integrated assignment btw measurement, ct and bm

1. SCHOOL OF ARCHITECTURE, BUILDING AND
DESIGN
Bachelor of Quantity Surveying (Honours)
INTEGRATED ASSIGNMENT:
MEASUREMENT I (QSB60104)
CONSTRUCTION TECHNOLOGY I (BLD 60104)
BUILDING MATERIALS (BLD 62003)
SITE VISIT REPORT
STUDENT NAME: NADHIRAH MOHD ZAIN
STUDENT ID NO: 0321366
DATE OF SUBMISSION: 27th NOVEMBER 2015

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TABLE OF CONTENT
INTRODUCTION………………………………….…………3
CONTENT/TEHNICAL OBSERVATION…………………...5
TYPE OF FOUNDATION……………………………………..7
 METHOD TO CONSTRUCT……………………………9
 MATERIAL USE FOR PAD FOOTING ………………..10
APPENDIX…………………………………………………….11
CONCLUSION………………….……………………………..13

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INTRODUCTION
A site visit to construction site was organized by the program director on 19th November
2015. The location of the site visit was at Antara Gapi, Hulu Selangor. A total of
approximately 87 students accompany by two lecturers were attended the site visit. All
students were told to gather at university around 8:00 am and need to wear proper attire
like wearing helmet, proper shoes and pant. After arrival to the site and meeting with the
people in charge of guiding us, a short brief about the project was given by En. Sobri.
Before we started our tour around the site, we are reminded of the safety precaution
that we need to follow during our presence in the site by one of the safety officer.
The purpose of this site visit is to give exposure to students about the basic of the
construction process. They will be able to understand, describe and explain the process
of construction and the scientific principles that underpin the design and construction.
Besides, the students are able to witness the usage of construction equipment and
mechanical plants on site. They have the opportunity to explore and identify various
type of building material and technology on site.

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PROJECT SUMMARY
Below is the summary of the project:
Project title : Cadangan membina dan menyiapkan 96 unit rumah
berkembar (40’ x 60’) serta infrastuktur yang berkaitan di
Sekyen 2A, Antara Gapi, Hulu Selangor, Selangor.
Contract Value : RM 44 Million
Contract Period : 24 months
Commencement Date : 8 July 2014
Completion Date : 4 July 2016
Developer : Perbadanan Kemajuan Negeri Selangor (PKNS)
Architect : Zain Hamzah Architect
C&S Consultant : Wawasan Bersatu Sdn. Bhd.
M&E Consultant : ZNVA & Associated
QS Consultant : MCM Associates Sdn. Bhd.
Contractor : AJ-Corp Sdn. Bhd.

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CONTENT/TECHNICAL OBSERVATION
During the briefing by En Sobri about the project, we were informed that this project
consist of four different type of house which are Type 1, Type 2A, Type 2B and Type 3.
All houses were constructed by using pile foundation except for Type 2B. For Type 2B,
the foundation used is pad foundation. From our interview with one of the workers, only
one third of Type 2B house is using pad foundation. This is because the type of soils at
site is different. Pad foundation is suitable for area with soft soil where the one third of
Type 2B houses was constructed.
Some of the houses were almost completed.
The houses are the example for every type of
house design.
The plan of construction site. Middle area is Type 2B that using pile foundation and
outer layer area is Type 2B that using pad foundation.
Example for Type 2B house

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The construction site is located beside a residential area and near to a playground, so
the whole area of the construction site was surrounded by hoarding to prevent
unauthorized person from access to the site. In the site, we also saw a few
accommodations that were reserved for the workers and also used as an office at the
site. Other than that, a lot of formwork is used during the constructing process.
In the site, we saw some of heavy machinery like
lifting crane, excavator and concrete mixer. Besides
that, a lot of materials were placed on the ground of
the site. All the materials were stored safely. For
example the brick and the block were wrapped with
polythene sheet.
Liftingcrane isusedto liftheavyobject
The materials (cement and door frame) are stored to prevent it from damage

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TYPE OF FOUNDATION.
The foundation used to construct Type 2B house is pad foundation. Pad foundations are
used to support individual or multiple columns and transmit the load to the ground
below. They are generally square or rectangular in plan, with the plan area are
determined by the bearing pressure of the soil allowed.
The thickness of the slab must be sufficient to ensure the distribution of the load. The
top of the slop may be sloping as this is an economic solution for it. From the
conversation that I had with one of the contractor of the project, the shape and size of
the plan will be dictated by the arrangement of the column and the load to be
transferred into the soil. The heavier the load supported, the bigger the size of the pad
footing constructed.
COLUMN
Ground level
Above is the diagram of pad footing and image of the
pad footing from the site.

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Pad footing can come in many shapes; mass concrete for steel column, reinforce
concrete with sloping upper face, plain reinforced concrete and stepped reinforced
concrete. Below is the diagram of the different type of pad footing.
Mass concrete for steel column Reinforced concrete with
slopping upper face
Plainreinforcedconcrete Steppedreinforcedconcrete

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METHOD TO CONSTRUCT PAD FOOTING
From what En Hafizi said, to construct pad footing, it all starts with pegging the site with
the correct position of the foundation. After pegging, use excavator to excavate the soil
down to the desire level. Then, build the formwork with the size that is shown in the
detail drawing. After the formwork is done, lay a layer of lean concrete to prepare a
clean and firm base for the footing. Placed the spacer block before reinforcement been
laid. This meant to provide sufficient concrete cover for the rebar. Numbers and size of
the rebars needed must be follow detail drawing. The rebars were bent and tied to form
a basket in advance before the whole thing been lowered and placed inside the
formwork. Then, stump reinforcements are erected. The length of the rebars should be
extended beyond stump level to be a starter bar for the column above. After that,
concrete is poured into the formwork and make sure to compact the concrete during the
process. Wait for the concrete to harden and gain sufficient strength before dismantled
the formwork.
The workers are dismantled the formwork once the concrete is
harden

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MATERIAL USED IN PAD FOOTING CONSTRUCTIONOF THE
PROJECT.
In this construction project, the materials that are use are:
1. Lean concrete
For lean concrete, the concrete used is Grade 30 with 50mm thick. Lean
concrete is measured in m3.
2. Formwork
TECO plywood is used for building formwork in constructing pad footing. The
size of the formwork is 2meter x 3meter. As it is exceeding 1 meter high, the
formwork is measure in m2.
3. Reinforcement bar
16mm diameter of high tensile steel rod is used. Rebar is measured in M.
4. Reinforced concrete
For pad foundation, they using reinforced concrete Grade 30N. They prepare a
mixture of sand, aggregates, water and cement with certain ratio to form the
concrete. Concrete is also measure in m3.

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APPENDIX
The workersare bindingthe rebars
withstirrupor link.
Pile foundationforotherhouses.
Bentand tiedrebarsthat are form
into‘basket’shape.

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The excavatoris usedtoexcavate the
site.
The contractor showingthe cast in-
situRC wall.
The workersare preparingthe formwork.

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Conclusion
From this site visit activity, I had a chance to experience the real working space
and be in construction environment. Working in construction site is much more
different and more difficult with the hot weather condition and high risk rate. I also
learnt something that I cannot gain during lecturer class. I learnt the importance
of safety which is the basic of construction. Furthermore, I manage to explain,
describe and understand the process of constructing pad footing and what
materials and machinery needed to construct this foundation. It also helps me to
prepare myself to be a future quantity surveyor and helps me in study especially
in taking off list process as I understand the process of construction. In a
conclusion, this is a great experience for me to improving my knowledge.