The document is a site visit report from a student studying quantity surveying. It summarizes their visit to an apartment construction site. The report describes the pile foundation system used, with precast concrete piles driven into the ground. It then explains the process of constructing pile caps and column stumps, including formwork, reinforcement, and pouring concrete. Key materials used are also identified as reinforcement bar, reinforced concrete, and timber formwork. Photos from the site supplement the technical descriptions.

1. SCHOOL OF ARCHITECTURE, BUILDING & DESIGN
BACHELOR OF QUANITY SURVEYING (HONOURS)
INTEGRATED ASSIGNMENT:
MEASUREMENT 1(QSB 60104)
CONSTRUCTION TECHNOLOGY 1(BLD 60104)
BUILDING MATERIALS (BLD 62003)
SITE VISIT REPORT
STUDENT NAME : CHOW WEN FANG
STUDENT ID NO : 0326822
DATE OF SUBMISSION : 13/07/2016

2. [Documenttitle] |ChowWen Fang
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CONTENT
1.0 Introduction 3
2.0 Objective 4
3.0 Technical Observation
 Pile Foundation 5
 Process ofconstructing a pile cap and column stump 6-7
 Material involved in constructing a pile cap and column stump 8
4.0 Photo and Description 9-13
5.0 Conclusion 14

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Introduction
An integrated assignment is given to us which is graded based on 3 modules, which is
Measurement 1, Construction Technology 1 and Building Material. We are required to
go for an on-going construction site for site visit which is organised by our
Measurement 1 lecturer, Sr Ang Fuey Lin. After the site visit, we are required to write
a site visit report on what we have observed and understand in the site.
The site visit was held on the 5th July 2017, Wednesday. We are required to arranged
our own transport and gathered at the site at 9am. The Health and Safety gave us a short
briefing on safety precaution which we need to obey and they separated us into 2 groups.
The construction site is located at Bandar Bukit Raja, off Jalan Mukim Kapar, Daerah
Klang, 41050 Shah Alam, Selangor. This is a project is known as Serunai Apartment, a
Rumah Selangorku initiative. It is a 8.92 arce development featuring two high rise
residential apartment blocks. Each block consists 16 floors with 285 units and there’s a
block with 5 storey covered multi-tiered parking lots in between Block A and Block B.
Spacious recreational park is provided which includes of multipurpose hall, playground
and surau.
Nonetheless, in this report we are required to focus more on pile caps and column
stump. For example, how the pile caps and column stump is constructed and what are
the material involved in constructing.
Figure 1: Health& Safety Engineer Figure 2: Site Plan
briefing on safety precautions

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Objective
 To understand the basics of the construction process.
 Witness the usage of construction equipment on site including mechanical plants.
 To explore and identify various types of building materials and technology on site.
 To explain the construction of buildings and the scientific principles that underpin the
design and construction.
 The importance of the awareness of safety precautions on sites.
 Understand the practical aspect of construction techniques in comparison to the theory
aspect in books and its application on site.

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Technical Observation
Pile Foundation
The foundation used on the site is pile foundation. It is used to carry and transfer the load of
the structure to the bearing ground located at some depth below ground surface. The main
components of the foundation are the pile cap and the piles. Piles are long and slender members
which transfer the load to deeper soil or rock of high bearing capacity avoiding shallow soil oflow
bearing capacity.
Figure 3: Pile Foundation
The piles used is precast concrete piles. It is defined as reinforced concrete pile which is
moulded in square form. The precast concrete pile can avoid cracks that could lead to corrosion
of the reinforcement by ground water. The function of reinforced in a precast pile is to resist
the stress produced which the pile is finally expected to receive.
Figure 4: Precast concrete piles which
has driven into the ground

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Process of constructing a pile caps and column stump
Backfilling
Removal of formwork
Formwork for column stump
Reinforced concrete in pile cap
Reinforcement Bar in pile cap and column stump
Formwork for Pile Cap
Concrete Blinding
Cut Off Piles
Excavation
Piling
Site Survey and Site Clearance

