An Analysis Of A Commitment Contract For Smoking Cessation...

An analysis of a Commitment Contract for Smoking Cessation...
An analysis of a Commitment Contract for Smoking Cessation (CARES)
Maastricht University
School of Business & Economics
Place & date:
Maastricht, 23. January 2014
Names, initials:
Irene Lopez Santiago, Maxime Mülhausen, Léo Schwering
For assessor only
ID number:
I6075315, I6075392, I6075347
1. Content
Study:
EC, IB, IB
2. Language structure
Course code:
EBS 1001
3. Language accuracy
Group number:
Tutorial Group 15
Group A
4. Language: Format & citing/referencing
Tutor name:

Diogo Da Cunha Batista Geraldes
Overall:
Writing tutor name:
Diogo Da Cunha Batista Geraldes
Advisory grade
1. Introduction
It is very common for people to make ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
After six months they were asked to come in to take an urine test, to detect nicotine and cotinine. If
they passed, their money was returned to them. If they failed, the money was given to charity. The
aim of this product was to psychologically influence smokers to attempt to stop smoking, as they
were under pressure of losing some of their money if they did not (Giné, Karlan & Zinman, 2009).
The results from this program showed a reasonably good outcome, when taking into consideration
the success rate of other programs with a similar aim. Overall, the same percentage of people
stopped smoking as with any other smoking program. However, the amount of money that the effort
took was considerably lower than with other schemes (Giné et al., 2009). After all, nicotine patches
need to be frequently purchased until the physical addiction passes, and the same applies to other
schemes, so that quitting smoking is relatively expensive, even if not as much as keeping smoking
indefinitely. Of course this program has just been studied in one occasion, and to be certain of its
success more trials and long term scrutiny should be made.
2.3 The empirical cycle
There are many different standardized ways of testing whether a theory is correct and whether a
study has followed the required methods for it to be officially accepted. One such way is by using
the empirical cycle, which is made up of five steps and describes a circle
... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...

Smoking Cessation Case Study
Without a smoking cessation program, 95% of those attempting to quit will fail. With the aid of a
smoking cessation program, the results may change.
The most common and convenient program available for smoking cessation is telephone quit lines.
There are several options available under this and they provide a number of resources to help the
smoker. These programs are also free to the smoker.
"Telephone quitline counseling is effective with diverse populations and has broad reach. Therefore,
both clinicians and health care delivery systems should ensure patient access to quitlines and
promote quitline use" (https://www.tobaccofreekids.org/research/factsheets/pdf/0245.pdf)
The state of Wisconsin has its own quit line, 1–800–QUIT–Now. This ... Show more content on
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These can be taken by themselves or with one of the above programs. There are a few prescriptions
available: Zyban, Chantix, nasal spray, or an inhalers. The price on these depends on if you have
insurance and if they cover it, and how much your copay might be. The success rate from one study
shows 36% initially and 30% after one year. There are three options available over the counter:
nicotine patch, gum and lozenges. The previous study shows a 23% success rate on the patch, and if
you combine this with the prescription, the results are 39% initially and 35.5% after one year. This
study also states if you don't use any program you will have a 5% success rate, but if you combine
with one of these replacement therapies your success will triple.
(http://www.tobaccofree.org/quitlinks.htm). These products are available in various locations,
including supermarkets and drug stores. Walmart sells a generic version of the gum with 170 pieces
for $30.98 and the brand name Nicorette for 170 pieces at $57.98. For the patch, they sell their
generic version for 14 count at $25.98 and the name brand NicoDerm 14 count at $38.98. With the
lozenges, they sell their version with 108 pieces for $30.98 and Nicorette for 81 pieces at $35.37.
Several of the manufactures of these products also offer telephone

Ear Acupressure For Smoking Cessation
Ear Acupressure for Smoking Cessation
Smoking is a prevalent problem throughout the United States. It is an addiction and it can be very
challenging for individuals to quit. However, through medication and nonpharmacological
treatments smoking cessation is possible. One nonpharmacological method that has been researched
is using ear acupressure. This paper will discuss the research article Ear Acupressure for Smoking
Cessation: A Randomized Controlled Trial and how it relates to a hospital patient. People with
addictions can have a very difficult time overcoming them. While pharmacological methods have
been effective, it is worth it to do research and see if nonpharmacological methods can be more
effective. The science of ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The study aimed to investigate effectiveness and safety of using ear acupressure in smoking
cessation. A single acupuncturist was trained to perform the same procedures during each
consultation and did not discuss any aspect of the procedures with participants to ensure blinding
and treatment consistency. Participants were recruited using the local newspaper advertisements,
posters and the RMIT University website which led to a very large sample size. This is appropriate
for a study of this nature which has an extensive list of exclusion criteria. There were ninety–five
smokers that were screened for eligibility for the study, eighteen failed to meet inclusion criteria, ten
did not wish to participate, twelve were unable to participate, and twelve were unable to be reached
after the screening process (Anthony, Yuan Ming, Worsnop, May, Cliff Da, & Charlie, 2013). The
reliability of a study refers to the study's consistency and that repeated measures produced similar
measurement values. The validity of a study is determined by the degree in which an instrument
measures what it is supposed to measure (Burns, Grove, & Gray, pp.287–290, 2015). This study
however, did not determine either validity or reliability.
The inclusion criteria were individuals who were 18 and older, smoked more than ten cigarettes per
day for a year or greater, and the intention to quit smoking on an agreed date. The exclusion criteria
was: any pathological condition of the ear;

Smoking Cessation Essay
To promote smoking cessation program New Zealand government has taken many initiatives, and
nurses have pivotal role in the success of these initiatives. Culture of nursing plays very important
role in patients' health, so when nurse work with patient it is very essential to evaluate the cultural
aspects of nursing in detail.
New Zealand Government has taken numerous activities to quit smoking among Maori pregnant
woman (Ministry of Health,[MOH] 2014) .IN 2011 government set an objective, to make smoke
free New Zealand in 2025 (MOH,2014). Government provided many rules for helping individuals to
quit smoking, among them ABC approach (Ask about smoking history, Give Brief advice,
Cessation) is effective among Maori pregnant woman. (MOH ,2014). ABC approach serves to do
evidence based clinical practice, and provides smoking cessation programs like Quitline ,face to
face discussion (Aukati kai paipa)etc (MOH,n.d). ABC approach specially focused to some groups
like Maori, pacific and pregnant woman ,and the primary point is to diminish the rate ... Show more
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Maori ladies experience numerous health problem related to smoking, so as a nurse give
exhortation, support and medicines to clients, Smoking cessation guidance and support are the most
critical segment of maternity tend to pregnant smokers (MOH, 2009). Aukati Kaipaipa project is
conveyed the nation over by 32 administration suppliers, and 6610 stop smoking spots accessible
inside of this project (MOH,2014).A nurse has a role to give free discussion to individual or a group
based on smoking

Smoking Cessation Intervention Essay
Introduction/Literature Review
According to the introduction of this article, the authors clearly revealed the cause and effect of the
smoking regarding increase cost of healthcare, high volume of smoking phenomena, and excessive
burden of smoking. From the literature review, the authors showed the current evidence and
coherent flow of idea about the development of smoking cessation interventions, analysis causes of
unsuccessful interventions, and gaps in smoking cessation interventions. The authors did not clearly
explain or give more details about the reasons for using the telephone approach in this study.
As per the hypothesis of the study, the authors apparently stated that if covering a usual care in–
hospital smoking cessation intervention beyond discharge, it would improve cessation rates beyond
those of the in–hospital intervention alone. The authors evidently showed that the two majors
theoretical based on the SCNS intervention are the Stages of Change model and the motivational ...
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Moreover, I agreed with the authors that these findings might not reflect the perfect outcomes, but it
showed some data to develop the better intervention. Therefore, the implication and suggestion
discussing in this study, such as patient characteristics, belief, difference severity of chronic diseases
and so on, were more valuable not only for clinical practice, but also for the research study in
smoking cessation interventions. Overall Presentation and Final Summary The overall presentation
and final summary of this study are logically reported with concisely writing content. Although it
has the word limitation for an abstract, the content is easy to understand. The title of the study was
accurately describing the type of study, primary variables, and target population. For increasing
feasibility, the authors should explore the participant's opinion about the

