Perhaps the implementation of sustainability in Hong Kong is appropriate due to giving aid to the
damage made towards the surrounding environment. 'A building with a creative concept is sensitive
to its environment, protecting environment from pollution caused by
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The Growth Of The Human Population
The indefinite growth of the human population, has monumental impacts on the natural
environment, not only in the UK, but around the globe. Architecturally, the entire process of
designing and constructing a building, both domestic and not, can lead to the rapid exhaustion of
natural resources across the planet. Building with environmental design strategies in mind not only
combats the impact we as humans have on the natural environment, but also has considerable
economic benefits, due to lower running costs of buildings and advanced occupant productivity.
There are also many social benefits, such as improved air quality which resultantly leads too
enhanced health of a buildings occupants.
The first section of my report touches two case study buildings that considers such matters in an
intimate way, the Dalby Forest Visitor Centre in Yorkshire, and the Heels Building, National Trust
Headquarters, located in Swindon. The second section of the report focuses on a personal statement,
giving my opinions on both buildings environmental sustainability and overall impact.
Case Study 1 – Dalby Forest Visitor Centre: Firstly I investigated the Dalby Visitor Centre by White
Design, located in Yorkshire, UK. The £2.5 million environmentally sustainable visitor centre is one
of the first visitor centres the Forestry Commission have funded with environmental viability as its
core target. The Forestry Commission wanted a building that "touched the ground lightly".
The design of

Gentrification Is A General Term For The Expansion Of...
Gentrification is a general term for the arrival of wealthier people in an existing urban district, a
related increase in rents and property values, and changes in the district's character and culture. The
word draws controversy not only in its definition and meaning but also in the impact it has among
human social life. It is a practice that is of ancient origin and has withstood the challenges of
evolving times and is still practiced in the contemporary world. Proposers and opponents alike of the
gentrifying phenomena take advantage of the numerous myths and misconceptions that surround the
practice to advance their arguments. Urban planners have rooted for the inclusion of gentrification
as one of the pillars of urban growth. With better economic status– better roads, better water supply
system, better healthcare, reduced criminal activities and an overall uplifting of the quality of life
economically– it is hard to argue against an overall gain from gentrification. Yet with all this, it has
been the source of a lot of widespread animosity between social classes. It has also been blamed for
a lot of cultural values erosion with in some instances complete override of the indigenous ways of
life that the original inhabitants subscribed to. Green development is an urban development
approach that utilizes green infrastructural growth and is aimed at alleviating negative impacts, or
ideally have a net positive impact, on the environment and nearby ecosystems. Green

Building Quality Public Facilities For A Sustainable...
On September 30th, 1995 The Glenview Naval Air Base that had resided in Glenview, IL for 58
years, was closed (About Glenview, n.d.). Next, the village worked with the Glenview Community
Reuse Planning Group and in conjunction with the United States Navy to plan and develop
economic alternatives for the Naval base (Master Plan and Design Guidelines, 2008). Over the next
decade, The Village worked towards the development The Glen Town Center, in efforts of attaining
their goal of creating "a lasting source of pride for the community by building quality public
amenities, infrastructure, housing plus recreational and job opportunities" (Master Plan and Design
Guidelines, 2008). In its construction, The Glen utilizes several principals of the smart growth
model, or the sustainable development of healthy communities. The Glen successfully strengthens
development toward an existing community, creates a range of housing opportunities and choices,
creates walkable neighborhoods, provides a variety of transportation choices, takes advantages of
compact building design, and preserves open space, farmland, natural beauty and critical
environmental areas (Friedland, Relyea, Courard–Hauri, 2012). As previously noted, The Glen was
formerly a Naval Air Station, but was reformed into the combination of residential and commercial
areas we utilize today, an integral portion of the smart growth model. Since the base was closed in
1995, the Village of Glenview needed to occupy the vacant

Council House Research Paper
Council House 2 (CH₂)
Council House 2 is the City of Melbourne's 10 storey office building that was completed in 2006. It
has approximately 540 staff who are housed there with retail on the ground floor and underground
parking. Its ground floor area is 12,536m² which consists of:
1995m² GFA basement areas
500m² net letable area (NLA) – ground floor retail
9373m² total NLA
1064m² GFA – typical floor
It was designed as a world leading Six Star office building which incorporated sustainable features
such as the innovative cooling storage system in the basement to vertical gardens and wind turbines
on the roof. The sustainable features are incorporated throughout all 10 floors of the building.
WATER
Dr Mazazuza Otham & Dr Nira Jayasuriya ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
This again helps it gain its Six Star Green rating. Figure 1 shows how the final design of CH₂ is by
far better than the existing building, and the improvement it's made from a 4.5 star building.
HEATING & COOLING
CH₂ heating and cooling system is designed to have a temperature of 21–23°C. It works with a
combination of ceiling panels and chilled beams which can be found above the windows. These
beams create cool air at around 18°C. Heat is absorbed in the concrete ceilings and through the
natural ventilation of the building will be removed. As approximately 70% of the ceiling is curved in
shape, there is expected to be a 14% decrease in cooling energy usage by the natural ventilation
process. Figure 1 show's how the cooling of the offices is expected to work.
The heating requirements of CH ₂ are expected to be minimal as there will be enough heat generated
by lighting, equipment and the occupants of the building. The heat generated is anticipated to
maintain the preferred thermal comfort level. Some traditional heating may be needed during winter,
which will be generated through a gas heating system of from heat created by gas fired mirco
turbine. Figure 2 shows how the north side heating and cooling

