Essay About Principles Of Macroeconomics

Essay about Principles of Macroeconomics
Data Exercise One ECON 201: Principles of Macroeconomics September 5, 2014 To live in an economy that is not negatively impacted by recession,
downsizing, or business capsizing would be ideal. The unfortunate reality is that we are faced with economic situations that will be either helpful or
hurtful to us all. Over the last few quarters between 2013 and 2014 the U.S. Bureau of Economic Analysis (BEA), conducted an analysis that reflects
the changes in GDP. During this time the Nominal GDP was much greater than the Real GDP. Expenditures Approach to Calculating GDP
–638175208978500From 2013 through 2014 the Nominal GDP was greater because the values during that time were not adjusted. It is understood that
Nominal GDP is the... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Considering the table above, GNP was higher than the National Income by 2,521.3. To determine National Income from GNP you have to subtract
GNP. The main component would be the value of GNP and the total output of goods and services of a country. National Income also considers both
domestic and international earnings. GDP in Different Countries COUNTRY GDP (in billions of U.S. dollars) Population (in millions) Per Capita
GDP (in thousands of U.S. dollars) 1 2 3 4=2/3 UNITED STATES 16800 316.1 5314.7 JAPAN 4901 127.3 3849.9 CHINA 9240 1357.3 680.7
MEXICO 1260 122.3 1030.2 RUSSIAN FEDERATION 2096 143.5 1460.6 SWITZERLAND 650.7 8.081 8052.2 SWEDEN 557.9 9.592 5816.3
LUXEMBOURG 60.38 .543 11119.7 COUNTRY GDP (in billions of U.S. dollars) Population (in millions) Per Capita GDP (in thousands of U.S.
dollars) 1 2 3 4=2/3 LUXEMBOURG 60.38 .543 11119.7 SWITZERLAND 650.7 8.081 8052.2 SWEDEN 557.9 9.592 5816.3 UNITED STATES
16800 316.1 5314.7 JAPAN 4901 127.3 3849.9 RUSSIAN FEDERATION 2096 143.5 1460.6 MEXICO 1260 122.3 1030.2 CHINA 9240 1357.3
680.7 In the table above are different countries reflecting their GDP, population and Per Capita GDP. When arranged based on GDP, the United States
ranked highest. Upon rearranging the order by highest Per Capita GDP to the lowest, the order did not remain the same, as for order per GDP and
Luxembourg was the highest. This difference is due to the population size and the fact that
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The Human Development Index Is a Better Measure of...
I will advance the thesis that the Human Development Index (HDI) is a better measure of economic performance than the Gross Domestic Product
(GDP) per capita. By saying that the HDI is a better system to measure economic performance, I mean that because the HDI highlights the trend
between longevity, education and economic growth, it calculates a better analysis of an economy (Costa, Steckel 1997, p. 71). In contrast, the GDP per
capita only accounts for the gross domestic product without paying any attention to other factors of an economy (Hawthorn, Sen 1997, p. 60). With
this being said, my thesis asserts that the HDI is a better measure for economic performance because it considers significant factors that play large roles
in an ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
As I just defended the importance of considering longevity in an economy, I will now explain why it is imperative to consider education when
calculating the development and performance of an economy. To begin, when a population is educated they will have the opportunity to adapt new
technology and new ideas to enhance their productivity and output, which is an essential part of competing against other economies in the
international arena. To be more specific, when a population is able to adapt new technology and idea they increase their speed of production, which,
in turn, increases their output, which means, in simple terms, new technology and ideas increase an economy's growth because it allows them to
produce more, faster and trade more, faster. This is best explained in Invest in Humans, Technological Diffusion, and Economic Growth that says,
"the better educated farmer is quicker to adopt profitable new processes and products since, for him, the expected payoff from innovation is likely to
be greater and the risk likely to be smaller; for he is better able to discriminate between promising and unpromising ideas, and hence les likely to make
mistakes (Nelson, Phelps 1966, p.70)", while the less educated farmer is prudent to delay the introduction of new technology until he has concrete
evidence of its profitability, which is often from his

Gross National Income (GNI)
I chose to do GNI per capita (PPP 2013) because at first glance I could tell that the numbers would vary a lot more than the other three options. GNI
has to do with thousands while the other choices were single digits. Gross national income (GNI) was also a topic I find to be interesting. I think it
is beneficial to see each countries individual income and a choropleth map depicts it very well. The first methodology I used for this map the video
by Professor Bell. I looked at the tables in the Appendix comparing them and doing a little bit of research to see which one was the most interesting to
me. I then opened the Excel sheet and began plugging in the numbers for each country. Once I plugged them in I ordered them from largest to smallest.