Smoking And Smoking Cessation
Smoking is an addiction that risks one's health which in turn can lead to death. As time advances,
both smokers and non–smokers have begun understand the harm in this deadly habit as it doesn't
only affect the smokers, but anyone who encounters second–hand smoke. Since people have become
aware of the health risks of smoking, cessation tools such as nicotine replacement therapy were
invented to help cigarette smokers terminate their desires to smoke. As technology improves,
smoking tools are created, like the electronic cigarette (e–cigarette) that was invented in 2003
(Rahman, Hann, Wilson, & Worrall–Carter, 2014). Electronic cigarettes can deliver low doses of
nicotine to ease withdrawal symptoms. Furthermore, as electronic cigarettes increase in popularity
the question arises if these devices can be used for smoking cessation purposes like nicotine
replacement therapy (NRT). After discussing the topics of e–cigarettes and smoking cessation, one
will conclude that electronic cigarettes can be compared to nicotine replacement therapy as a
successful quitting method. Furthermore, the use of electronic cigarettes can be an effective method
of smoking cessation. Typically, the first step of smoking cessation is having the desire to quit
smoking. Moreover, smoking cessation can be hard to accomplish when the smoker does not intend
to quit smoking. For one to abandon this habit, one would think that a desire to quit should be
present for a successful cessation. Electronic

Smoking Cessation Articles: A Review
Smoking Cessation Article Review
Smoking cessation is a complex process, largely because it represents a convergence of both
scientific and highly personal variables. Success in smoking cessation is driven by a wide array of
factors. The three articles discussed here offer three distinct dimensions on the subject.
The primary objective of the study by Anderson & Keller (2002) is to draw a direct correlation
between the transtheoretical model of health behavior and the variables associated with smoking
cessation. The purpose is to promote an improvement of existing smoking cessation programs by
finding ways to hone in on determinant independent variables. The transtheoretical model employed
in the study is important to our discussion because, as the researchers acknowledge, this is a
commonly employed mode to altering health behaviors where smoking is concerned. Anderson &
Keller describe the transtheoretical model of behavior change, explaining that "five stages of change
represent a temporal dimension that provides a means to understand when a change in attitude
toward a problem behavior occurs." (p. 282)
By pinpointing the present variables that impact which stage a participant experienced this attitude
change, the study helps us to better understand how certain factors dictate the ability to quit
smoking. Their contribution is the logistical regression aimed at correlating different stages in
cessation (precontemplation, preparation, etc.) with particular lifestyle,

What Are The Inventions To Promote Smoking Cessations...
Our group chose a research question stating what are the interventions to promote smoking
cessations among teenagers. I chose to search the topic through the Chamberlain library database
instead of using Google. The database I used from the Chamberlain library is EBSCO Databases –
Main Search Page. The terms that I used to search for my article is smoking cessation and
adolescent and United States. I wanted to retrieve an article that is not only relevant to the research
question, but is able to answer the research question. When I entered in the terms that I was using to
search for my article, I had a search result of 2,826 articles. Before I move forward into choosing
my article, I made sure that my article was within a reasonable time ... Show more content on
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The independent variables, in the quantitative study, are the cognitive behavioral therapy with CBM
or with sham–training. The dependent variable is the promise for smoking cessation outcomes. The
participants were recruited from public high schools in Connecticut. Information sheets were mailed
to the parents two weeks before recruitment providing details of the study. The inclusion criteria
included: ages 14–18, self–reported daily smoking in the past 6 months, and willing to participate in
the smoking cessation program (Kong et al., 2015). No information was given to describe the
exclusion criteria in the study. A total number of 26 adolescent participants were assessed for
eligibility; 18 were randomly selected for CMB or sham–training. Seven participants did not meet
the criteria and 1 participant could not be reached.
The combined sample of CMB and Sham, 65% of males was 16.57 (SD = 1.24) years old and
smoked 11.72 (SD = 6.55) cigarettes per day (Kong et al., 2015, p. 4). In the CBM result, 50% of
females was 16.63 (SD = 0.74) years old and smoked 10.99 (SD = 6.72) cigarettes per day. In the
Sham result, 20% of females was 16.90 (SD = 1.10) years old and smoked 9.25 (SD = 6.42)
cigarettes per day. Research assistants and CBT therapists were the specialists who collected the
data. All therapists, who volunteered for the study, had to have a master's level of education and
experience in working with adolescents (Kong et

Smoking Cessation in New Zealand
TITLE: SMOKING CESSATION IN NEW ZEALAND
RATIONALE AND AIM
The aim of my proposal is to give valuable information about smoking and smoking cessation in a
presentation that could be helpful to teenagers and pregnant women who want to quit smoking. The
presentation will use simple pictures and language to make it easy for everybody to learn about the
harmful impact of smoking on health. Along with this, there are three key goals of tobacco control
exercises: To lessen the use of smoking, to discontinue smoking, diminishing introduction to a
second–hand smoker. In this presentation I will discuss different strategies that are identified to stop
smoking, for example, strategies to stop routine use of smoking in New Zealand, the viability of
these strategies, health related dangers of smoking, the benefits of stopping smoking.
I have chosen this subject because of the fact that it will give helpful information might be to those
individuals who need to stop smoking such as teenagers and pregnant ladies who have a higher risk
from health related issues, moreover passive smokers will additionally get benefit from these
methods and can enable themselves to keep smoke free.
BENEFITS: The main benefit is to the public, such as pregnant women and teenagers, and future
generations. It will help people to improve their financial situation if they quit smoking.
Additionally, it will helpful to pregnant mothers who are not aware about the health related risks and
the severity of that

Health Disparities In Smoking Cessation
Having a chance to find literatures on the topic of health disparities in smoking cessation helps me
in obtaining an in–depth understanding of how different populations having different health
outcomes and behaviors that related to smoking cessation. All of these disparities could be attributed
to various factors, which made me realize that everything happening around us causes by many
reasons. Since I am interested in the topic of social inequalities, and what I would like to do is to
learn about the correlation between these inequalities and its impact on human mental processes.
This experience provides me a better sense of how disparities in smoking cessation impact our life,
and why these disparities exist among smokers.
During the past ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Having low income and living under the poverty line bring stress to people's life, and stress could
increase the smoking rate since people think smoking could reduce stress7. Having a low SES
creates tremendous barriers to individuals. For example, people who with low SES are more likely
to be uninsured5, which means they have less access to health care services. And having less health
care services lead to less smoking cessation services and advices that provided by health care
providers, which would be a reason why they are less likely to quit smoking

