Running head: CRITICAL APPRAISAL: SANITATION AND HOSPITAL ACQUIRED INFECTION 2 Critical Appraisal: Sanitation and Hospital Acquired Infection Critical Appraisal: Sanitation and Hospital Acquired Infection Introduction The clinical issue at hand is the consideration of the general population as an issue in the effective management of prevention measures. In that way raising the question of the management of the patient population and the risk of exposure to affects both the nursing community and the patients. This is especially important in understanding the inconvenience created by a specific demographic of patients such as tobacco and nicotine users. The main issue at hand is focused on is the cleaning staff whose actions affect patients. In intention to understand this aspect, the question is the personal motivation in curing and the need for information dissemination. This is necessary for the general population to understand the symptoms and gain more knowledge of common diseases. This paper will look at two peers reviewed qualitative research articles to understand the findings and its contribution to this research question in the context of nursing practice. Additionally, there will be a discussion on the ethical considerations at institutional and individual participation levels to the article’s contribution in the improvement of care delivery and improved outcomes by establishing a purpose. Qualitative Study Background of Study Developing technology means there are developing issue in other parts including the type of sanitation that can be available in the hospital and the clinic. Therefore, the likelihood of the increased need for efficiency in prevention is considered through the identification of alternative to smoking in healthcare facilities. Article 1: Replacement Therapy in Smoking Cessation According to the article, Buller et al. (2014), there is a need to understand that smoking as a vice affect the 18-30-year-old adult population and therefore, in trying to prevent the issue at hand in a healthcare setting, the consideration of using a patch is necessary. Regarding this, the paper addresses the issue of the effectiveness of nicotine patch in smoking cessation and thus provision of an opportunity to help in smoking cessation. Given this, the article supports the preferential treatment to smoking as replacement therapy especially in young adults who are the prevalent population in the U.S. Therefore the questions raised are: · Identification of an alternative method of smoke cessation · The effectiveness of replacement therapy in helping cessation of smoking in the identified population. In consideration of this, the purpose and the research question were related to the same problem by taking into account the intervention, the population affected, the existing systems, a ...

1. Running head: CRITICAL APPRAISAL: SANITATION AND
HOSPITAL ACQUIRED INFECTION
2
Critical Appraisal: Sanitation and Hospital Acquired Infection
Critical Appraisal: Sanitation and Hospital Acquired Infection
Introduction
The clinical issue at hand is the consideration of the general
population as an issue in the effective management of
prevention measures. In that way raising the question of the
management of the patient population and the risk of exposure
to affects both the nursing community and the patients. This is
especially important in understanding the inconvenience created

2. by a specific demographic of patients such as tobacco and
nicotine users. The main issue at hand is focused on is the
cleaning staff whose actions affect patients. In intention to
understand this aspect, the question is the personal motivation
in curing and the need for information dissemination. This is
necessary for the general population to understand the
symptoms and gain more knowledge of common diseases. This
paper will look at two peers reviewed qualitative research
articles to understand the findings and its contribution to this
research question in the context of nursing practice.
Additionally, there will be a discussion on the ethical
considerations at institutional and individual participation
levels to the article’s contribution in the improvement of care
delivery and improved outcomes by establishing a purpose.
Qualitative Study Background of Study
Developing technology means there are developing issue in
other parts including the type of sanitation that can be available
in the hospital and the clinic. Therefore, the likelihood of the
increased need for efficiency in prevention is considered
through the identification of alternative to smoking in
healthcare facilities.
Article 1: Replacement Therapy in Smoking Cessation
According to the article, Buller et al. (2014), there is a need to
understand that smoking as a vice affect the 18-30-year-old
adult population and therefore, in trying to prevent the issue at
hand in a healthcare setting, the consideration of using a patch
is necessary. Regarding this, the paper addresses the issue of
the effectiveness of nicotine patch in smoking cessation and
thus provision of an opportunity to help in smoking cessation.
Given this, the article supports the preferential treatment to
smoking as replacement therapy especially in young adults who
are the prevalent population in the U.S. Therefore the questions
raised are:
· Identification of an alternative method of smoke cessation
· The effectiveness of replacement therapy in helping cessation
of smoking in the identified population.