Bruce And Johnston Retirement Case Summary
Bruce and Faith Johnston are 64 and 58 respectively and plan to retire within the next 2 years. They have a combined net worth of $456,990 and if
they accomplish their goals of paying off their outstanding debt and their mortgage, their net worth will increase. Their current monthly income sums
to $5,666 and their total monthly expenses totals to around $4,500 with $1,000 of it as expenses for subsidizing living expenses for their two children
as a result of a "late parenthood". With the idea of retiring within the next two years, their main source of income following retirement is the $235,000
in Bruce's company profit sharing plan, and the potential inheritance of $150,000 from Faith's father. Their monthly household expenses include $850
for their mortgage, which has nine years of payments remaining, $400 for property taxes, $300 for utilities, $250 for insurance, and $278 for their new
car that still has 48 payments left. With their monthly income totaling $5,666, that leaves only $1,166 a month for various expenses that might pop up
and for further investments into Bruce's profit sharing plan. They do not have any cash assets, which is a negative about their financial situation. They
also have numerous debts which include their $75,000 mortgage, $13,344 for a car loan, ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Once Bruce retires, his employer will become a secondary payer, as Medicare will be the primary. His employer will continue to provide health
benefits for Faith for an increased premium of $352 per month. They also have coverage for both their car and home with $300,000 liability limits.
The couple does not have disability insurance and at this stage in their life they might not need it. They also do not have an umbrella insurance policy
to cover all of their belongings, which I would recommend them looking into instead of just insurance for their home and

Gross Domestic Product ( Gdp ) Economic Statistics
Gross Domestic Product (GDP) economic statistics are one of the most closely watched stats throughout each country. In the charts listed above, the
nominal GDP is greater than real GDP in each quarter of 2016 due to the nominal GDP reflecting current GDP at current price and real GDP
reflecting current GDP at past year prices. Also, the chart reflects that the nominal GDP was greater than the real GDP for each quarter of 2016 due to
the value of the nominal GDP sub–categories (personal consumption expenditures, gross private domestic investments, and government consumption
expenditures and gross investment) all being significantly higher than the same sub–categories listed under the real GDP. The nominal GDP reflects
the prices that are... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Some differences between the two products are services or the market of goods that are produced for that respective country's economy. However, the
GNP does not include the annual foreign production that is inherited by the domestic citizens, whereas the GDP does include the foreign productions
that are inherited by its domestic citizens. According to the table above, to determine the GNP and GDP you will calculate the national product total
from the national and personal income. National income is the overall annual value of goods and services within a respective country economy. The
chart shows that in 2016, the GNP was $7,864.80 higher than the national income. National income is broken down into ten categories (compensation
of employees, rents, interest, proprietor's income, corporate income taxes, dividends, undistributed corporate profits, indirect business taxes,
consumption of fixed capital and net foreign factor income). However, the employee compensation makes up the largest portion of the national
income. In my opinion, I believe this to be true, because the economy is valued by its population and the services that are provided and goods that are
sold. This can't happen without having citizens gainfully employed, which in return will need to be compensated for the work they are contributing to
their economy. Part III. GDP in Different Countries Country NameCountry CodeSeries NameSeries Code2015

Economic Growth Between India And India
Table of content Introduction......................................................................................................................1 What is Economic growth?
................................................................................................2 What is GDP? ..................................................................................................................3
Compare economic growth Australia and India....................................................................4 Positives and negatives impacts on
society...........................................................................5... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
In contrast, the lack of economic growth in the poorest countries of the world has meant that living conditions for hundreds of millions of people are
appalling by the standards of rich countries; per capita income levels in many 21st–century countries are much lower than they were in 19th–century.To
understand why the human race has become so much wealthier and why our wealth is shared so inequitably among the inhabitants of the world, we
need to understand what drives economic growth. What is Economic Growth? An increase in the capacity of an economy to produce goods and
services, compared from one period of time to another. Economic growth can be measured in nominal terms, which include inflation, or in real terms,
which are adjusted for inflation. For comparing one country 's economic growth to another, GDP or GNP per capita should be used as these take into
account population differences between countries. Economic growths is an increase in what an economy can produce if it is using all its scarce
resources. An increase in an economy's productive potential can be shown by an outward shift in the economy's production possibility frontier. A
country 's economic growth is usually indicated by an increase in that country 's gross