Smoking Cessation Programs
Inhale deeply. The psychologically addictive gases zoom through your mouth and fleetingly fill your
lungs: "one, two, three, ...". Exhale lightly then inhale deeply. The hot, heavy smoke begins to take
over your lungs, your nose, your mouth, leaving behind a robust, yet enticing taste: "one, two, three,
...". Exhale lightly then inhale deeply. The "buzz" lasts for a few minutes, but the relaxation lingers
for a couple of hours. Cravings are satisfied, distractions are shut out, and troubles seemingly blow
away. The smoke inhaled and the air breathed becomes indistinguishable necessities that control
you. The key difference between smoking and the air we breathe, however, is that one is required for
life and the other purely satisfies an internal ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
As such, smoking cessation programs should not only employ a combination of psycho–educational,
behavioural, and social learning strategies, but also be thought of as process of behaviour change
that occurs in consecutive stages (Stiefel, 2006). Therefore, smoking cessation programs ought to
rely on the Stages of Change Model as it does just that. Formulated by Prochaska and Di Clemente
originally for smoking cessation, the Stages of Change Model is an integrative model that provides a
descriptive account of the processes of intentional behaviour change unfolding over time based on
the individual's readiness of change and proposes that individuals move through five stages
commencing in pre–contemplation, progressing to contemplation, then to preparation, action, and,
ultimately, maintenance (Warwick–Booth et al., 2012). Though progression through the Stages of
Change can transpire in a linear manner, a nonlinear progression is common. Often, individuals
linger in a particular stage or regress to former stages from later ones. The main assumption
undermining the Stages of Change Model is that a person's behaviour and choices are contingent on
where the individual stands in the stages of behaviour change. In other words, the clinician
examines the smoker's readiness for change and guides him or her through the stages accordingly,
instead of expecting a behaviour change based irrelevant factors like the amount of meetings
attended in a certain time frame. In the pre–contemplation stage individuals are unaware of the
problems with smoking. They are seen as resistant or unmotivated, and tend to avoid information,
discussion, or thought with regards to quitting smoking because they have no interest in doing so. In
the contemplation stage, the individual has not stopped smoking, but is seriously considering it.
They

Smoking Cessation: Management Plan
Smoking Cessation–Management Plan
Tobacco consumption is one of the modifiable risk factors that causes or worsens numerous diseases
and conditions. Tobacco used is the leading cause for cancer and cancer death in the world. Smoking
increases the incidence of cancer of the lung, esophagus, kidney, bladder, stomach, colon etc. but
also that of chronic diseases in particular cardiovascular disease, pulmonary disease like pneumonia,
chronic obstructive pulmonary disease( COPD) while weakening the body's immune system.
Furthermore, smoking is responsible for the death of 480,000 people every year in the United States
of America from which many are secondhand smoking.(Center for Disease Control and Prevention
[CDC], 2016) Among other effects, ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
In order to minimize these risk factors Allan is introduced to Community Partners Program that can
help with financial struggle and support in finding a job. Also Indiana Tobacco Quitline (the 1–800–
Quit Now) is a free telephone counseling service assist Allan to speak with a real Quit Couch or
interact with a web Coach in time of need. It is knowing that quitting smoking is a process involving
successes and relapses. If that happens to Allan's case non–nicotine medication can be added to the
treatment plan or additional nicotine replacement therapy (gum, lozenges) can double the chance of
success. Using pharmacological approach and a more personalized counseling in which one–on–
one interaction with a trained counselors can assist Allan in learning to avoid better the triggers (
like coffee or stress) and working in getting more support from family and friends. Healthy balanced
diet, exercise program and stress management can be added to the plan. It is important to Allan to
know that he is not alone in this journey and a different approach can be explored for the help of the
healthcare provider to

Summary: Smoking Cessation
Motivational Interview One– Smoking Cessation
The concept of motivational interviewing is something that has been around for quite some time. In
fact, health care providers have probably been using this technique for decades but just didn't have a
name for it. The term motivational interviewing is can be defined as a collaborative, goal–oriented
kind of change that is designed to strengthen a patient's personal motivation and commitment to a
specific goal by exploring their own reasons for change while in an environment of acceptance and
compassion (Adelman & Myhre, 2013).
In this case study, smoking cessation was addressed. Per an article on the CDC website, tobacco use
remains the largest preventable cause of death and disease in the ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
It was a bit challenging to get the conversation to flow properly as I was having a tough time
making it feel "real". After the first few questions, it did get better. Daniel initially came to the
appointment looking for advice. He was debating on whether or not he should quit smoking, as he
had tried before in the past and was not successful. He had gained quite a bit of weight with his
previous attempts, and was concerned that this would happen again. He stated that it was important
to quit smoking due to his health issues, along with the fact that his daughter has asthma. He
understands that second hand smoke can make his daughter's asthma symptoms worse. He rates his
confidence level of being able to quit at a 4–5. He stated he was at a 4–5 because of his previous
failed attempts to quit. He uses smoking to deal with everyday stress and when he quit before he
substituted smoking with unhealthy snacks. The weight gain is an obstacle for him. He had tried
using nicotine gum before, but that did not work for him. He is willing to try other medications such
as the nicotine patch and Chantix. He also recognizes the need for healthier snacking options when
he does get a craving. By the end of the interview, he and I came up with a plan for quitting that he
was comfortable with. By having him call in 1 week and following up in the clinic in 2 weeks, he
will have had a chance to put the plan in effect, as well as report any side effects from the

With smoking kiosks in place, these would make the ideal place to advertise for smoking cessation
programs. This approach would work hand in hand to benefit the smoker.
Without a smoking cessation program, 95% of those attempting to quit will fail. With the aid of a
smoking cessation program, the results may change.
At the University of Texas, they offer a Quitters class, which is a free four session class held at their
Counseling and Mental Health Center. This is a small class led by a professional. They also offer
individual counseling for $5 a session. The school has a mobile app Quitters mobile and also links to
several nationwide apps and mobile sites which are listed below
The American Cancer Society offers a program called Fresh Start. ... Show more content on
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Advertisement for meetings in the area could be offered, or if possible the school could start its own
meetings in the school. The second option would require money as promotional material and
pamphlets would be purchased from their website. Pamphlets cost twenty–five cents each with
seventeen different ones available
The most common and convenient program available for smoking cessation is telephone quit lines.
There are several options available and they provide a number of resources to help the smoker.
These programs are also free to the smoker.
The state of Wisconsin has its own quit line, 1–800–QUIT–Now. This number is open twenty–four
hours a day, seven days a week. Their counselors offer coaching, with ideas and available resources
for the smoker. They also grant access to a discussion board online to further help. Media posters are
available through their website, which can be posted throughout the school or in smoking shelters.
There is no charge for the materials, you only pay for the shipping costs.
Another option is the American Cancer Society, 1–800–ACS–2395. They will provide resources in
your area and you will receive counseling from a trained

The Efficacy And Safety For Smoking Cessation Treatment
A PHASE 2, RANDOMIZED, DOUBLE–BLIND, PLACEBO–CONTROLLED STUDY TO
EVALUATE THE EFFICACY AND SAFETY OF NICOTINEX (NiX) COMPARED TO
PLACEBO FOR SMOKING CESSATION
Product: NiX
Protocol Number: A6012890
US IND Number: 76, 224
Development Phase: II
Created by: Manoj Amaraneni
1. INTRODUCTION
1.1 Indication
NiX is indicated as an aid to smoking cessation treatment.
1.2 Background and Rationale
Currently, about half of the 1 billion people smoking will eventually die from smoking related
diseases1. Less than 5% of the smokers are able to stay abstinent for one year after a quit attempt,
due to lack of effective therapies2. Nicotine ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Antibody levels were boosted by a second injection, and the vaccine was well tolerated. Based on
these encouraging results, we are now planning to perform an exploratory phase II randomized trial
in smokers between the ages of 18 and 70 years.
2. STUDY OBJECTIVES AND END POINTS
2.1 Objectives
The objectives of this phase II trial are
To compare the clinical efficacy of NiX to placebo in smokers willing to quit.
To evaluate the safety of NiX in healthy smokers.
To determine the immunogenicity of NiX.
2.2 End points
Efficacy
Continuous abstinence will be assessed at 6 months (week 24) after the prime dose. Assessment will
be based on the measurement of exhaled carbon monoxide (CO) and urinary cotinine at each visit
and self–reported number of cigarettes smoked during that time interval. A participant with a CO

level of 10 ppm at screening.
Individuals with negative urine screening tests for drug addiction (Opiate, Cocaine, Cannabinoids,
Alcohol, Methamphetamines).
Subjects who are willing and able to comply with scheduled visits, treatment plan, laboratory tests
and other study procedures.
Females who are not of childbearing potential and who are not nursing can be included. Females
who are of childbearing potential may be included provided that they are not pregnant, not nursing,
and who meet all of the following criteria:
 Are instructed and agreed to avoid pregnancy through 30 days after the last