Breakthrough Perspective on Green and Sustainable...
Buildings have been part of human life since the beginning of time, we depend of them to live,
learn, grown, for protection and shelter. The decisions we make today will not only affect our future
but our surrounding as well. We need buildings to survive the climates of the earth and to live our
own lives. Architecture is what nature cannot make, yet it is influenced by the rules of nature, as
humans evolved so did our way of thinking, and so did our architecture. Green architecture is a
breakthrough in human history, Green Architecture is more a more advanced way of building, it has
if the building as a life. The purpose of this essay report is to identify the advantages of green
Architecture in Canadian Society and its positive effects ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The LEED criteria are recognized as the building having a positive performance in five areas of
human and environmental health, therefore making the building safer and healthier to live in. When
we think sustainability, it's important that we consider the surrounding, for examples the trees, rivers
and lakes, streets, neighbors and more. The impact of architecture is not only for the building but for
its natural surroundings, by taking advantage of each natural source, to have the building sustain
itself in terms of reducing energy use, taking advantage of storm water and using that for flushing
toilets, using sun light to warm the room and so forth. Sustainability also refers to the life of the
building itself, how long will the building last after it's finished. Green buildings are made of
recyclable material that help the building last longer in structure, its feature is what make it unique
to last longer than average buildings.
Benefits of Green Buildings
Green Buildings have become more than just buildings; they have become a structural living
organism. Green Buildings offer a safer and healthier living environment for the occupants; this can
contribute to an increase in human lifespan, due to minimum exposure to chemical paint materials
and more. They also reduce energy bills due to the features incorporated such as solar panels, which
generate energy by solar radiation. An open glazing design building that offers maximum sunlight
into the building can

Low Impact Materials Essay
Materials for Low Impact Buildings ARC 6821 Elena Constanti Number of words: 3002
CONTENTS Introduction 3 Chapter 1: Sheffield 1.1. Site Location and specification 4 1.2.
Construction Materials of Sheffield 5 Chapter 2: Assessing Criteria 2.1 Life Cycle Assessment 6
Chapter 3: Analysing Low Impact Materials 3.1 Straw bale 7 3.2 Earth 7 3.3 Limestone 8 3.4
Timber

Clt : A Sustainable Building Material Through An...
The building industry has long been overpowered by the use of a select number of construction
materials, largely concrete, masonry and steel. In more recent times however, an increased emphasis
has been placed on environmental sustainability within the architectural realm and as a result, cross
laminated timber (CLT) is becoming a more prominent building material due to its design flexibility,
cost–competiveness, structural integrity and most importantly, its sustainable attributes. CLT was
firstly developed during the 1970's although it wasn't until 1996 before it was highly regarded as a
building material throughout Europe, particularly Austria. This paper sets out to critically analyse
CLT as a sustainable building material through an ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
When compared to other building materials, "wood is by far the most sustainable choice" as well as
the most efficient material in regards to both embodied energy and environmental impact. Existing
comparisons between wood and traditional building materials have already been undertaken,
however the emphasis is on light wood framing as opposed to CLT. As CLT is subject to additional
manufacturing processes such as bonding, and involves the use of substantial more wood product (at
least three times more), it naturally has a higher environmental footprint than light wood framing
thus making these comparisons unreliable when comparing CLT to other building materials.
When manufacturing CLT, sourcing of the wood becomes vital in creating a sustainable material.
Approximately one–third of the land area on Earth is occupied by forestry. Therefore wood can be
regarded as a renewable material as it is capable of being continuously replenished through
sustainable forest management; a harvested tree is replaced by another tree therefore compensating
for any extraction, a distinct difference to most other materials.
The prefabricated nature of cross laminated timber is one of the major factors contributing to its
sustainable attributes. Prefabrication allows each CLT panel to be made to size as well as have all
openings and areas for services pre–cut into the panels. Whilst this requires a substantial amount of
design resolution to be produced

What Does It Strike The Right Balance?
In my opinion I believe that CCAP does indeed strike the right balance. With any plan as extensive
as this one, there needs to be a certain degree of regulation. With the implementation and revision of
many new policies, I think it will create a new standard for businesses and residents to live by. One
example is the strengthening of climate change policies in the municipal land–use planning process
through consulting on and proposing amendments to the Municipal Act and the City of Toronto,
which requires electric vehicle charging in surface lots. Another, example is setting lower–carbon
standards for new buildings which will be accomplished through the update of the Building Code.
Its clear to see that the government needs to set regulations in order for any change to take place. In
other words, they are the initiators that set an example for society. These changes may not happen
overnight, but with each person following these standards, it will produce long–term sustainable
benefits, which can then spur on more people to invest in sustainability in their own lives. I think
this plan does a realistic job at initiating but also facilitating and improving where possible. For
example, things such as home garages with the proper voltage outlets for car charging or retrofitting
residential buildings are great ideas to make part of new practices. Soon these modifications will
become the new normal until something better is developed. New and existing businesses will be
more

Sustainable Construction Of Sustainable Building
Sustainable building
Introduction
As concerns of climate change and global warming rises, reducing the impact on environment and
human health have became the priorities to consider before the construction of buildings. Therefore,
the concept of sustainable building (also known as green building, green construction)was brought
up, aiming to create structures which is environmentally responsible and source–efficient during its
lifespan. [1] Compared to conventional buildings, sustainable buildings are advantageous from
many aspects, such as durability, comfort, security, productivity and economy.
During the construction of sustainable building, the use of renewable energy can be a significant
issue. Compared to conventional energy, renewable energy can benefit from many aspects.
By utilization of renewable energy , more nature resources can be conserved and restored, such as
solar power, wind ,biomass, etc. The renewable generate much less or even no pollution to the
nature environment. For example, a solar powered air conditioning system generate no HCFCs, CFs
released by conventional air conditioning, causing depletion to ozone layer. Due to less energy
consumed, the operating cost can be reduced efficiently. Furthermore, occupant comfort and health
will be improved with a green and livable living/working place.
In next section, a building–integrated photovoltaics (BIPV) would be introduced systematically,
which make a good utilization of solar power in sustainable

Sustainability And Various Methods Of Data Selection In...
The process of data selection would start with the understanding the basic definition and also the
aspects of sustainability. The data is being selected with the fact of creating awareness amongst the
people and understanding the norms as well as the techniques of residential buildings that are to be
used for making the building functional as well as sustainable. Basically the data was being selected
by the researcher by making a thought of the topic and keeping the basic keywords of the topic. The
main selection criterion was to have a view point about the norms and the techniques used in
sustainability as well as the residential buildings. The availability of the books referring to the
sustainability and various types of residential ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Primary case study about the residence of Ashok B.Lal provided me with an approach to know
about various materials and techniques that can be used for making a place sustainable.
Secondary case studies about the housing project at Bilaspur, Chhattisgarh and housing project at
Trichi, Tamil Nadu gave me an insight on sustainability accessing the built mass and how it could be
used to the advantage of generating a better environment that connects the sustainability with the
built environment.
3.3 METHOD(S) OPTED FOR Data ANALYSIS AND ITS JUSTIFICATION
Data analysis is the process of going through all the verbal, literary and visual data that has been
collected and being summarized into a possible conclusion for the research to proceed.
The data regarding all the factors that would help make a residential building that has a point to
connect with sustainability and generating an outcome which leads to a sustainable and eco–friendly
building would be analyzed properly. This data analysis would ultimately make the best residential
building in which sustainable practices are being used.
Methods for data analysis are as follows–
1. Describing and summarizing the data
The data needs to be described and summarized briefly in order to get an understanding about the
topic. It is a part of data analysis where a brief summarization of all