Definition Of Poverty
There are a number of definitions of poverty. It is a multifaceted notion which includes social, economic, and political components. "How we define
poverty is critical to politics, policy and academic debates about the concept. It is bound up with explanations and has implications for solutions."
(Lister, 2004 as cited in Class notes, 2017). The United Nations, first established in 1945 shortly after the second world war, was created to promote
international co–operation and maintain international order (UN, 2017). The global term for poverty is defined by using the Gross National Product
(GNP) and Gross Domestic Product (GDP). Both defined by the World Bank, GNP uses market valuations to measure national income: GNP per
capita (each person) gives an indication of the typical material living standards of a nation, whereas, GDP is a measure of the total market value of
goods and services output and their economic activity. The United Nations set the bar at the minimum daily income of $1.25 (93 pence) per day
(Class notes, 2017). If you are living on less than this you are classed as living in absolute poverty. How poverty is measured is a contested concept
and has had researchers long trying to establish a fixed method of determining. The four main concepts are absolute poverty, relative poverty and
deprivation, consensual poverty, and social exclusion (Class notes, 2017). The concept of absolute poverty was developed in the 19th century by
Joseph Rowntree and was

Gross Domestic Product Is The Value Of Goods Produced And...
Gross Domestic Product, also known as GDP, is defined as the value of goods produced and services provided in a country during one year. Gross
Domestic Product is important in the culture of economics because in the United States, we use it to measure the well–being of the economy. Gross
Domestic Product is measured in quarters, there are four quarters in one economic year. Say the Gross Domestic Product is down 10% in Quarter One
and then in Quarter Two the Gross Domestic Product has gone up by 15%. You subtract 15% from 10% and then you are left with 5%. Therefore, the
economy, or the Gross Domestic Product, has grown by 5% since the last quarter. If the Gross Domestic Product was never measured, we as
Americans would not know if the economy was growing, shirking, or staying the same.
On news channels like FOX News, FOX Business Network, CNN, and MSNBC we hear them talking about the nation's economy and the gross
domestic product all the time. On shows like Neil Cavuto, they have guest on the show to discuss the current gross domestic product and how it's
either improved or diminished over the past years or quarters. In 2010, on Neil Cavuto's FOX Business Network show, "Cavuto on Business" the group
was discussing the downplays of the fourth quarter gross domestic product. The gross domestic product for the fourth quarter had jumped 5.4%. Neil
and four other contributors were discussing whether or not the Obama Administration was going to increase spending or put money

National Income in of India in 2010-11
MACRO–ECONOMICS ASSIGNMENT TOPIC: NATIONAL INCOME ACCOUNTING IN INDIA WITH REFERENCE TO THE YEAR
2010–2011 What is NATIONAL INCOME? The concept of National Income is worth elaborating as it is the index of economic development.
Innumerable varieties of goods are produced in an economy in a year. These goods or output are expressed in monetary terms. The aggregate of
monetary values of all verities of goods produced in a country during a given period, usually a year is called National product. For the production of
innumerable varieties of output, four factors of production have their respective contribution for which they are paid in terms of * rent, * wage, *
interest and * Profit. The sums of their enumerations... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The expenditure method cannot be used where markets are unorganised. The production method cannot also be used for unorganised sectors such as
small–scale industries, trade and transport, and so on. Different methods are used to measure the income genera ted by various sectors of the economy.
For calculating national income, the Indian economy is divided into 14 broad sectors, which are then grouped into three main categories : A, B and C.
Agriculture, forestry and logging, fishing, mining and quarrying, registered manufacturing and construction are included in category A. The production
method is applied to category A. The value added by this category is found by subtracting the value of raw materials and other inputs from the
aggregate of commodity–wise output. Electricity, railways, air transport, water and organised transport, communications, banking and insurance, real
estate, public administration and defence are included in category B. For category B, the income method is applied and, for this, all the types of
factor incomes which are reported in the annual accounts of various organisations are aggregated. In category C, gas and water supply, unorganised
roads and water transport, storage, trade, hotels and restaurants, ownership of dwelling and other services are included. For this category, sample
surveys are done periodically to find out the average productivity of labour. Estimates of the workforce are interpolated or extrapolated and