Smoking Cessation Research Paper
Smoking cessation is can be define a process of quitting smoking tobacco produces. There are many
ways and product in today society that can help smoker quit the habit of smoking. These produces
are often called smoking cessation products. These produces are medicines that help people stop
smoking or using other form of tobacco. Smoking cessation can improve one's health in increasing
their chance of not getting COPD, cancer and decrease one's social life or life span.
Smoking is one of the main causes of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary disease also called COPD.
According to the World Health Organization (WHO) COPD is "a lung disease characterized by
chronic obstruction of lung airflow that interferes with normal breathing and is not fully reversible".
(Chronic). ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
I know because I've done it thousands of times". (Twain). As Medical Assistant we spend
considerable time with patients, averaging about one–half as much time with them as physicians so
my knowledge of smoking cessation can help educate patient. It can help me in the preparation for
some prevention programs, including mammography referral, tobacco cessation, and screening for
domestic violence. Have this knowledge have can help in making proposals to transform primary
care highlight the crucial importance of redefining practice roles to optimize teamwork and
appropriate application of skills. Smoking cessation can improve one's health, emotion and social
wellbeing. Quitting smoking can lower one's chances of get COPD, Cancer and decrease one's
social

Best Strategies for Smoking Cessation Is it possible to quit smoking, something that is highly
addictive? The answer is yes. Smoking cessation can be achieved. Cessation is defined as being
brought to an end. Smoking is not only addicting, it damages the human body. Anczak and Nogler
(2003) stated, "tobacco use is the world's leading preventable cause of death in the United States,
accounting for 430,000 deaths annually." When tobacco smoke is inhaled the nicotine makes its way
to the brain, producing a feeling of relaxation and stress relief. The feeling is short–lived as the body
rids itself of the drug, and that is when the craving of another cigarette occurs. Smoking causes
many diseases such as cancer, heart disease, stoke, lung disease, diabetes, and several more. A
patient reaching his or her optimal level of health, while maintaining safety, is a health care
provider's goal. Cessation of smoking must be achieved to maintain a healthy lifestyle. The thesis of
this paper is smoking cessation can be safely achieved by participation of the individual, his or her
willingness to quit, participation of the healthcare staff, safe smoking cessation interventions, and a
strong support system.
History and Background The history of smoking goes all the way back to 1492. Smoking cigarettes
was never thought to be harmful, therefore it was just a normal way of society. Scientists believed
for numerous centuries that tobacco was causing deaths (Alshishtawy 2013). In

Respiratory Therapist Role In Smoking Cessation
Smoking Cessation
Cigarette smoking is widely accepted as one of the most readily available addictive substances a
person can buy. A person may visit any corner store, any gas station, and there would be a strong
chance cigarettes would be sold behind the register. A respiratory Therapists practice revolves
around the lungs, not only do they treat patients suffering from pulmonary diseases, but they also
help patients move away from unhealthy habits which may have a damaging impact on their lungs
and respiratory system, namely smoking. The following points will further explore the Respiratory
Therapist part in smoking cessation, such as their role in patient education and prevention, patient
counseling as well as their role in forming a treatment ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
It is the RT's role to provide education to the patient, as well as provide support and counseling to
ensure successful smoking cessation. Within Egan's it explains that "Critical elements in achieving
successful smoking cessation include identifying "teachable moments" (i.e., during episodes of
illness in which smoking can be identified as a contributing factor") (Kacmarek et al. 523). For
instance if a Therapist was taking care of an asthmatic patient whom is a known heavy smoker and
frequently visits the hospital, a therapist would present to the patient that their cigarette smoking is
having a negative impact on their health and exacerbating their asthma symptoms. And begin to
inform them about the lesser known facts about smoking.
Egan's also goes on to explain that during smoking cessation a RT could follow the 5 A's, of
smoking cessation "Ask if they are smoking, Advise to quit, Assess willingness to quit, Assist by
providing a plan, Arrange a follow–up" (Kacmarek et al. 523). The Therapists role now begins to get
further involved with the patient, and progresses to shift from educating the patient to counseling the
patient. Thus building rapport with the patient and further reinforcing the idea of quitting

Essay on Smoking Cessation Methods
Tobacco addiction contributes to approximately 438,000 deaths in the United States each year2,
with smoking cigarettes constituting one of the most common preventable causes of death, on report
asserts3. Tobacco use kills five million people a year worldwide, another source stresses4. Quitting
smoking, or at least reduction, for instance, could greatly reduce the occurrence of coronary heart
disease and other forms of cardiovascular disease.1,5 These diseases that can be prevented or
reduced include heart attack, stroke, high blood pressure, atherosclerosis, thrombosis, coronary
artery spasm, and cardiac arrhythmia.1 Quitting smoking, albeit, proves to be difficult to most
smokers2. Right after a person starts to quit ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
include two nicotine patches, nicotine gum and nicotine lozenges. In addition to over the counter
products, a smoker wanting to quit smoking may obtain nicotine nasal spray, inhaler (Zyban) and
the recently approved nicotine–free tablet (CHANTIX) by prescription.5,12,13 CHANTIX
CHANTIX asserts that its program includes a support plan with a steady, step–by–step approach
designed to help the smoker quit smoking.14 "CHANTIX has been proven to help people quit",1,8
CHANTIX proclaims. Some of the ways CHANTIX reported differs from other quit–smoking
products reportedly include:
 In studies, 44% of CHANTIX users were quit during weeks 9 to 12 of treatment (vs 18% on sugar
pill).
 CHANTIX is a non–nicotine pill.
 CHANTIX can reduce the urge to smoke.
 It comes with GETQUIT™, a support plan created just for CHANTIX users and designed to help
you think and act like a quitter.1,8,14,15 As prescribed drugs to help smokers quit smoking include
side effects, as with other types of medication, the "patient" needs to follow his/her doctor's orders
and use the prescribed smoking cessation product as prescribed; adhering to labeling directives. The
drug CHANTIX (varenicline), for instance, which works on nicotine receptors in the brain and
decreases the craving for smoking,1 reports a number of potential side effects.16―19 Some have

Oxygen is fundamental to the sustenance of life. Without oxygen, all life would diminish within
minutes. The lungs play an important role by binding oxygen to red blood cells, where the oxygen is
then transported to cells throughout the body. Although this function is essential to the survival of all
species, lung health is often neglected and damaged by air pollutants, such as tobacco smoke.
Smoking significantly increases the risk of developing lung cancer, which is the leading cause of
death in both men and women in the United States. Therefore, by increasing access to smoking
cessation resources, quit rates will increase and the incidence of lung cancer and other tobacco–
related diseases will decrease. This is particularly pertinent to the state of Hawai'i. In Hawai'i,
several communities are disproportionately burdened by smoking–related diseases, have a greater
smoking prevalence, and lack access to smoking cessation resources. Thus, it is essential for existing
smoking cessation programs to practice effective management strategies to maximize resources to
expand outreach and implement sustainable, evidence–based programming. Therefore, this project
aims to evaluate the management of ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Since these communities often lack access to cessation resources, it is essential that cessation
programs are available to these individuals and continue to provide quality services. Effective
smoking cessation interventions can substantially reduce tobacco–related morbidity, mortality, and
save millions of dollars from averted medical costs (Jamal et al., 2015; DOH, 2016). However,
Alaska and North Dakota are currently the only states funding their tobacco control programs at the
CDC–recommended levels (Jamal et al., 2015). Therefore, a greater focus should be placed on
utilizing these limited resources responsibly through effective program