Building A Sustainable Plan For A Business Model
Built to make profit, businesses/firms believed making money was their sole purpose–and their
business model made everything subservient to money and corporate greed. Only now, have we
begun to see and understand how irresponsible we have become and those business models may
make money but they are killing the environment. Here we will look at four businesses and their
different models that center around sustainability, caring about mother earth, and still able to make
money. The framework we will evaluate these organizations is through the triple bottom line
method, process improvement, economic development, and giving back (altruism), as well as, build
a sustainable plan for a company that had not implemented one in the past and is failing to accept
any environmental responsibility. Beginning with the triple bottom line approach, we see this
phenomenon discards the notion of top–line revenue/bottom–line profit and loss, we see companies
are responsible for three bottom lines: people, planet and profit. Triple bottom line companies are
responsibly sustainable; they benefit the communities, facilitate the development of better products
and services, and contribute to society. The question now becomes why not every company is
adjusting their business model to the triple bottom line. Companies like Patagonia are onboard with
this idea and they have been very profitable and highly regarded on Wall Street. Companies like
BASF and DuPont developed well defined that

Building Design of the Engineering and Computing Builiding...
Introduction
As an aspiring Architectural Technologist I will be expected to possess a variety of skills which are
valuable for any Architectural Technologist position. I will be studying and evaluating a building
design of the Engineering and Computing Building, Coventry. I am to assess the structure,
identifying, why the building was designed in the way it was, the impact, challenges and purposes.
This will allow me to understand the integration of architectural and structural design.
1.1 Design philosophy and aesthetics
The Engineering and Computing Building (ECB) was designed by Arup Associates' and built by
main contractor Vinci. In designing this building Arup Associates' were trying to create a sustainable
postmodern building, which would become a flagship for the university and a landmark in the centre
of the city. Designed to meet the university's long–term needs in terms of improving the student
learning experience, using the building as a learning tool in itself.
The 15,000m² building is enclosed in a square, split into two 'L' shaped blocks. Linked together by a
glazed entrance at the corner and separated by a large gap on the opposite corner.
The 'L' block facing the south and west has been configured as the 'Nature' block. This four–storey
'Nature' wing features a green and blue roof planted with foliage, providing a variety of habitats to
encourage the local wildlife. Well known to attract insects that pipistrelle bats are known to prefer.
There is also

Earthship
Max Altschuler
ENVD 3115
Professor Marcel S. de Lange
December 8, 2013
Earthship Design, Materials, and Sustainability
Earthship design is a movement initiated by Michael Reynolds. Earthship Biotecture is a method of
architecture and design that incorporates recycled materials, earthen materials, and renewable
energy sources into a sustainable and self–sufficient home. The purpose of this according to Michael
Reynolds it to achieve energy independence, sustainable housing, and relieve the burdens of stress
on the environment from conventional building methods while keeping cost minimal. Utilizing
waste and earthen materials, Michael was able to construct comfortable living, beautiful
architectural design, and self–sufficiency ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Adobe is a commonly used material in earthship construction and has its earliest recognized use in
8300 B.C. Although labor–intensive adobe serves as a sustainable and abundant material that can
often be produced onsite. Adobe is typically composed of clay, sand, silt, and gravel, and various
amendments such as straw and grasses. Proper distribution and ratios of the materials are essential in
creating adobe blocks that are strong and do not shrink or crack; therefore the soil used should be
screened and tested before production. An important element to adobe construction is the bond beam
that connects the roof to the walls and prevents collapse of the adobe blocks. Problems with adobe
construction lie within the perceived notion that it is unrealizable and primitive, therefore many
builders encounter problems in obtaining building permits. Cob is one of the oldest earthen building
materials that requires little framework and is less labor intensive then adobe. Cod consist of clay,
sand, straw, and water. Cob wall construction is usually 24 inches wide and is laid in sections up to
18 inches high at a time. 18 inch foundations and long eves for roofing is important to keeping cob–
constructed walls intact and secure from water damage. To create strong walls a 5% taper should be
included in planning, this equates to 6 inches for every

Sustainable Building Material...
Green Building
A Guide to Sustainable Building Materials and Methods in Santa Cruz County
Funded through waste reduction grants from the City and County of Santa Cruz Departments of
Public Works, and in cooperation with Ecology Action.
Green Building: A Guide to Sustainable Building Materials and Methods in Santa Cruz County
© 2004, Ecology Action of Santa Cruz Principal Authors: Barry Hooper & Karsten Mueller,
Ecology Action Editor & Kiosk/Graphic Designer: Jenny Shelton, Shelton Design
Table of Contents
General Requirements
Introduction to Green Building Construction Waste Reduction Recycled Content Materials
Reusable, Recyclable, & Biodegradable Materials Deconstruction 2 4 5 6 7
This booklet, which offers a broad ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Such a material would be infinitely reusable or recyclable.1 "Perfect" materials are rare, but in
practice, there are a growing number of green materials that reduce or eliminate negative impacts on
people and the environment. As manufacturers, building professionals, and owners constantly strive
for better buildings, we encourage others in the supply chain to join us in pursuit of a better world.
Incorporating green products into a project does not imply sacrifice in performance, or aesthetics,
and does not necessarily entail higher cost. While one can spend considerably more for green
materials, careful shoppers will find cost–competitive environmentally–preferable options. For
example, a joint US EPA/Army study of more than 2200 paints showed environmentally preferable
options cost an average of $1.76 less per gallon 2 gallon.
Considerations
This booklet offers simple suggestions to help select greener options for a wide array of common
materials, and provides references to resources for more detailed information. For materials not
included in this document, the checklist in the appendix and the sidebars of pages 2–3 can help you
to organize your analysis. The evaluation of materials is based upon three questions: Is the material
renewable and resource efficient in its manufacture, installation, use, and disposal? Does the
material support the health and well being of occupants, construction personnel, the public, and the
environment? The most critical