The Population Of The Czech Republic
Executive Summary
Population
The total population of the Czech Republic, as of July 2014, is 10,627,448 people. It is growing at an annual change of 0.17%. There are 9.79 live
births per 1,000 people as of 2014 (CIA World Factbook, 2014), and about 1.45 births per woman (World Bank, 2012).
Birthrates
There are 1.45 births per woman (World Bank, 2012) (http://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SP.DYN.TFRT.IN?)
Distribution of population
Age: The Czech Republic has a high percentage (43.6%) of citizens aged 25 to 54. The next highest percentage is that of the 65 and over age group
(17.6%). There are smaller percentages of younger ages, and as a whole, the country is ageing (CIA World Factbook, 2014).
Figure 1. Age distribution ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The primary ethnic group in the Czech Republic is the Czechs, who make up 64.3% of the population. The remaining population is comprised of
Moravians (5%), Slovaks (1.4%), other (1.8%), and an unspecified sector (27.5%) (CIA World Factbook, 2014).
Economic Statistics and activity
Gross national product (GNP or GDP)
The Czech Republic's total GNP in purchasing power parity is $281.3 billion. Their Gross Domestic Product (GDP) is $208.8 billion USD. The GDP is
decreasing at a rate of –0.7% (World Bank, 2013).
Personal income per capita
The Czech Republic has a Gross National Income (GNI) per capita of $18,950 USD (World Bank, 2013). It is decreasing at a rate of –1.5% (World
Bank, 2013). (http://data.worldbank.org/indicator/NY.GNP.PCAP.CD/countries/CZ
––XS?display=default)
The average family income (disposable) per capita in the Czech Republic is $17,262 USD per year (http://www.oecdbetterlifeindex.org/countries
/czech–republic/)
a.Distribution of wealth
i.Income classes
1.Population below the poverty line: 9.8% (CIA World Factbook, 2011) ii. Proportion of the population in each class iii. Is the distribution distorted?
Minerals and resources
The primary minerals and resources of the Czech Republic are hard and soft coal, timber, clay, graphite, and kaolin, which is a fine, soft, white clay

used for making porcelain and china (CIA World Factbook, 2014).
Surface Transportation

Personal Narrative: The Flores
The Flores are a family of five that lives in Los Angeles, California. Elizabeth,32,is the mother. Lily,14,is the daughter .Bridget,13,is the daughter.
Alexis,13,is the daughter, Katherine,14,is the daughter.Elizabeth is employed at two jobs a cosmetologist and a in Los angeles california why she
chose that job was because for one she have four kids two they both make good money and three she enjoy both of my jobs and what she will do.
Elizabeth make 76,388.00 a month in two jobs.Federal Income Tax is 11,797.00,State Income Tax is 3,963.00,FICA (SS and Medicare) is
5,738.00,Retirement Tax is 3,819.00.Yes because The government is putting it to good use. We bought a house at 12052 S. Broadway in Los
Angeles California for 340,000. It has three bedrooms, two bathrooms, and two car garage.Our mortgage is 1,205 per month and we pay 333 per
month for homeowners insurance and property tax.we picked a nice neighborhood and it is near a middle school for my children and it is close to one
of my jobs and I know my kids will be safe walking to and from school.

Concept Of Gross Domestic Product
Introduction and explanation of structure of paper
The concept of Gross Domestic Product (GDP), is the measured value of the output, which is currently produced in the domestic economy. This
gives a view of the economic wellbeing for the country, it does not however give a deeper insight into the true wellbeing of the citizens within the
country. This essay will go over the, definition of GDP, Real versus Nominal GDP, Three ways to calculate GDP, Four components of GDP, types of
money transactions not included in GDP and aspects of the standard of living that not addressed in the calculation of GDP.
Nominal versus Real GDP
Nominal GDP versus Real GDP. Nominal GDP, is the value offinal goods and services produced by and the economy in the ... Show more content on
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Examples of these are personal vehicles and homes. Non–durable goods or consumable goods, are goods that will be used and then repurchased. This
included items such as food, laundry detergent and toothpaste.
Second is Investment (I), Investment being important because it has to deal with the infrastructure of a country, state or city the GDP is being
calculated for. Investment takes into consideration, construction this includes residential, commercial and industrial. Another component of investment
is equipment, this is supplemental to construction. The last component of investment is Inventory. Inventory, this being the amount of goods or
services left in reserve and have not been used yet.
Third is Government Spending on goods and services (G), this is culmination of spending by the government that includes the total expenditures on
good and services by the federal government or state and local government.
Lastly in the calculation of GDP is the Net Exports (X–M), goods and services that are shipped or sold overseas are exports. Imports are the goods or
services that are brought into the country from overseas. When calculating the Net Exports, the exports for a given year are subtracted by the Imports
for a given year, giving the net exports.
Three types of money transactions not included in GDP Transaction that are not included would be those sales of used goods, person to person
transactions, goods