Persuasive Essay On Smoking Cessation
Smoking is an addiction that can risk one's health, which in turn can lead to death. As time
advances, both smokers and non–smokers are beginning to understand the harm in this deadly habit
because not only does it harm smokers, it can impact anyone who encounters the smoke second–
hand. Since the public has become aware of the health risks induced by smoking, cessation tools
such as nicotine replacement therapy are being invented to help terminate the desire to smoke. As
technology improves, smoking devices like the electronic cigarette are invented and can be
considered an effective cessation tool. Electronic cigarettes can deliver low doses of nicotine to ease
withdrawal symptoms. Furthermore, as electronic cigarettes increase in ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
Quitting rates of participants who are unwilling to stop smoking at all using electronic cigarettes
shows how much of an effective cessation method they are. For nicotine replacement therapy to
work, smokers would have to volunteer to quit and seek help, while with electronic cigarettes
cessation just happens. Another effective way to quit smoking is to ease the amount of nicotine in
one's body as well as decreasing the stress of completely giving up the habit of smoking. A study
performed by Bullen and Etter found that 92% of smokers using electronic cigarettes for three
months reduced the total number of cigarettes they smoked (as cited in Rahman et al., 2014). The
use of an electronic cigarette reduces a smoker's need for cigarettes since their mechanisms are like
an actual cigarette. These devices also deliver nicotine to the smoker when inhaled, as well as the
user can choose the dosage of nicotine they're receiving. Furthermore, an electronic cigarette user
can start with a nicotine dose that is measurable to or higher than a cigarette then over time reducing
their quantity until the smoker no longer has the desire to be using the nicotine. This decrease in the
amount of nicotine will reduce withdrawal symptoms of the person trying to quit smoking, thus
decreasing the smokers need to use real cigarettes. Notably, a clinical trial done by Polosa

Smoking Cessation In Young Adults
Introduction
Smoking cessation is a process. Even though there are many who afford to quit smoking without
assistance, interventions can assist in cessation attempts to promote successful outcomes. The focus
of this handout is to the personnel involved in promoting smoking cessation among the youth as a
guide on how to shape the smoking cessation interventions. Such is based on the acknowledgement
that young adults often have the awareness of the harmfulness of tobacco use but end up
underestimating the risks. Consequently, it is critical for the smoking cessations to be appealing and
effective considering that disinterest and skepticism that the young adults are likely to have towards
the interventions.
Smoking Cessation in Young Adults ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Thus, even if many continue to smoke, the fact that one has though about quiting can be translated
to be the initial step towards smoking cessation. Progressing to the next step is often where the
challenge lies and where help is needed. Critically, the sooner that a young adult quits smoking, the
sooner that they can reverse the detrimental effects of smoking. Several options can be can be
considered to assist the young adults on smoking cessation. A key encouragement to promote
smoking cessation is the overwhelming damage to health that is reverse.
Courtesy of the significant damages caused by smoking, several site have been developed by
various organizations with an aim to promote smoking cessation among young adults. Some
websites provide step–by–step guides and advice that young adults can consider. Others focus on
teaching the teachniques and skills that smokers smokers should develop to succeed in smoke
cessation efforts. Still, there are others that focus on sensitization and awareness of the dangers that
smoking poses in an attempt to discourage smoking. Among the websites providing a clear, valuable
and reliable information on smoking cessation

Summary: Smoking Cessation In Adolescents
Smoking Cessation in Adolescents
According the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) more than forty million
Americans smoke or use some type of tobacco product. Many adult tobacco user admit they starting
using tobacco while in their teens. Many adolescents who are currently smoking will continue into
adulthood if the appropriate interventions are not applied, i.e smoking cessation education, age
appropriate programs along with smoking cessation products. Currently there are very few programs
developed out there that specifically address this problem dispute the best efforts of the CDC
("CDC," 2015).
Theoretical Framework The theoretical framework chosen for this subject is The Stages of Change.
James Prochaska and Carlo DiClemente ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Nurses or other health care professionals should document teens that are not interested in quitting
and revisit the subject with that individual every 3 to 6 months ("Nursingtimes.net," 2012). This
currently remains on the of the most cost effective and worthwhile health projects that nurses can do
for any adolescent. It is recommended that nurses who know adolescents who smoke should refer
them to some type of intensive smoking cessation program. It is, also recommended that the nurse
document on those individuals who are not interested in quitting smoking and revisit the subject
with that individual in one year. ("Nursingtimes.net," 2012) This remains one of the most cost–
effective and worthwhile things that health specialists can do for any child or adolescent. There are
currently over 3 million active RN's in the United States convinced one person to stop the impact
would be staggering (CDC,

Through education campaigns and research, more individuals are aware of the health consequences
of tobacco use. This has influenced more smokers to quit; thus, increasing the need for smoking
cessation programs. Therefore, providing quality services and support is essential for smokers to
achieve a smoke–free lifestyle. However, this first requires an understanding of the management and
budgeting requirements needed to operate a successful cessation program. This project will analyze
how the administrative efforts behind a smoking cessation program affects its programming,
accessibility, and continuation. The student will focus on analyzing how the allocation of funds,
coordination of community events, promotion of services, and public education contribute to the
participant's success rates in becoming tobacco free.
The student will work in collaboration with the American Lung Association (ALA), under the
supervision of the executive director of the ALA, Kim Nguyen. The ALA is one of the ... Show
more content on Helpwriting.net ...
This will first identify the types of items and components necessary to implement a cessation
program. Based on which items receive a greater distribution of those funds, the student can identify
which items are prioritized by the ALA and identify how those funds are utilized in the program.
After witnessing the planning process, the student will 2) attend the freedom from smoking sessions
at all three Hawaii locations to assist the educators in their lessons. This will allow the student to
experience the impact managerial decision making has on cessation programming. 3) The student
will assist Kim Nguyen with the planning and coordination of the Lung Force Walk held in
November. This will identify what actions are required to coordinate a large scale community effort
and the importance community cooperation in raising awareness and fundraising for

Summary Of Smoking Cessation For Management Of COPD
Summary and Evaluation on Smoking Cessation for Management of COPD The article "Evaluating
the effectiveness of smoking cessation in the management of COPD" written by Isimat Temitayo
Orisasmi and Omorogieva Ojo reviews the relationship between nicotine intake through smoking
and the lung disease associated with it. Smoking is one of the major causes of increased mortality.
More than 80% of smokers develop Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD), making it one
of the leading causes of death in the world (Orisasami and Ojo, 2016, p. 786). The main aim of the
article is to draw the attention of the health professionals towards using pharmacotherapy drugs
combined with trained nurses counseling to manage the lung disease. An enormous section ... Show
more content on Helpwriting.net ...
789). The authors have presented several strong strategies where nurses can educate the patients by
explaining to them about the process in which their body works when they smoke, and how they get
COPD, thereby motivating the smokers with COPD to manage their condition effectively which
could result in a significant difference in their life quality. I think this article is effective because the
authors mentioned few studies that contradicted their opinion and they even mentioned the reasons
why people continue to smoke after the patients being supported through counseling. However, I
would also like to see more data on how many people continued smoking even after receiving aids,
what the negative effects of bupropion and other pharmacotherapies drugs are, and more research
references on severe cases of COPD in which the intervention aides failed and how the COPD was
still controlled. I think the authors need to clarify more on the specific types of intervention the
studies used and the ones that were most effective to