Physical And Social Context Of The Building
Examine the physical and social context of the building
The 'Glass House' is a building in which personal qualities are a vital component of the construction
framework. The house is focusing on the correlation between an individual and buildings. There are
architectural rules including conventions that establish a guide and maintain traditional approaches
to building structures. However, Phillip Johnson operates against these standards of design rules and
highlights the modernistic period due to the buildings ' orientation and non–traditional materials.
The structure of the house is revealing the materials and aesthetic qualities.
The house further highlights that Phillip Johnson works in a non–social vacuum. However, he
reflects several aspects of social structures. Having these aspects influences and demonstrates how,
when, time and place the structure was built. 'Glass House' remains located in a tropical
environment away from street view, due to it being secluded and isolated. The primary materials
applied consist of paints, glass, bricks and furniture. The physical context of the environment
constantly shifts the efficiency and sustainability of the materials. Resulting in a constant change in
colour and odour, mainly due to environmental factors such as change of temperature.
The house being secluded from public display enables the house to be private and only exposed to
the tropical environment. The interior of the glass house has a cylindrical brick structure that

The Unified Science Center At Stockton For My Project
I decided to choose the Unified Science Center at Stockton for my project because it is easily
accessible to me, it is fairly new and as a business major student, I found the building to be very
impressive. We business majors don't have a place to hang out or a quiet place to talk to people in
our major. I normally just see people in the library or in the hallway and if we have to do
schoolwork we just go to a computer lab. However, the Science and Math majors have a building
full of labs and classrooms. In my opinion I felt like Stockton was trying to one–up the Arts building
with another new building. The two buildings are similar in the way they both function. The Art
building is a good place for the Art majors to get creative for their assignments and while these
students are surrounded by artwork they could feel more of an impact from the atmosphere. The
Science Center is a good place to apply what the Science students have learned in class and apply it
in a laboratory.
Stockton University built this building to attract more science students. I think EYP did a great job
designing the building. If you never entered the building before, you can just look at it from the
outside and just tell that it is a building designed for Science majors. The building itself does not
have many classrooms, but instead it has a lot of laboratories with state of the art equipment.
On the inside of the building it has a piece of artwork called the wave hanging from the second floor
and

Analysis Of Crapshoot: Building A Sustainable House
Building a sustainable house
After watching the documentary on Sewers named Crapshoot, we realized that there are many
environmental issues associated with sewers. Along with research towards other environmental
issues such as House Framing and Roofing. The following information will help us to change the
status quo for the greater good.
According to many websites Sewers and/or toilets are the most common pathway for sewage. The
contaminated water is carried through sewers, drains, and pipes. The sewer mostly contains garbage,
hygiene products, and human waste. Problems associated with this are that personals throw all their
garbage and unknown substances down into the drains and pipes that go into the sewer. During
floods, the pipes overflow

The Main Factors And Effects Of The Movement Of Modernism
The movement of modernism is a movement that has been associated with the transformation of the
western societies through development of industrial societies that then resulted to the development
of cities. It is a movement that was conceived through the need to develop after the catastrophic
events of the world wars. One of the main factors that the modernism has influenced is the aspect of
architecture. The movement was developed as a way to reject and relinquish the traditional
procedures of planning and adopting better and new methods that are capable of improving the
social condition of people .
The movement first began in Europe and later spread to the United States of America. It was as a
result of the availability of democracy in these ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
It is an aspect that reshaped people's perceptions of life which have influenced the way they perceive
art, culture as well as politic. The modernism movement began in the eighteenth century mainly as a
result of the advancement in technology and industrial revolution that helped change the perception
humans had on life. The aspect of modernism began in Europe and soon spread to other countries,
most notably the United States of America. As a result in the changes in the world, there was also a
great need to change the society in terms of conditions set by traditional ways of living that existed
during those

Magical Houses Made Of Bamboo Analysis
In the Ted Talk "Magical Houses Made of Bamboo," the speaker (Elora Hardy) and her team work
hard to build these breathtaking homes out of bamboo. First, Hardy and her team harvest bamboo
for their homes. Not only does bamboo have the compressive strength of concrete, but it is also
extremely light compared to its size. The bamboo is transported to where the home is going to be
built. Secondly, since bamboo cannot last a lifetime on its own, the team adds borax which can
increase the bamboo's lifetime. Borax turns bamboo into a viable building material. Then, Hardy
and her team make a 3D blueprint of the house that they are constructing. The team considers
everything when it comes down to details. After that, an experienced team of architects and
designers bend and change the shape of the bamboo to fit their needs for the actual house. The team
must use plenty of creativity to make their design truly astonishing. For example, in the video, "To
reap the selective benefits and work within the constraints of this material, we have to really push
ourselves, and within the constraint, we have found space ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net
...
For example, in the video, "It's really long, up to 18 meters of usable length. Try getting that truck
down the mountain. And it's strong: it has the tensile strength of steel, the compressive strength of
concrete. Slam four tons straight down on a pole, and it can take it." Bamboo is an extremely strong
material according to this quote. It is one sustainable material that people will not run out of. Not
only is bamboo strong and elegant, but it is also earthquake resistant. On the other hand, unprotected
bamboo will most likely be eaten to dust by insects. However, Hardy and her team changed this.
They change the bamboo by using a natural salt called borax. Borax turns bamboo into a viable
building material. If one treats the bamboo properly, it can last a full lifetime. Bamboo homes would
be a suitable place to