The Gross Domestic Product ( Gdp )
The Gross Domestic Product (GDP) represents the monetary value of all the finished goods and services produced within a country 's geographic
borders in a determined period of time. It is used as a quantitative measure of the total economic activity of a nation, and it is usually calculated on
an annual basis. The GDP can be determined in three different ways: output or production measure, income measure, and expenditure measure. In
theory, it should all give the same number. The output or production approach defines the GDP as the value of the goods and services produced by
all sectors of the economy. It is calculated by adding the value of the total sales of goods, minus the intermediate consumption used to produce the
final goods sold. The income approach of calculating GDP is defined as the total income earned by the factors of production within an economy. First,
you should determine the National Income by adding all the wages, rents, interests, and profits earned within an specific period of time. Then, it is
added the value of Sales Taxes, Depreciation and Net Foreign Factor Income, and the final result will be GDP. The expenditure approach identifies four
possible destinations for the total production of an economy. This output can be consumed by households, businesses, the governmentor the foreign
sector. That is why the GDP can be calculating by adding the total amount of the purchases made within an economy in a period of time. From this
approach we can identify

Cash Flow Analysis For Your Real Estate Career
As you start gathering momentum in your real estate career, you will begin to notice a steady pattern of cash going in and out of your pocket. This
is considered cash flow in the most simplest form. Cash flow analysis can be as simple or advanced as your needs determine. The investor who has
dozens of property will likely have a much more advanced and complicated cash flow analysis than the investor who has their first piece of property.
What this means for you, is there is no reason to start doing advanced and complicated analysis. This gives you the ability to start small and simple
and work your way slowly towards the more advanced details that become required later on. This will help make sure you make good decisions
because you are able to learn slowly and steadily what parts of the cash flow to focus on to maximize profits. Your cash flow analysis should at the
very least tell you how much profit you can make as well as how much it will cost for you to make that profit. The cash flow will analyze all money
that is spent on each property, as well as all sources of income that the property presents to show hopefully if you selected a good piece of property a
positive cash flow. A cash flow analysis has four basic areas to it to determine profit. The first area isgross income, followed by expenses, with debt
service and cash flow following behind. The first section is gross income; it is within that section that you will figure out your effective gross income.
First,

2015 Financial Planning Budget :
2015 Financial Planning Budget The following budget has been specifically planned for my future, with some exceptions for going through a basic
budget. I am a student at Southwestern Assemblies of God University, my degree is in Counseling Ministries with an minor in Intercultural Studies. I
found out about SAGU my senior year of high–school from a life–long friend and shortly thereafter had a complete encounter with the Holy–Spirit
speaking to my heart about what He has called me to do with my life in loving and ministering to people. If, I continue to further my education after
graduating from SAGU I know it will be to further the Kingdom of God. Being a counselor and possibly going on the mission filled can be financially
tolling,... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Should I end up on the mission field, I will have a very limited budget, and depending on the country as well, it is important for me to be a good
steward and manage my money to the best of my abilities. I am already financially supporting myself 100% through college; this has been good
preparation for the future. Hosea 10:12 says, "Sow with a view to righteousness, Reap in accordance with kindness; Break up your fallow ground,
For it is time to seek the LORD Until He comes to rain righteousness on you." (NIV; BibleGateway). I believe it is important to sow and be aware of
things such as finances, and in that faithfulness to one–day reap what the Lord has. The budget that I have constructed below is my salary as a
single–woman living and working on my own. My monthly gross income is $3,333.00. My taxes deducted as following: $216.66 goes to federal
withholding, $206.66 for social security, $48.33 to Medicare, and $229.93 for the state of Wisconsin. That leaves my monthly net income to the
amount of $2,473.17. I chose a simple 3–bedroom home in Kenosha, Wisconsin, which costs a total of $140,000.00. I decided to make a 20% down
payment of $28,000 and take out a loan for $112,000.00 at a interest rate of 3.89% per year. I had to go with the 30–year mortgage rate due to finances,
so my monthly mortgage including taxes is $701.52 (bankrate.com). If I were not to make any extra payments, I will have paid this house off by
January of 2045. I am going to

The Effects Of Immigration On The United States Essay
4. Current Situation In the past few years, a lot has been spoken and researched about immigration. The goods are moving in out of the countries
more freely as globalization has taken its stand. Not only goods, but people also move about more freely than before. Effects of immigration
Immigration can have some positive impacts as well as some negative ones. Both the hosts and originals are affected by it. The countries which are
industrialized in Western Europe or the United states are usually more of the recipient ones. The following benefits are offered to these countries by
the immigrants: Some jobs are done by the immigrants which cannot be done or will not be done by the people in the host countries; They can work
at lower rates than the people of host countries; The diversity of the host countries can be increased; If the immigrants are from a well–settled
background, the help to increase the talent pool of the host countries. There are some drawbacks as well: Exploitation of immigrants due to cheap
labor; As the immigrants are spending their merits in other countries developing or original countries may have some lack of people in their talent pool.
Some criminal elements can also get associated with immigration; If the perception of immigrants getting more benefits than the local people arise, a
tension could be initiated between them; Source: http://www.globalissues.org/article/537/immigration#Whydopeopleemigrate The face of Europe is
being