A Brief Note On The Smoking Cessation Program
In the smoking cessation program, nurses play an active role to increase the health literacy of clients
and encourage them to quit smoking by using the appropriate brief interventions. Brief interventions
are customized pretreatment tool, which effectively improve the clients' health literacy and increase
their motivation to stop smoking (World Health Organisation, 2003, p. 4). To tailor the appropriate
behavior modification interventions and increase the likelihood of quit quitting, Stages of Change
model is widely used to identify the client's stage of change process (Koyun & Eroğlu b, 2013, p.
131). To gain further understanding of how a nurse can improve health literacy and health outcomes
of smokers by using Stage of Change Model, ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Department of Health and Human Services, 2014, p. 1–3). There are at least 60 chemicals found to
cause numerous of cancers，including, but not limited to, lung, blood, Oropharynx and Esophagus
(State Government of Victoria, 2014). A study, which followed 387 persons for 25 years to study the
cumulative effect of smoking on the functional ability at age 75, found that in addition to
significantly reduce the life expectancy, smoking increases the risk of disablements late in life of the
smokers (Støvring, Avlund, Schultz–Larsen, & Schroll, 2004, p. 298–300). Tobacco use affects both
smokers and non–smokers. Children and pregnant women are the most vulnerable (State
Government of Victoria, 2014). Passive smoking causes many adverse effects on their health even
they do not smoke. It increases the risk of cardiovascular, pulmonary and neoplastic diseases in
children, such as asthma, lung infections and heart diseases. For the pregnant women, it increases
the occurrence of sudden infant death syndrome, miscarriage and stillbirth (State Government of
Victoria, 2014).
In Australia, tobacco is the largest single preventable cause of diseases and death (Australian Bureau
of Statistics, 2013). According to the National drug strategy household survey 2013, the prevalence
of daily smoking in Australian population over 14

Smoking In Adults: Nurse's Engagement In Tobacco Cessation
Tobacco use in adults: Nurse's engagement in tobacco cessation
According to the Healthy People 2020, each year, approximately 480,000 Americans die from
tobacco–related illnesses. Further, more than 16 million Americans suffer from at least one disease
caused by smoking. (U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, 2012). The effect of cigarette
smoking is alarming. Use of tobacco in the form of smoking is not only dangerous to the one who is
smoking but also to a non–smoker. Tobacco harms a human physically and mentally. Major cause of
lung cancer is smoking. It is important to prevent the use of tobacco because it is the largest
preventable cause of diseases and death in the United States. According to Chin, Hong, Gillen, Bates
and Okechukwu (2012) Blue–collar workers smoke at higher rates than white–collar workers and ...
Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
This paper will reflect and provide an overview of blue collar workers and effect of smoking. It even
talks about a health promotion education project on Tobacco cessation. Health promotion is
necessary for every smoker since it is preventable. Group of people who tend to use more tobacco
are, divorced, separated or widowed, on educational level it includes students with an education
level less than high school, high school dropout, and blue collar job title such as maintenance,
repair, construction, production, machinery and transportation. I will developed an educational
health promotion project for the blue collar workers since I believe that they need more education
than others. My idea of educating the construction workers is supported by a research which
provides an experiment on the smoking habits among working adults

Smoking Cessation, Tips For Success
Smoking Cessation, Tips for Success
If you are ready to quit smoking, congratulations! You have chosen to help yourself be healthier.
Cigarettes bring nicotine, tar, carbon monoxide, and other irritants into your body. Your lungs, heart,
and blood vessels will be able to work better without these poisons. There are many different ways
to quit smoking. Nicotine gum, nicotine patches, a nicotine inhaler, or nicotine nasal spray can help
with physical craving. Hypnosis, support groups, and medicines help break the habit of smoking.
WHAT THINGS CAN I DO TO MAKE QUITTING EASIER?
Here are some tips to help you quit for good:
Pick a date when you will quit smoking completely. Tell all of your friends and family about your
plan to quit on ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Remind yourself of your decision to quit.
Change habits associated with smoking. If you smoked while driving or when feeling stressed, try
other activities to replace smoking. Stand up when drinking your coffee. Brush your teeth after
eating. Sit in a different chair when you read the paper. Avoid alcohol while trying to quit, and try to
drink fewer caffeinated beverages. Alcohol and caffeine may urge you to smoke.
Avoid foods and drinks that can trigger a desire to smoke, such as sugary or spicy foods and alcohol.
Ask people who smoke not to smoke around you.
Have something planned to do right after eating or having a cup of coffee. For example, plan to take
a walk or exercise.
Try a relaxation exercise to calm you down and decrease your stress. Remember, you may be tense
and nervous for the first 2 weeks after you quit, but this will pass.
Find new activities to keep your hands busy. Play with a pen, coin, or rubber band. Doodle or draw
things on paper.
Brush your teeth right after eating. This will help cut down on the craving for the taste of tobacco
after meals. You can also try mouthwash.
Use oral substitutes in place of cigarettes. Try using lemon drops, carrots, cinnamon sticks, or
chewing gum. Keep them handy so they are available when you have the urge to smoke.
When you have the urge to smoke, try deep breathing.
Designate your home as a nonsmoking area.
If you are a heavy smoker,

Effective Smoking Cessation Tool Or A New Way For Children
Effective Smoking Cessation Tool or A New Way for Children to be Introduced to Nicotine?
Why We Need E–Cigarette Health Policy.
Jennifer A. Sibley, RN, BSN
University of Florida
Effective Smoking Cessation Tool or A New Way for Children to be Introduced to Nicotine?
Why We Need E–Cigarette Health Policy.
Background and Significance
Electronic cigarettes, also known as e–cigarettes, were invented in 2004 by Chinese pharmacist Hon
Lik following his father's death from lung cancer (CASAA, 2012). With the intention of offering a
safer alternative to traditional tobacco, e–cigarettes quickly emerged in other markets around the
world including Europe in 2006 and the United States (U.S.) by 2007 (TCLC, 2011). The device
works via battery to heat liquid nicotine and an atomizer then turns the liquid into a vapor which is
inhaled by the user. E–cigarettes, now readily available in convenience stores, mall kiosks and gas
stations, come in many forms ranging from disposable cigarette–like devices to pen–like refillable
devices with flavors such as bubblegum, chocolate and mint (TCLC, 2011; NIH, 2014). The speed
with which e–cigarettes have gained popularity across the U.S. has placed manufacturers, tobacco
control lobbyists and the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) at odds regarding the regulation
of sales, marketing and use of the devices (TCLC, 2011).
Relevant Research and Problem Indicators
Big tobacco companies have now jumped on the e–cigarette