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1. Site Survey and Site Clearance
 Before construction starts, they need to undergo site survey to determine the soil
condition. The soil condition in the site is clay subsoil which has low bearing
capacity and that’s the reason why piling is chosen as the foundation. Besides
that, they are required to determine the depth to be excavate from ground level.
After site survey, they will start the construction with site clearance which is
removing tree, vegetation etc.
2. Piling
 After site preparation, the piles are driving into the subsoil until the maximum
driven pile point
3. Excavation
 After finish pilling, pit is excavated to receive pile cap.
4. Cut off piles
 After excavation, the need to break the piles of RC piles and cut of piles at a
level by machines.
5. Concrete Blinding
 A concrete blinding layer 50mm thick as Grade 15 of weak concrete placed
under the pile cap. The function of the concrete blinding are to fill any weak
pockets encountered during excavation and to provide a true level surface from
which the reinforcement can be positioned.
6. Formwork for pile cap
 After lean concrete is set, they build the formwork for pile caps. The formwork
which is used by this construction is traditional timber formwork.
7. Reinforcement Bar
 High tensile reinforcement bar is installed in the pile cap following by installing
the reinforcement bar in column stump. In positioning the reinforcement in the
formwork, they tie or join together with the bar of piles and the bar of column
stump.
8. Reinforced Concrete in pile cap
 After all the reinforcement bar have been laid, the Grade 30 concrete is poured
into the formwork of pile caps and compacted it. It is left to set, harden and
curing for a few days.
9. Formwork to column stump
 After the concrete of the pile cap is set, formwork for column is installed.
10. Removal formwork
 After the concrete is set, the formwork can be remove. The labour will remove
the formwork by removing the nails.
11. Backfilling

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Material involved in constructing a pile cap and column stump
Reinforment Bar
A rebar, also known as reinforcing steel or reinforcement steel is a common steel bar, and is
commonly used as a tensioning device in reinforced concrete and reinforced masonry structures
holding the concrete in compression. It is usually formed from carbon steel , and is given ridges
for better mechanical anchoring into the concrete. There are two types of reinforcement bar
which is high tensile steel rod bar and mild steel rod bar. There are available in different
diameters.
ReinforcedConcrete
Concrete is one of the main component used to construct a pile cap and stump. Concrete is a
heterogenous material. The composition of concrete is mixed with cement, sand gravel, rock
aggregate and water. The ratio of the composition is 1:2:4(cement: sand: aggregate). By
meeting the standard and special mix, concrete is produced from local resources with many
grades of fine and course aggregates. It’s is the most widely used building material. The
appearance of the concrete can be influence by the formwork used, surface treatment after
casting, composition of concrete mix and quality of workmanship. There are ways to test the
workability and flow value of concrete. For example, slump test, compacting factor test, vebe
test and also flow test. From what I heard from the instructor, the concrete grade used for those
structure at the site is all depends the load that the structure need to withstand.
Formwork
Formwork is a mould including all supporting structures, used to shape and support the
concrete until it attains sufficient strength to carry its own weight. It should be capable of
carrying all imposed dead and live loads apart from its own weight. The formwork that are
used on site is timber formwork. The advantage of using timber formwork is that it can be
reused and it is easy to work with hammer and nails. Besides that, it has cheaper production
and cost.

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Photo and Description
Figure 5: Disposal bin is provided Figure 6: Ground beam with column
reinforcement bar
Figure 7: Ground beam with timber Figure 8: Crawler Excavator
formwork and BRC

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Figure 9: Column Stump reinforcement bar Figure 10: Timber formwork is well stacked
with links.
Figure 11: Backhoe- Loader Figure 12: Pile Cap with column stump
reinforcement bar.
LINKS

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Figure 13: Wheel wash system Figure 14: Independent Scalfolding
available at the site.
Figure 15: Concrete blocks which is Figure 16: Temporary worker
well stack at the corner of the site. accomodation and site office

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Figure 17: Scalfolding Parts Figure 18: Organisation board required by
Majlis which states projectinformation
and people in charge.
Figure 19: Tower Crane Figure 20: Ground beam with reinforment bar

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Figure 21:Signboards indicating site safety Figure 22: Column with 42d starter bar
requirements are located at the
entrance of the site.
Figure 23: Ground beam with slab Figure 24: Fabric Mesh Reinforcement
with 9d hook.
42d Starter Bar
9d hook
Slab
Ground Beam

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Conclusion
Site visiting provides a really great opportunity for a student like me who is still new to
the construction industry. Throughout the site visit, I was able to see a real life version of how
a construction process actually works. Besides that, the knowledge I have gained through this
site visit really helped me in understanding more on the topics we have learned from our
lecturer.
We were able to see how those structure frames such as ground beams, slabs, pile cap and
column is being built and how the equipment works on site. Moreover, I realised working on a
construction site is not an easy job as it is dangerous and workers have to work under hot
weather.
After writing this site report, I am able to understand more on how a pile caps and column
stump is constructed and the material used to construct it. I find these construction process
really interesting and amazing, which I hope I would be able to watch how those process goes
on in the future again. I would like to thank our lecturer, Sr. Ang Fuey Ling, Ms. Azrina and
Ms Habizah for giving us this great opportunity to visit an on-going construction site.
Figure 25: Group picture before we leave the site