Singapore's Globalized And Diversified Economy
Singapore Known as one of the Four Asian Tigers, Singapore's globalized and diversified economy is only behind Hong Kong's. That title has been
achieved due to its market economy, "A highly developed, and one of the freest, most competitive, innovative and business friendly economy based on
extended entrepГґt trade, a profitable trading post that allows importing and exporting free of duties." (Wikipedia) Worldwide, Singapore is one of the
major commercial centers, third highest per capita income, fourth biggest in finance, and fifth among the busiest ports; yet, it has one of the highest
income inequalities. Singapore's trading and manufacturing represent 26% of its GDP. The Corruption Perception Index places Singapore along with
New Zealand and the Scandinavian countries as one of the world's least corrupt countries. Also, location, advanced infrastructure, low taxes, and skilled
workforce are the conditions that make Singapore so attractive to foreign investment. A.Identify type: predominantly agricultural, industrial, or service?
Give percentages Agriculture is definitely not one of Singapore's main economic activities; nevertheless, its main work is in the service sector. Out of
3,102,500 jobs, 2,151,400 belong to that field. Singapore's unemployment rate is only 2%. Something remarkable for such a small island is that around
7,000 multinational companies from the United States, Japan and Europe, and around 1,500 from China and another 1,500 from India, in

Cuba 's Current Gross National Income Per Person Of $ 5890...
Jason Lee
Captain Czak
History 300
21 October 2016
Cuba
Cuba's current gross national income per person of $5,890 (Talley), enormous debt, and other poor economic conditions can be explained by events
tracing back post–World War II in 1945. The island of Cuba was inhabited by different Mesoamerican cultures but introduced to European cultures in
1492 with the arrival of Christopher Columbus. Spain began to colonize Cuba among other Caribbean islands in the 16th century and utilized the
island as a stopping point before the New World. This all changed when the collapse of Haiti initiated a sugar boom causing Cuba to emerge as a
major world sugar producer. Freedom from Spain was finally gained with the help of the United States after the Spanish American War when the Treat
of Paris was signed. About three years later, the Platt Amendment was passed which provided the United States control and great influence in Cuba's
domestic and international affairs. The United States control was further strengthened after World War II when Fulgencio Batista became President of
Cuba in 1952. But this created many issues which fueled the Cuban Revolution ending in 1959 when Fidel Castro overthrew Batista, propelling Cuba
into a new era of communism. The period of decolonization for Cuba after World War II sparked a surge of nationalism which helped Fidel Castro
dissolve American political, economic, and diplomatic ties as well as establish a communist regime after the Cuban Revolution.

Deduction
LESSON 12 DEDUCTIONS
Dr Vandana Bansal
STRUCTURE
12.0 Objectives 12.1 Introduction 12.2 Deductions from gross total income 12.3 Basic rules governing deductions under sections 80C to 80U 12.4
Deductions 12.5 Deductions to encourage savings 12.5.1 Deduction in respect of life insurance premium, etc.80C 12.5.2 Deduction in respect of
pension fund 80CCC 12.5.3 Deduction in respect of contribution to pension scheme of central government 80CCD 12.6 Deductions for certain personal
expenditure 12.6.1 Deduction in respect of medical insurance premium 80D 12.6.2 Deduction in respect of maintenance including medical treatment of
dependent who is a person with disability – section 80DD 12.6.3 Deduction in respect of medical treatment – section ... Show more content on
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To give impetus to savings these deductions are given on certain investments or certain expenditure made by the assessee. Deduction is allowed when
the saving is invested but normally any withdrawal is treated as income in the year of withdrawal.
__________________________________________________________________
12.5.1 DEDUCTION IN RESPECT OF LIFE INSURANCE PREMIA, ETC. (SEC. 80C)
A new section 80C has been inserted from the assessment year 2006–07 onwards. Section 80C provides deduction in respect of certain expenditure
/ investments (which are specified in this section) paid or deposited by the assessee in the previous year. Deduction under this section is available
only to individual & Hindu Undivided Family. Gross Qualifying Amount The following payments/investments qualify for deduction under this
section. The total amount of investments made during the P.Y. under these below mentioned schemes is known as Gross Qualifying Amount ( GQA
) 1.Life Insurance premium paid on a policy taken on his own life, life of the spouse or any child (child may be dependent/ independent ). In the
case of a Hindu undivided family, policy may be taken on the life of any member of the family. The premium paid should be maximum of 20% of
sum assured . 2. Any sum deducted from salary payable to a Government employee for the
167
purpose of securing him a deferred annuity (subject to a maximum of 20% of salary) 3. Contribution towards statutory provident fund and