The International Labour Organisation ( Ilo )
Responsible sourcing is a universal method to the sustainable evaluation of materials. This is an
environmental, economical and social way of obtaining construction supplies such as concrete.
Responsible sourcing is a progressively imperative factor for specifiers and clients in the
construction commerce. The idea first industrialized in fair trade of food products and fair
employment conditions for production of consumer goods. The International Labour Organisation
(ILO) was founded in 1919 to be accountable for drawing up and supervising international labour
standards. Responsible sourcing adds to this by involving other environmental, social and economic
characteristics of sustainability. The UK government spearheads in this aspect of ... Show more
content on Helpwriting.net ...
There is an agenda for the organisational authority and supply chain management and this must be
adopted clearly by all companies.
It can be assumed that responsible sourcing can be a very crucial factor that contributes towards
construction and civil engineering as concrete is used in almost all projects. This is why it is
paramount to produce this concrete from trusted sources. Hence "89% of all concrete in 2012 was
certified to BES 6001 and of the production tonnage certified, 99% has achieved Very Good or
Excellent performance rating." As sustainability is a key world issue now, it is important to keep in
mind where companies produce their resources. If concrete was not responsibly sourced then a lot of
unwanted issues could arise. For example it could lead to the concrete not being of the same quality
as a responsibly sourced one. Also it may increase the carbon footprint and cause global warming if
responsibly sourcing was avoided to keep costs low. Although the short–term effects of using cheap
concrete is good the long–term effects of responsibly sourced concrete outweighs this. In their
analysis Georgopoulos and Minson (2014, p. 129) say, "The UK concrete industry is supporting the
BES 6001 as it is the most comprehensive standard available and measures the whole infrastructure
of the supply chain". It is not easy for companies to be certified by this and they have to meet certain
requirements, which includes having a

Building Design : Green Buildings
Green Buildings As Goldman Environmental Prize winner Terry Swearingen stated, "we are living
on this planet as if we had another one to go to." In today's society, the architectural process is
beginning to exponentially grow due to the vast need of building construction for evolving
communities. However, many architects are massively constructing without truly realizing the side
effects of building architecture to the economy or environment. A building plan should not be
viewed solely on the physical structure, but also the ecological and ethical impacts that the actual
construction can potentially create. Eco architecture is gradually integrating developing sustainable
concepts into the architectural world and experts are currently exploring green tactics to fulfill the
environmental and economical needs of architecture. The term "green" is coined with eco
architecture because the method of construction seeks to minimize harm and disruption to the
environment, while promoting energy efficiency and cost reduction through the moderate use of
natural materials. With the proper approach, architects could operate with a green technique that
could potentially strengthen quality control of construction, improve the efficiency of current
architecture, and depress the potential harm towards the economy and environment. The primary
goal of eco architecture revolves around the balance between energy efficiency and stable use of
materials and development space to sustain the

Analysis Of Heron Tower, The Junction Of Bishopsgate And...
This quote rings true evermore in the construction of buildings throughout history; the overarching
principle being that value for money is achieved in terms of the quality, cost, time and buildability
of the project.(1). Further research on the design criteria led me to produce sub criteria which form
the basis for my design proposals. These include: accessibility (ease of access), aesthetics,
functionality, productivity and sustainability. The cost implications of these criteria, form the
platform for my design change proposals.
2. Heron Tower, the design aspects The subject of my report is Heron Tower, located at the junction
of Bishopsgate and Camomile Street (110 Bishopsgate, EC2). It is a commercial skyscraper 230
metres in height, which consists of a series of 10 three–story 'villages' and one six–story 'village, an
atrium located at the heart of each section.(2)
Salesforce Tower has incorporated a design which takes inspiration from designs like the Seagram
building built in 1958 as well as some other contemporary modern designs (Century tower in Tokyo)
(3)
Notable descriptions include: few internal columns, incorporated natural light from both the glazing
and the atria ceilings.
The building orientation dictates the function and the aesthetics of the façade. For instance to the
east and west, the facades are transparent to allow for the best use of the climate, such as the
automatic blinds which change according to the position of the sun rays. The south face

Land Administration Systems Provide The Foundation For...
Executive summary
Land administration systems provide the foundation for building sustainable nations. Effective land
administration systems provide the framework that allows for sustainable exploitation of land as a
scarce resource. This paper compares and contrasts land administration systems in Netherlands and
Tanzania. It evaluates how the different socio–economic situation of both countries has influenced
the development and implementation of land administration systems. The findings of this study
show that socio–economic factors have considerable impacts in the development and management
of land administration systems. It concludes that in order for poor countries such as Tanzania to
sustainable development, they need to develop strong land administration institutions while
wealthier countries need to balance between development and environmental sustainability.
Table of Contents
Executive summary ii
1.0 Introduction 1
1.1 Aim and objectives 1
2.0 Sustainable development as a framework for evaluating land administration systems 2
3.0 Sustainable development framework and its attributes 3
4.0 Land Administration system in Netherland and Tanzania 5
4.1 Land policy 6
4.2 Land tenure 7
4.3 Land markets 7
4.3 Planning, environmental protection, and taxation 8
5.0 Discussion 8
6.0 Conclusion 10
References 12
1.0 Introduction
Land is the important resource for any country and all nations have systems and processes for
managing land resources. According to

The Environmental Performance Of New And Existing Buildings
BREEAM
BREEAM is the British Research Establishment Environmental Assessment Method. It is used to
assess the environmental performance of new and existing buildings.
Standard types of BREEAM assessment scheme exist for common building types:
 Courts
 Eco–Homes
 Education
 Healthcare
 Industrial
 Multi–residential
 Offices
 Prisons
 Retail
The assessment relates to eight areas:
 Overall management of the building
 Energy use
 Health and well being
 Pollution
 Transport
 Land use and ecology
 Materials
 Water
Assessment put a brief light on all of these areas, and grade them according to the influence of these
areas in the building. These all gradings then added together to give overall credits to the building,
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Building regulations are closely connected to Code, which are the least building standards required
by LAW. The Code flags the future heading of Building Regulations in connection to carbon
outflows from, and vitality use in homes, giving more noteworthy administrative sureness to the
home building industry.
From first May 2008 it has been compulsory for all new homes to have a rating against the Code
(this may be a "nil" rating showing no evaluation was embraced). Likewise, since April 2008 all

new social lodging must be assembled to at least Code level 3. Prerequisites for gathering certain
Code levels will be ventures up about whether to help meet the Government 's 2016 focus for all
new homes to be assembled to zero carbon norms.
The Code Scoring System
The Code for Sustainable Homes evaluates homes in nine outline classifications:
 Energy and Co2 emanations
 Water
 Materials
 Surface water run–off
 Waste
 Pollution
 Health and prosperity
 Management
 Ecology
"The issues are evaluated against an execution target and honored one or more credits.
Execution targets are more requesting than the base standard required to fulfill Building
Regulations or other enactment. They speak to great or best practice and are thought to be
in fact attainable and