3. In consideration of this, the purpose and the research question
were related to the same problem by taking into account the
intervention, the population affected, the existing systems, and
the available solutions.
Article 2:
On the other hand, according to Metrik, Spillane, Leventhal, &
Kahler (2011), there is a question of the gap in understanding
whether marijuana affects the outcomes of cessation of
smoking. As a comparative element, the article points out that
alcohol use are known to impede cessation of smoking.
Therefore, there is an existing gap to understand the effects of
marijuana to the user population hence the authors establish the
significance of the study by pointing out that there is little
known, frequency of smoking marijuana is high on the users and
in effect a need for predictability in relapses. Therefore the
questions raised are:
· Does marijuana smoking affect cessation of nicotine smoking?
· Can marijuana smoking be used is the substitution of alcohol
use and tobacco smoking?
The question as is related to the research purpose and question
as they explicitly question the availability of more information
and address the gap in research while taking into account, the
effect on the user population.
Method of Study
In the research by Buller et al. (2014), the main method of study
was qualitative research through article and database review in
addition to grey literature. A representative sample has been
used from a pool carefully chosen in line with intervention
measures. This methodology was appropriate for the study as it
took into account the existing research that has been extensively
done hence used in recognition of available gaps. Several
articles have been cited in support of developing an issue and
tackling the argument with careful consideration of the gaps in
study hence logic in the arguments. This gaps and challenges
have been addressed using even more studies and further
elaboration of the developing changes with time. This can be

4. seen in the carefully developed framework of study findings
that point out that available statistics and its interpretation.
In the research by Metrik, Spillane, Leventhal, & Kahler (2011),
The methodology used is direct experimentation and
observation in replacement of tobacco and alcohol use with
marijuana. There is, therefore, a comparative element of alcohol
using marijuana nonsmoker and smoker with nonalcoholic users
from the sample pool. Older article and recently done have been
used to show the generational development of information and
the existing information. However, there is a lack of evaluation
of the strengths of the article used and the challenges hence a
lack of addressing of the validity of claim generally. However,
this does not stop the authors from having a logical explanation
to the information and in that way buildup of a well thought out
argument such as the definition of desirable goal for the user
and smoker in cessation trial to the difficult that create relapses.
Results of Study
Buller et al. (2014), concludes that many of the young adult
population have tried to cease smoking and the replacement
therapy with nicotine patch has been successful in community-
based services. Therefore, it shows that nursing practice should
be considered outside the healthcare facility to effectively reach
to a wider population especially when it comes to preventive
measures. In this way, information dissemination is key in the
improvement of population health.
Metrik, Spillane, Leventhal, & Kahler (2011) conclude that
marijuana smokers would need intervention in smoking
cessation and the lack of information is one of the challenges in
this area. There is an indication of heavy alcohol use with
marijuana smoking and difficult level of cessation is similar
across in both nicotine and marijuana smokers. The article,
therefore, contributes to nursing by pointing out that there is no
differentiation between these patients and therefore the type of
smoking should affect the diagnosis and methodology of
treatment. However, more study is needed at the institutional
and administrative level to provide education on the same.

5. Ethical Considerations
Both articles show that consent was asked from the participants
with no conflict of interest declared and where there is the
condition have been clearly stated and author names given.
Participation for the counseling session in Southeastern New
England for one of the article shows consent in research from
the individual. This shows the institutional review and approval
for both articles by the health board and the HHS. Where the
article is published after review. Subsequently, there is
confidentiality that gives privacy to the participants by only
using their age and smoking history. Declaration of
communication channel and availability also shows openness to
the public for complaints to be raised if they arise with legal
disclaimers declared.
Conclusion
The article gave insight into the logical development of research
question in line to nursing roles and practice and thus
generalization of the understanding of issues to address.
Therefore there is a critical analysis of information from
historical and present study to account for the developing of
nursing care implementation and applicable intervention by
pointing out the interest, existing gaps, and purpose.
References
Buller, D. B. et al. (2014). Effect of nicotine replacement
therapy on quitting by young adults in a trial comparing
cessation services. Journal of Public Health Management and
Practice: JPHMP, 20(2), e7–e15.
DOI:10.1097/PHH.0b013e3182a0b8c7. Retrieved from
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3966563/
Metrik, J., Spillane, N. S., Leventhal, A. M., & Kahler, C. W.
(2011). Marijuana use and tobacco smoking cessation among
heavy alcohol drinkers. Drug and alcohol dependence, 119(3),
194–200. DOI:10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2011.06.004. Retrieved
from https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3199036/

6. Gordon Rule Written assignments
Assignment #
Due Date:
1
09/23/19
2
10/21/19
3
11/18/19
Written Assignments (10% of Final Class Grade)
To elaborate the written assignments you need to choose from
de media any article related to the topics covered in class such
as demand, supply, interest rate, taxes, subsides, inflation,
unemployment.
Your article can be from any media source (newspaper,
magazine, website, etc.)
All Written Assignments works will be graded on Gordon Rule
requirements, format, content, sources, clarity, connectivity,
and quality of analysis. Since this course must meet the Gordon
rule requirements, you must submit all three scheduled current
events or you may not pass the class.
Miami Dade General Education Outcomes: The class and
writing assignments are designed to reflect and practice
Critical Thinking (Students should be able to solve problems
using critical and creative scientific reasoning.)
Numbers / Data Analysis (Students should be able to process,
understand and accurately analyze numerical data)
Computer / Technology Usage (You will learn how to use word
processing, spreadsheet, database, and presentation programs.
AN ARTICLE REVIEW: WHAT ONE IS AND HOW ONE IS