Positive Impact Of Globalization
Ans. What is globalization?
Globalization means integrating our economy with world economy. Globalization helps in interaction between people, companies and governments
through exchange of goods and services, grants, and exchange of technology.
Globalization in India
In year 1991 Indian economy faced economic crisis due to serious Balance of Payments problems and the rupee devaluated and India at that time had
reserve for imports of only three weeks. So the Indian government had taken a step towards globalization for wellness of Indian economy.
Impacts of globalization
Basically everything have two impacts one is positive and one is negative. So the globalization also has positive as well as negative impacts
пЃ¶Positive impacts of globalization
Variety of products– As India open their doors for foreign companies in 1991 the Indian customer get a large variety of product of various
companies at lower prices. After 1991 Indians are not only having Indian products but also have foreign products which are of very good quality.
The entry of foreign companies in India had also leads to improve in standard of livings of Indian people because they were providing good quality
products at low prices.
Gross domestic product – Gross domestic product is the values of finished goods and services produced within the domestic territory of a country at a
particular poinyt of time.
a)Nominal GDP – In year 1991 GDP was Rs 5,86,212 cr. after passing 25 years in year 2016 it was

Gross Domestic Product Is The Measure Of A Nation 's Total...
Gross Domestic Product is the curative measure of a nation's total economic activity. It represents the monetary value of all goods and services
produced within a nation's geographic borders over a specified period of time. In other words, it's how to tell how the economy of a country is
doing. It is the total dollar valued of all goods and services; the size of the economy usually in a given year. GDP first came into use in 1937 in a
report to the US Congress in response to the Great Depression, after Russian economist Simon Kuznets conceived the system of measurement. The
system used before was the Gross National Product (GNP). It was widely adopted in 1944 as the standard means to measure national economist. The
income approach to calculate the GDP is the sum of the components. Labor income, rental income, interest income, and profits earned by households in
a year. What is spent on a product is the income to those who helped to produce it and sell it. The expenditure approach, on the other hand, totals
consumption, investment, government spending, and net exports produced by a country in a year. The first component of the GDP is consumption. It
includes all private and public consumption, government outlays, investments, and exports minus imports that occur within a defined territory. Is
normally the largest GDP component. Many persons judge the economic performance of their economic performance of their country mainly in terms
of consumption level of dynamics.

Analysis Of Bobbi And The Strays
Bobbi and the Strays is a not–for–profit organization dealing with animal welfare. The mission of the organization is to provide humane care and
service to all orphaned, stray, abused and special needs cats or dogs. The field research focuses on expenses of the organization. The Better Business
Bureau sets standards for charitable organizations to up hold, the following is an overview of standards dealing with expenses: Standard 11 requires the
organization's annual financial statements have to be prepared in accordance with Generally Accepted Accounting Principles: o If total annualgross
income exceeds $500,000 these statements have to be audited o If the annual gross income is less than $500,000 it is sufficient enough the statements ...
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Since the organization spent less than 35% the standards requirement was met.
Standard 12 requires a breakdown of expenses to be included in the financial statements. o The breakdown should be detailed, showing what portion
of the expenses was allocated to program, fund raising and administrative activities. o If the organization has more than one major program service
activity than the detailed breakdown of expenses should include a separate expense category for each major program. o If solely IRS Form 990 is
provided by the organization, it is sufficient enough to fulfill this standard, only if the organization has one major program activity.
Bobbi and the Strays is an organization with only one major program activity, which is providing rescue and care for stray animals. According to the
standard since Bobbi and the Stray has only one major program service activity than it is sufficient for the organization to provide IRS Form 990 and
fulfill this standard. As previously mentioned in standard 11, Form 990 has included a breakdown of expenses in Part IX, which also fulfills the
conditions under standard