Nt1310 Unit 1 The Environment Analysis
1) Factor 4:
The main aim of factor 4 is to decrease the level of materials utilization and usage of human
resources to one fourth level. The Factor 4 follows a set of guidelines for comparing design options
and for evaluating the performance of buildings and their component systems. Factor 4 suggests that
for humanity to live sustainably today, we must rapidly reduce resource consumption to one–quarter
of its current levels. Fortunately, the technology to accomplish Factor 4 reductions in resource
consumption already exists and requires only public policy prioritization and implementation.
2) Factor 10:
Energy use by buildings would be reduced by a Factor 10 or more below that of conventional
buildings. The purpose of factor 10 is a long–term ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Inactive outline utilizes the building's geometry, introduction, and mass to condition the structure
utilizing regular and climatologic gimmicks like the site's sun oriented insolation.
7) Natural Step:
The Natural Step provides a framework for considering the effects of materials selection on human
health. Robèrt suggested that many human health problems, particularly those of children, result
from materials we use in our daily lives. The extraction of resources such as fossil fuels and metal
ores from the planet's crust produces carcinogens and results in heavy metals entering the earth's
surface biosphere
8) Eco– efficiency:
The concept of eco–efficiency includes environmental impacts and costs as a factor in calculating
business efficiency. The WBCSD considers the term eco–efficiency to describe the delivery of
competitively priced goods and services that satisfy human needs and enhance the quality of life
while progressively reducing ecological impacts and resource intensity throughout the products' life
cycles to a level commensurate with the earth's estimated carrying capacity.
9) Ecological

Building A Sustainable Green Hotel
In recent years, environmental issues are being a fundamental topic around the world as the public
have been aware of the risks to our planet because of the harmful human being, such as
deforestation, over–consumption of energy, different kinds of pollution, over–construction, which
are incurring serious climate change and global warming. The replacement on the Millenium
Development Goals to 17 sustainable development goals also alerted people to concern about how
to make a better environment in a sustainable way under a high density urban city, where there are
constructions contributed to this community. Especially in hotel industry, a surge of travelers leaded
to the increase of hotel, which required plenty of land, energy and resources to achieve this huge
demand. However, there are several factors we need to consider before the launch of the project,
which are how to design a sustainable green hotel with a long term vision instead of becoming a
'stranded asset' in the future. So, in the following is my location and design of my hotel, considering
environmental factors and integrating five sustainable development principles in my concept.
My hotel will launch a long term vision called 'Love the Earth' which is related to green
management topic. It is committed to lead our hotel into a new stage towards sustainability
development so as to provide a better world for our generation in the future. With this mutual
commitment as for the companies and individuals, we would

Green Architecture and the Environment
Introduction
Green Architecture
Definition and Origin
Green architecture or Sustainable building is the practice of building homes which are environment
friendly and resource efficient throughout its life time. It is a way of reacting to the global economic
crisis, environmental issues, growing human population, destruction of natural resources and the
loss of biodiversity. While it may seem that this practice started only a few decades ago when
environmentalists and conservationist were given life, the ancient people put it up to use already
way back in their own times. The Anasazi Indians, for example, had built their homes in oriented in
the path of light during the day. This provided them with enough heating and sunlight for their ...
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And one way to do this is by having a good water and waste management. Through this
management water usage would be efficient and at the same time effective. And one way to manage
water is by applying grey water system. This system says that used water is not totally useless, and
thus can be used for something else like gardening. About 28% of the freshwater are used for toilets.
To lessen this, composting toilets can be used. Composting toilets aerobic decomposition. Another
way of utilizing water is by rainwater harvesting. Rainwater Harvesting is a process that
accumulates and stores freshwater from the rain and the accumulated water is then used for other
household purposes such as gardening.
Building placement and size are also considered in Green Architecture. Although manyt may
envision a green building in a rural, forested environment, this building placement may be
detrimental to its surrounding. The wastes that the household produces end up lying around their
home. Plus, the cost of energy required for transportation is higher when you are away from the
suburb. This may cause higher carbon emissions too. Green buildings are also preferably small in
size. This is to minimize the waste produced by the household from cleaning, air conditioning etc.
Also, architects suggest that green houses be one–storey to maximize space and lessen wastes.
Benefits of Green Architecture Not using high VOC containing

Opportunities For Sustainable Building Practices...
Opportunities in renewable energy in tourism Our initial assessment for The Birchwood Hotel down
town St. Petersburg focused on examining key areas for sustainable building practices consistent
with Green Key guidelines. The areas assessed were corporate environmental management,
housekeeping, conference and meeting spaces, food and beverage, engineering and maintenance.
Summing up the condition of each system served as a target for the property owners to make
improvements for their short and long–term needs that will align the property's mission and goals to
be more in line with Energy Conservation and Sustainable Business practices. The refurbished
property has been able to achieve its own décor and exclusive identity, but after the assessment was
graded, it was only able to earn one Green Key certification.
Problems Boutique hotels and resorts are independently branded and operated often creating a
difficult situation to achieve the required economies of scale; and in these present hostile economic
and political problems it results in fierce competition amongst other hotels. All give you similar
options, almost identical pricing, and one–of–a–kind experience. This property has been able to
achieve adequate performance when the market was good, but now that things are tougher, they are
suffering due to poorly conceived. The property doesn't have the size and scale to undertake
international marketing and sales at competitive levels, and lack of cash flow means low

Building Materials : A Sustainable Design And The Place Of...
"Buildings consume more resources than necessary, negatively impact the environment, and
generate a large amount of waste."
U.S. Department of Energy, 2003
The challenge, today, is to build intelligently, so that buildings use a minimum of non–renewable
resources and produce a minimum of pollution and wastes, while increasing the well–being of the
occupants.
This paper is an effort to understand the importance of building materials' selection in sustainable
design and the place of traditional materials in the contemporary sustainable architecture. Building
activity rapidly consumes finite resources and uses energy–intensive materials, while the
construction demand increases. In order to meet the future needs, we need to switch to more ...
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Designers should not overlook their qualities and capabilities, and sometimes their supremacy over
their energy–intensive counterparts during the material selection phase.
The research methodology of this study is based on review of literature written on the concept of
sustainability in constructions, the sustainability of building materials, as well as the sustainable
benefits of using traditional materials. Subsequently, it examines different approaches in the use of
traditional materials, through the presentation of successful examples of architecture from around
the world. It demonstrates that materials perceived as outdated or insufficient, can be used in a
contemporary way to minimise a building's environmental impact. It should be mentioned from an
early stage that the selected case studies focus only on addressing sustainability through the
selection or use of the examined materials and their contribution to the improved performance of the
construction; this paper does not take into consideration whether these buildings acquire other
sustainable attributes or utilise sustainable systems, although several of them perform exceptionally.
Dissertation Outline
This paper is structured in a way that aims to be easy to navigate and understand. It is structured in
the following chapters, gradually focusing to the role of traditional materials in sustainable
architecture.
In Chapter