7. WRITEN
An article review is a written evaluation of a particular work. It
takes the form of an essay. It is done after careful reading, note-
taking and analysis of what the author is trying to say. Your
review’s length may vary according to the article’s size.
The review consist of four main parts that are placed in
continuous narrative.
A. Description of the work
A one or two paragraph description of the work’s physical
structure and any information about the author you may have
discovered. For example magazine title, number of pages,
publisher, copyright, date, edition, whether it is part of a series.
B. Statements of author’s goals:
The author will say that he or she is trying to accomplish
somewhere at the outset either in the article’s preface or in its
introduction. In your own words, or paraphrasing his or her
own, state the person’s objectives for having writing the article
(one or two paragraphs)
C. Your verdict:
Did the author achieve the goals set forth? Or. Were some
achieved but not all? Were the conclusions valid, or can you
show when he or she hedged the point? If the answer is “yes”
show why and use examples from the text to bolster your praise.
If the answer is “no” do the same thing to back your claim.
Remember, you cannot praise or condemn without proof.
D. Your Opinion of the whole Work:
Did you like the article? Why or why not? Use examples to
bolster your statements.
Proofread your work before turning it in and watch your
spelling.
In addition, student cannot pass, i.e., earn a letter grade of C or
better, ECO 2013 without satisfactorily completing three
written assignments. All writing assignments will be graded
according to the following college-wide criteria:

8. Miami Dade College
Gordon Rule Writing Rubric

9. Articles Review Additional Explanation (10% of Final Class
Grade)
The Articles Review are the written Gordon Rule component of
the class.
For each article you must submit a 1-2 page summary/analysis
of the article, the correct font is the following:
· The Article Summary must be Typed double space. (APA
Format)
· One inch margins all around the page.
· Font 12, Times New Roman or Arial ONLY.
· Every article must have a Cover Page and a References page
as requested in APA
· Write it ALL in your OWN words, DO NOT COPY / PASTE
anything, your grade will be severely penalized if you do so.
The Article Review is basically you explaining what the article
author is trying to convey. It is an explanative summary
analysis of the article. Use the following to guide you through
writing the summary. Even though the article writing is not
formal, this is a business class and we must write the article
accordingly, refrain yourself from making the article summary
too personal.

10. · Introduce your article summary.
· What is the article’s main idea. Explain / Summarize in your
own words what is the article writing about.
· What it the issue at hand, what is the author’s point of view,
how is the author substantiating his opinion on the matter?
· Want to get an “A” then use other sources if desired to talk
about the same topic and expand the author’s article.
· End it by providing your opinion on the matter. Do you
believe the article is right/wrong and why, is there any
right/wrong on this matter? Notice any claims you make must
be substantiated by hard information, data that supports your
claim.
They MUST include a references page and a cover page.
Project MUST be APA style. The article is due on the due date
as listed on page 1, NOT later. The use of Wikipedia, any other
internet blog, question-answer website as a source in not
acceptable. Make sure you use acceptable (recognized) sources.
Your project will be checked for academic irregularities, you
will receive a Zero if the project is found to be someone else’s
partial or entire work. All LATE WORK will receive a SEVERE
grade penalty, or may not be accepted.
Research Critique Guidelines – Part II
Use this document to organize your essay. Successful
completion of this assignment requires that you provide a
rationale, include examples, and reference content from the
studies in your responses.
Quantitative Studies

11. Background
1. Summary of studies. Include problem, significance to
nursing, purpose, objective, and research question.
How do these two articles support the nurse practice issue you
chose?
1. Discuss how these two articles will be used to answer your
PICOT question.
2. Describe how the interventions and comparison groups in the
articles compare to those identified in your PICOT question.
Method of Study:
1. State the methods of the two articles you are comparing and
describe how they are different.
2. Consider the methods you identified in your chosen articles
and state one benefit and one limitation of each method.
Results of Study
1. Summarize the key findings of each study in one or two
comprehensive paragraphs.
2. What are the implications of the two studies you chose in
nursing practice?
Outcomes Comparison
1. What are the anticipated outcomes for your PICOT question?
2. How do the outcomes of your chosen articles compare to your
anticipated outcomes?
.
2