Smoking Cessation
A Review of Smoking Cessation Education and Implementation for Nurses
A Review of Smoking Cessation Education and Implementation for Nurses There are so many
different facets of nursing. Nurses are given so many tools to utilize in our role of educator to
patients. It has to be kept in mind that we are doing this with our patients continuously. Every time a
task is completed with patients and it is explained what is being doing, teaching is being conducted
and hopefully they will take that with them in the future. Nurses need to be adequately equipped
with the tools needed to teach patients. Without proper education, how are nurses expected to pass
on ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
It was also implemented to show the effectiveness on nursing students ' self–efficacy and it affects
their performance in smoking cessation interventions. The experiences of the nursing students, their
attitudes, and what barriers stand in their way to teaching smoking cessation and interventions.
Among the student a small percentage were smokers. Most of students thought there was a benefit
from smoking cessation. They were well educated about the health risks of smoking. It was found
that few were taught and practiced smoking cessation intervention. The students' main barriers were
that they should be actively involved in smoking cessation for patients but lack of knowledge and
skills. "The simulation–based training of smoking cessation intervention improved nursing students '
self–efficacy in seven out of nine skills of smoking cessation intervention."(Sohn,M., Ahn,Y.,
Park,H.,& Lee, M.) The findings show that simulation could be used effectively in the teaching of
smoking cessation intervention education to nursing students. In this article there was only a small
number of people who smoked, this could be one of the weaknesses, but it did show in the end that
they could put their own thoughts on smoking aside and for the best interest of their patients teach
the smoking cessation interventions when they were well equipped. One of the strengths is that they
tested the self efficacy on nine different smoking cessation techniques,

Pharmacologic Smoking Cessation Methods
For this week, I chose to do my discussion on the presentation presented by Selenia Lopez. The title
of her presentation was "Pharmacologic and Non
Pharmacologic Smoking Cessation Methods". The
main objective of her research was to review both pharmacologic and non–pharmacologic smoking
cessation methods, the success rate, mechanism of action and the cost and understand the hazard of
smoking and the benefits of quitting. She has also discussed the difficulties faced by an individual
when they stop smoking and what makes it so hard to stop. Smoking a cigarette can lead to many
health hazards and could cause smoking related diseases such as COPD. It is hard to quit smoking as
some people may have nicotine withdrawal symptoms but the end result ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
Both of these methods could be used individually or combined depending on the outcomes. The
pharmacologic treatments for tobacco dependence include nicotine replacement therapy, Bupropion
(Zyban), and Varenicline (Chantix), all are FDA approved. Some of the treatments are available over
the counter while some require doctor's prescription. Nicotine patch (Nicoderm CQ), nicotine gum
(Nicorette), and lozenge are available over the counter whereas nicotine inhaler (Nicotrol), nicotine
nasal spray (Nicotrol NS), Bupropion (Zyban), and Varenicline (Chantix) require doctor's
prescription. The non–pharmacologic method includes patient education, behavioral therapy, self–
help materials, and telephone counseling. There are also several health organizations and resources
available for those who are willing to quit smoking completely such as American Cancer Society,
American Lung Association, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health and much
more. Upon reading the success rate and the cost described for both the therapies, I believe non–
pharmacologic therapy is the most cost–effective therapy. The physicians providing non–
pharmacologic therapy should provide support within the clinic by encouraging the patients in the
cessation attempt and talk to them about the cessation process, the success they have achieved, and
the difficulties encountered while

Smoking Cessation Is The Most Important Component Of A...
According to the CDC guidelines, promoting smoking cessation is the most important component of
a comprehensive state tobacco control agenda to reduce tobacco use. Smokers who quit at any age
can prevent most of the risk of smoking related diseases including death, and has an immediate and
long–term health benefit. Evidence–based research shows that statewide tobacco control programs
that are comprehensive, sustained, and accountable have reduce smoking rates, as well as tobacco–
related diseases and deaths. This comprehensive approach includes education, clinical, regulatory,
economic, and social strategies. States that have made larger investments in comprehensive tobacco
control programs have seen larger declines in cigarettes sales than ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
In 2007, the Institute of Medicine (IOM) report presented a blueprint for action to "reduce smoking
so substantially that it is no longer a public health problem for our nation." The two–pronged
strategy for achieving this goal includes: 1) strengthening and fully implementing currently proven
tobacco control measures; and 2) changing the regulatory landscape to permit policy innovations.
Among the IOM recommendations is that each state should fund a comprehensive tobacco control
program at the level that the CDC recommends.
Today, the CDC is the only federal agency that provides funding to help support all 50 states, the
District of Columbia, eight U.S. territories, and twelve tribal organizations for tobacco control
efforts, and is at the forefront of the nation's efforts to reduce deaths and prevent chronic diseases
that result from tobacco use. The agency and its partners promote tobacco control interventions,
including actions to prevent youth from starting to use tobacco, smoke–free environments, programs
to help tobacco users quit, and steps to eliminate tobacco–related health disparities in different
population groups. In 2016 alone, the CDC have supported and funded the smoking cessation
programs in these areas with close to $75 million and to ensure and expand state quitline capacity
(CDC, 2016).
Conceptual Framework
For our smoking cessation

Health Benefits Of Smoking Cessation
specialised post–partum support for up to six weeks is also provided to help smoking mothers with
smoking cessation (MOH, 2017d).
In primary health care setting, nursing management for smoking cessation can be achieved through
one–on–one interaction with clients using ABC approach (MOH, 2009). In this approach, A
represents asking or accessing the smoking status of individuals. Thus, health professionals working
in the primary health sector should ask on every visit if the client is a current smoker. Again, 'B'
stands for brief advice about the health benefits of smoking cessation. Additionally, the advice
should be personalised according to the needs of the individual. Finally, 'C' represents cessation
support which is provided by ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Therefore, PHC nurse should conduct a face–to–face conversation with parents and children to
educate them about risk factors of smoking (Nosa et al., 2014).
Smoking during pregnancy causes serious health issues such as still–birth, low birth weight babies,
neonatal death. Again passive smoking may cause reduced lung function, asthma and respiratory
infections in children (MOH, 2017c). Prevalence of smoking during pregnancy in New Zealand is
11% (Bpac, 2017). During pregnancy, women are more concerned about the health of the babies and
it is an opportune time to motivate pregnant women for smoking cessation and implement quitting
strategies (Dixon, Aimer, Fletcher, Guilliland & Hendry, 2009). Therefore nurses or midwives
working in the primary care should educate and encourage pregnant women and mothers to quit
smoking.
Task– 3
COPD develops very slowly and therefore, individuals do not realise that they are affected until
symptoms are considerably noticed. Again, COPD leads to other health issues such as chest
infection, pneumonia, heart problems, anxiety and depression (Better Health channel, 2017).
Additionally, limited medical interventions are available for COPD as this disease is not curable
(MOH, 2016). One in ten hospital admissions is caused by respiratory diseases. Therefore, Ministry
of health New Zealand aims to reduce the hospitalisation caused by COPD by 25 percentage by
2025 (Asthma Foundation, 2016). In

Smoking is a one of the major cause of increased mortality. More than 80% of smokers develop
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD), making it one of the leading causes of death in the
world (p.786). Smoking Cessation or quitting smoking is one of the most cost–effective ways to
reduce the risk of COPD. The article "Evaluating the effectiveness of smoking cessation in the
management of COPD" shows the various ways to control the disease by discontinuing the nicotine
intake from smoking. The author explains that pharmacotherapy (nicotine replacement therapy) and
nurses counselling conjointly can play an important role in the management of COPD. An enormous
section of this article focuses on different Smoking Cessation aids. Orisasami and Ojo present
successful effect of use ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The central arguments are related to evaluating the effectiveness of quitting smoking in the
management of COPD. Orisasami and Ojo use research from several reliable sources to prove that
quitting smoking can manage the pulmonary disease. The authors have analyzed the data which is
logical and easy to follow, thus proving that Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease can be
controlled by using smoking cessation aids. The effective study of Toljamo et al (2010) presented,
summarizes the whole point of the article. The study shows the data of people who took bupropion
as a smoking cessation drug, people who didn't take any pharmacotherapy drug, and people who
were motivated or individually counselled alongside the use of bupropion. The data clearly points
out how significant the pharmacotherapy drugs are to COPD patients. Thus, it proves that the
combination of the drug with motivation is the best smoking cessation aid. The study also shows the
data of people having COPD who claimed to be healthy individuals, yet were dying internally; thus,
showing us that smoking cessation strategies needs attention and should be