Modern Methords of Construction in Supermarkets
methords of 1.0 Client Brief We have been approached by a large supermarket firm to advice on the
suitability of various Modern Methods of Construction systems for the use on a potential flagship
store. The initial brief from the client is that the new store must be sustainable, energy efficient and
carry low maintenance / operation costs. The proposal is to construct a large retail space of
approximately 5,000 m2 for sale of food and household goods. It is intended to be highly energy
efficient and sensitive to the local environment. 2.0 Why Modern Methods of Construction? Modern
methods of construction (MMC) are needed in the industry because of a growing number of factorts
that are effecting our built environment and the ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Wood is also aseptically pleasing and can provide a more relaxed, 'warmer' environment for
customers. To maximise the full potential of timber construction the use of glued laminated timber
(Glulam) could be used in the design to offer improved strength and increased spans. Glulam
structures offer excellent performance in the case of a fire. It can be calculated to a 0.7mm per min
char rate and unlike steel it can retain its strength. (Carpenter Oak and Wood Land, 2011) 4.2 Steel
frame We thought that steel frame was an obvious system to analysis and compare because it's a
widely utilised technique within the industry. They can be considered very similar to timber framed
construction in terms of similar working methods. Steel frames are already commonly used for retail
spaces as they can provide the wide open spans required in retail spaces, quick erecting times during
construction and the industry, such as contractors are generally familiar with its properties.
Furthermore another motive for steel is that there are many manufacturers and suppliers established
in the UK that specialise in steel construction and manufacturing. This provides a competitive
market that would help reduce costs and lead times when ordering. However steel demands lots of
energy in during its

Building Construction Essay
Building construction is not an act of nature, and it typically is not a very environmentally–friendly
activity. Every decision the architect and the engineer make throughout the development process;
from smaller scale constructions such as farm lands, parks, single–housing units, and sewage system
to a larger scale such as facilities, power plants, multi–family units, bridges, and highways, will
have a very close and direct impact to the environment directly and indirectly. In order to achieve a
better standard for the living quality without causing further burdens and negative impacts to the
planet earth, the ways to manage these major environmental impacts from the construction need to
be strongly enforced. Existing researches have suggested that construction sector is one of the
largest pollution contributors in our current society due to poor design strategies and usage of wrong
materials and technologies. These impacts are typically classified as on–site and off–site
construction activities. On–site activities include the actual construction of a physical facility,
causing air pollution, water and soil pollution, waste pollution, noise pollution, and traffic pollution.
Off–site activities are more focusing on the relationship between the pollution to the mining and
manufacturing of the materials, and the transportations of the materials. To prevent these issues,
more and more people have begun to look into the importance of sustainable construction practices,
and

The Sustainable And Secure Building Act 2004
The Sustainable and Secure Building Act 2004 is used for protecting the environment from being
ruined of destroyed because people who enjoy living around fresh and clean environments will get
annoyed and upset if the location is turned into a eye sore. It improves the building act of 1984 by
implementing some rules that improves the safety of the environment. Firstly, it introduces the
conservation of fuel and power which is the act of setting new energy efficiency standards in
buildings and structures. It controls the insulation values of building elements, the allowable area of
windows, doors and other openings, air permeability of the structure, the heating efficiency of
boilers and the insulation and controls for heating appliances. This

Case Study On Slip House
Project Title: Slip House
Architect: Carl Turner (Of Carl Turner Architects)
Clients: Carl Turner and Mary Martin
Completion: 2012
Location: 51A, Lyham Road, Brixton, London, SW2 5DS, UK. The house can also be found
through its coordinates: 51.456711, –0.128318 .
The house was built in a traditional Victorian area in Brixton, but the building itself is far from a
classic Victorian design. Slip House gets its name as it is made up of three simple 'slipped'
orthogonal boxes. This building was chosen because it is recognised as one of the best designed
private houses of 2013, as well as being one of the most eco–friendly, sustainable homes in the UK
to date. Slip House has been the recipient of, and shortlisted for, a number of awards in both 2012
and 2013. What puts it ahead of its time is its mix of energy–efficient credentials, making a highly
desirable model for a family terrace home that is almost energy–bill free.
Minimalistic mentalism along with the desire for flexibility were to key factors in the design on the
building. The building is divided up into three ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Judging by its vast recognition of merits it is evident that Turner's claims that it is "one of the lowest
energy houses built in the UK" does not lack credibility. Slip House shows what can be achieved
when a sustainable, passive goal and active renewable technologies are thoughtfully incorporated
into a design from the outset. In fact the building was such a success that Carl Turner Architects
have expanded by beginning to construct a second building on a site beside Slip House which still
conforms to the sustainable ideas of the original. Also the firm are expanding from their comfort of
working with private buildings and are in discussions with housebuilders about plans to build a
terrace of houses based on the slip house as a prototype

Building A Sustainable Campus For Higher Education
For decades now, world leaders have set aside negotiations concerning climate change because the
issue was not convenient to deal with. This approach has benefited some, who bear the cost of fixing
the environment, and has harmed future generations of humans who now have to deal with the mess
that climate change has left behind. A glimmer of hope in reaction to the deal of Chinese and
American fossil fuel reduction is matched by a stock market that has favored green technology is a
starting point for restoring the human right of a clean environment. The University of Massachusetts
and the Political Economy Research Institute represent the efforts and new ideas that will pave the
way for ideas that will inspire a healthy economy that has a complimentary environment. The
University demonstrates these efforts through its numerous policies and practices that aim at
establishing a sustainable campus for higher education. Among these revolutionary approaches to a
green campus is the campus's first public level 3 electric vehicle charger located next to the
transportation services building. The level 3 charger represents the University's dedication to a
sustainable campus, which can be used as a working model for other universities and even small
towns, and how sustainable cars are the vehicle for positive environmental change. The charger was
opened for use in February of 2014 and presented by Chancellor Subbaswamy and state Secretary of
Energy and Environmental Affairs

A Research On Sustainable Engineering Building
Sustainable Engineering Building In our world, today we make more and more discoveries every
day and with that new knowledge comes innovation. Since the engineering building was first built in
the late 1890's, there have been many advances in becoming a more environmentally friendly
building. It is time to transform this historical building into what will be one of the greenest
buildings on any campus in the world. Before the University was Texas A&M, it was initially owned
and called East Texas State University. It was not until 1995 that the school was bought by Texas
A&M. Texas A&M University–Commerce was originally established by William L. Mayo at
Cooper, Delta County, in 1889. But sadly after five years the school caught fire ... Show more
content on Helpwriting.net ...
Toxins have leached out of industry facilities and factories into water supplies such as streams,
rivers and into the world 's oceans. Marine and aquatic life has suffered as a result of these
poisonous chemicals contaminating ocean beds, wetlands and marshlands. Once a healthy food
source, seafood and fresh water fish are often dangerous to eat due to mercury and other harmful
and deadly chemicals found in randomly tested fish and seafood. (Painter 2017)" Sally brings up an
excellent point when the says that "toxins have leached out of facilities and factories" because when
most think of going green they think how to save energy. But going green is not just about saving
energy; it is about making a cleaner environment at the same time. What is sustainable design? For
the past, the art of creating a building was much more simple due to the fact that there were not as
many requirement on size, efficiency, and economy. There was not a care in the world on what
effects these buildings would have on the future civilization. But in the world today, the construction
industry has become much more concerned with what the future holds. According to Daniel Vallero
and Chris Brasier, sustainable design or "Green Design" is "Green design encompasses numerous
ways to improve processes and products to make them more efficient from an environmental
standpoint." (Vallero, Brasier) In other words when designing a building

Designing A Design And Building Health Care Facilities For...
In the past 15 years, modular constructions are widely used in all kinds of new buildings. Architects
prefer the way of built and design because of the sustainable and economic performances. Also, it is
an ideal way to improve the variability of a project significantly to adjust to the development of the
urban and growth of the population. Texas has the best health care facilities and medical research
institutes in the world and keep growing rapidly for decades. It should be a promising design
practice to apply modular construction to design and build health care facilities for higher efficiency
and sustainability. Although many researches had done in both filed of design, there are only a few
attention on strategies to combine them ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The built environment should be as importance as the building process (Guenther, 2009).
As the trend of healthcare architecture research and design, sustainability is researched by scholars.
What is more important, the theory should be tested and practiced in planning, designing and
constructing. Varied strategies have been worked out by world wide designers and constructors.
Modular construction and design is one of the thousands of strategies. A research done by Wu
(2014) analyzed the ecological performance of modular constructions. By criteria of the LEED,
charts and calculations were finished to prove sustainable performance of buildings. Also, the author
summarized how modular construction works. First, designers should figure out specific rule to
determine the modular decomposition. Then, each modular was designed individually by sustainable
standard. At last, the modules would be combined together and test the function requirement (Wu,
2014). The author also mentioned that a green building technology modular system could be built up
by combining with the theory and the characteristics of green building technology system.
Obviously, it is a unique way of design using modular as thinking and design method, also can be
called a theory, to meet the sustainable requirements. As a kind of construction method, modular
construction itself has own features including sustainability. A book

Site Assessment Essay
Human Health Impacts – As stated earlier, LEED acknowledges the construction of a building at a
site and all its impacts on the existing ecosystem. It evaluates the proximity of vulnerable
populations, adjacent physical activity opportunities, and proximity to large sources of air pollution.
The construction of a building may lead to unwanted and harmful emissions into the ecosystem.
Hence, building use is defined and all possible effects on local populations are determined to avoid
any predictable future damage to health and lifestyle of the present population at the site.
Efficacy of Site Assessment
Site assessment is a fundamental part of site sustainability credit of the rating system. Regardless of
the possible maximum points this ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Although it is new, it serves as one of the most significant parts of the site sustainability credit. This
inventory report directly relates the site to the relative ecological and biological aspects of a
landscape. This preliminary look at the conditions of the site enhances the sustainability in the initial
design and planning stages, providing a sustainable start to the project planning. The site assessment
worksheet should have more extensive site research inquiries which further explore sustainable
options. I propose the site assessment report should include more aspects of site inspection like
The heat island effect provision under sustainable sites carries two–point weight on the rating
system when it just focuses on building envelope whereas site assessment should require assessing
the building setting and envelope beforehand before the construction even begins to be able to make
provisional steps during design and construction to reduce it (heat island effect).
A possible change suggested in this credit would be to increase the weight from one point to at least
two points in terms of LEED pilot credit points (may involve merging of heat island effect into site
assessment credit).
Bibliography
Lagro, James A. "Part– 3 Site Inventory and Analysis." Site Analysis – A Conceptual Approach to
Sustainable Land Planning and Site Design, 2nd ed., pp. 99–123. – In this book James A Lagro
carefully details each crucial step in

The Sustainable Measures Of Middle Eastern Heritage Buildings
The sustainable measures of Middle Eastern heritage buildings are limited, as well the international
green rating system versions are still unsuitable and unable to adapt the local conditions and
customs. Despite the Arab efforts to have their own rating systems, such as Abu Dhabi, Qatar and
Kuwait (Komurlu, Ruveyda, Asli Pelin Gurgun, and David Arditi 2015, Omar Attallah, Sherif,
Ahmad Senouci, Amr Kandil, and Hassan Al–Derham 2013), sustainability in most Middle Eastern
countries is still deficient and facing many challenges presented by the lack of the cooperation and
supports of the local Arabic organizations, and the dearth of metrics, gap of research, measurement
field, monitoring systems, and environmental management and regulations (Komurlu, Ruveyda,
David Arditi, and Asli Pelin Gurgun 2014). Despite Syrian government 's concern for the
environment and sustainability, the situation of environmental research field is still weak (Haydar
and Pediaditi 2010). Ministry of Local Administration in Syria directed towards the observance of
environmental conditions within the updating of building codes for the cities, trying to raise
awareness and training national cadres. The only Syrian thermal insulation code, was published by
National Syrian Arab Standards and Metrology Organization, is still very limited (SASMO 2015).
The process of promoting and developing on the built environment research field in Syria faces
difficulties and obstacles; because of the weak linkages

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