Smoking Cessation Program Analysis
With smoking kiosks in place, these make the ideal place to advertise for smoking cessation
programs. This approach would work hand in hand to benefit the smoker.
Without a smoking cessation program, only four to seven percent of those attempting to quit will
succeed. With the aid of a smoking cessation program, the results may increase. (Leif Associates,
Inc.)
The American Cancer Society offers a program called Fresh Start. With this program a
representative from the school would attend training classes which enable them to teach techniques
for quitting. These include different ways to cope with quitting, peer support and education on
replacement therapies. They would then help the smoker pick the best option that works for them.
This program ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
This service provides free nicotine replacement patches, lozenges, or gum, access to one–on–one
coaching, developing a personalized quit plan, receive peer support, cancel and a cessation coach.
This program would require funds, as they are giving out products and needing a staff. The
University uses a peer program which uses volunteers to help with the peer support and receives
several grants to help with the funding. According to a USA article, they support hundreds of
students, faculty and staff and about a quarter state they have been successful in quitting. ("Wellness
Resource Center.")
If students and faculty prefer to get help through group meetings and support, Nicotine Anonymous
meetings could be an option. Advertisement for meetings in the area could be offered, or if possible
the school could start its own meetings in the school. The second option would require money as
promotional materials and pamphlets could be purchased from their website. Pamphlets cost
twenty–five cents each with seventeen different ones available. ("Nicotine Anonymous World

Smoking Cessation Program For New Zealand : Smoke Free...
Smoking Cessation Program in New Zealand: Smoke–free 2025
Introduction
Tobacco smoke is immensely harmful to one's health. Cigarettes contain about 600 ingredients,
when this burned can generate 7,000 chemicals according to American Lung Association
Many ad campaigns and literatures have been published on the detriments of smoking. Medical
reports further shows that half of all long–term smokers will die from a smoking–related disease.
This unhealthy practice must be addressed by the government to lessen the medical cost to treat the
ill effects of smoking. Despite all available data available on smoking's ill effects government has
little success in reducing incidence of smoking.
The New Zealand Government is currently addressing a smoking problem in the country. The
government adopted the Smoke–free 2025 goal for New Zealand, in March 2011. This response was
based on the recommendations of a landmark Parliamentary inquiry by the Maori Affairs select
committee. The committee's report was clear that the term 'smoke–free' was intended to
communicate an aspirational goal and not a commitment to the banning of smoking altogether by
2025. On that basis, the Government agreed with the goal of reducing smoking prevalence and
tobacco availability to minimal levels, thereby "making New Zealand essentially a smoke–free
nation by 2025", (MoH, 2015). It is important to have consistent information to help to monitor the
progress toward this goal.
The campaign in New Zealand for a

Critique of the Study by Sohn and Colleagues,...
Critique of the Study by Sohn and Colleagues, "Simulation–based smoking cessation intervention
education for undergraduate nursing students"
In this paper, Sohn and colleagues (2011) study Simulation–based smoking cessation intervention
education for undergraduate nursing students will be critiqued with the assistance of Loiselle and
Profetto–McGrath's (2011) book Canadian Essentials of Nursing Research.
Title
The title of the article is clear and concise. It is only ten words long and clearly states the nature of
the study. The population under study is identified, and the issue being considered is included in the
title as well. All of these factors contribute in making the title of the article effective.
Abstract
The main features ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Several articles were used to explain the underlying motive of the instruments being put in place,
such as questionnaires including questions on beliefs about the health benefits of smoking cessation,
experience and attitude of smoking cessation intervention, experience of smoking cessation
intervention, perceived barriers of smoking cessation intervention, and self–efficacy of smoking
cessation intervention. The researchers discovered that the results of this study were found to be
consistent with another survey on smoking cessation. The literature in this article summarized
existing knowledge on the topic of smoking cessation to complement the results of the study. The
authors mention several similar studies, including a survey of 344 Korean nurses and deans or chairs
of 44 Korean nursing schools on smoking cessation, and compare the results of previous studies to
the results of the study at hand. However, the authors stated that they "were not able to find any
previous study exploring the effectiveness of simulation education on smoking cessation
intervention" (Sohn, et al., p. 872). With this study being one of the first of its kind to focus
specifically on simulation training and smoking cessation, it can help lay a solid basis for a new
study.
Method
Research Design The research design utilized in

The Pros And Cons Of Smoking Cessation
Based on the combined data provided by two surveys suggest that cell phones and smartphones are
not just a practical alternative tool suitable to be used in smoking cessation program. Mobile phones
are freely accessible and thus can be a functional source that could provide those who want quite a
discrete avenue to do so. The same can be said for the opposite as mobile phones can also provide a
public forum for those who want to intervene and force someone they know to quit smoking
cigarettes.
Text Messaging As A Smoking Cessation Method
Over the past decade, text messaging has become one of the most affordable and easily accessible
form of communication. Along with the earlier mentioned growing number of young adults using
tobacco products. These can go hand in hand due to the fact that text messaging can be used to
promote healthy behavior to a huge amount of the U. S. population. Around 98% of the population
has text messaging on their phones. thus a text based smoking cessation program can not only be
cost effective, but can also provide interactive personalized counseling to a young college student.
Text messaging smoking cessation programs can make this one–on–one counseling much easier
since of the 70% of smokers that want to quit, only 51% actually meet with a physician to seek that
type of help to attempt to quit.
Most of these text messaging smoking cessation programs consist of motivational messages three to
five times a day, that usually has a personalized goal with a timeline. These programs keep you
consciously aware of these goals throughout your day to hold the participant accountable.
Methods for Text Messaging based Smoking Cessation
These programs usually start with a baseline assessment to give the participant a target goal and
amount of time expected for the intervention. Usually these intervention last for 12 weeks and are
separated into three stages (pre intentional, intentional, action), which is based on the status and
intent to quit smoking:
The pre intentional stage receives text messages based on their risk, the amount of money they are
saving or spending on tobacco, and motivation to reduce smoking cigarettes on a daily basis.
The intentional stage is a stage in which the

Intervention For Smoking Cessation Of Smoking
Intervention for Smoking Cessation
The most important intervention for this patient is to quit smoking. This would be very difficult for a
person who smoke for more than 20 years to quit. I would explain to the patient that the best way to
treat her emphysema is to stop smoking. First of all, I will assess on what this patient knows about
smoking cessation. Some smokers may not have a correct information and positive attitude about
quit smoking, which could be the reasons that contribute to the failure of previous attempts of
quitting. I would explain to her that tobacco smoking is responsible for 90 percent of all cases of
COPD, including emphysema (MacGill, 2015). Normally, when particles enter the lung, these
particles lands on a thin layer of mucus inside the lungs. The little hairs, called cilia, help to move
mucus and the particles from the lungs upward toward the throat. This process allows the mucus to
be expelled or swallowed (American Thoracic Society, 2015). Coughing is another way the lungs
protect themselves from irritants in bronchial tubes (American Thoracic Society, 2015). Inhalation
of smoke, over times, will destroy cilia, and they no longer remove mucus effectively. Subsequently,
mucus accumulates inside the lungs causing irritation and coughing (American Thoracic Society,
2015). The most effective way to stop coughing is to stop smoking.
I would also point out that the patient is developing a condition called Leukoplakia as evidence by
white patches are

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