Gdp And Total Expenditure On Purchasing A New Houses Essay
1. GDP is the monetary value allocated to all goods and services produced within a given country. This excludes the net income accruing from
abroad. GDP can be measured using the total expenditure approach for calculating National Income as a summation of total expenditure on
commodities produced in a given economy. Any expenditure on purchasing a new houses is excluded. The final consumption of the government is
also included together with all current expenditure. Their expenditure on fixed assets is also included. The value of the physical increase in
inventories during the course if the year is also included. The summation of all these components is the Total Domestic Expenditure, TDE. Adding up
expenditure on export to the TDE determines the Total Final Expenditure. Subtracting all expenditure on imports from this total results to a measure
known as the GDP at market rate. Subtracting taxes on expenditure levied by the government and adding back the total amount of subsidy leads to
the arrival at a figure known as GDP at factor cost. National income is however affected by interest, rent and profit accruing from abroad and the net
of the property income from abroad ought to be added to the GDP. This leads to the arrival at the GDP at factor cost. GDP can also be arrived at by
using factor incomes in the computation of National Income. Under this approach, the summation of individual incomes arrives at the domestic
income, as each time something is produced and sold,

Evaluation Of The Department 's Case For Snap Benefits For...
DEPARTMENT'S POSITION
The Department's Representative testified that a redetermination of the Appellant's eligibility for SNAP benefits for her household of six (6) was
completed in May 2016. This redetermination of eligibility was based on the pay stubs provided with the Semi–Annual Reporting (SAR) Form. The
Appellant provided two paystubs from each of her employers dated March 4, 2016 and March 18, 2016. The Appellant had apart–time as well as a
full–time job. The income was averaged to determine an approximate gross monthly income of $715.82 from her part–time employer and $1852.12
from her full–time employer. The Appellant was given the deduction of $570.00 for her heating allowance and $124.00 for her child care expenses.
When the ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
APPLICABLE LAW, REGULATIONS, STATUTES AND POLICY
55 Pa. Code В§ 275.4 Procedures.
(g) Hearing proceedings. Hearing proceedings will conform with the following: (2) Agency staff responsibility at the hearings. The County
Assistance Office and other agencies as appropriate will prepare for the hearing so that evidence considered in making the decision or taking the
action which is at issue and evidence that supports that decision or action will be introduced at the hearing in an orderly and concise manner.
Relevant information which is presented at a hearing will include the following: (i) Names, relationships and ages of the persons affected, and the
type of assistance involved. (ii) The decision or action which prompted the request for the hearing. (iii) Description of the relevant facts and events
leading to the decision or action plus evidence to support the decision or action, including identification of the pertinent regulations applied in making
the decision. (iv) Detailed computation of the grant, allowances and income, before and after implementation of the agency decision or action.
Regulation 55 Pa. Code В§ 275.4(g)(6) states "Since the hearing decision will be based solely on the information presented at the hearing as described
in subsection (h)(2), failure

Personal Finance Assignment 2
| | |
Assignment 2
Instructions
Save the file in your course folder, and name it with Assignment, the section number, and your first initial and last name. For example, Jessie
Robinson's assignment 1R for Section 1 would be named Assignment1JRobinson.
Type the answers to the assignment's questions. Use complete sentences unless the question says otherwise. You will have more than one day to
complete an assignment. At the end of each day, be sure to save your progress.
Review Lesson 4 of the Course Overview for instructions about turning in your assignments. ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
I would also have to find an apartment, which fits my needs. I would also have to know how to manage on my own.
4. Describe an example of a common financial resource, an expense, and a debt. These can be examples from your own life or from other people you
know or can imagine. (3–6 sentences. 3.0 points)
A financial resource is like a bank loan or a mortgage they are when you receive financial assistants with paying for something like a car or a
divorce. Paying for utilities is a type of an expense, when you have to pay for things like water, electrical, and heating. A debt is something when you
owe money to another party after taking out a loan, debts you pay after a long period of time.
5. Describe a real or made up but realistic example of earned income that you or someone you know has received. What type of work was the income
from? Was the income in the form of a salary or wages? (1–2 sentences. 1.0 points)
My parents receive an earned income, meaning they work for it, unlike unearned income like child support and disability. My mom works as a
Human Resources Director; she over sees all investigations in her facility and hires and fires people. My dad works as an Operations Sales Manager,

so he over sees all of the different sales. They both have salary wages, so their income isn't based on hours.
6. Describe a real or made up but realistic example of unearned income that you or someone you

ECO 100 Final Paper Effects of taxes on the economy
Effects of Taxes on the Economy
Donna Ralston
ECO 100 Survey of Contemporary Economic Issues
Instructor: Frank Huber
July 14, 2014
What happens to the economy when the government raises or lowers taxes? Lots of people in America do not understand exactly what happens to the
economy when the government raises or lowers taxes. In this paper I am going to address that question as well as a few other things such as:
Describing the effect on net personal income when the government raises taxes and when the government lowers taxes. Describing how the Gross
Domestic Product (GDP) is affected by higher taxes and lower taxes. I will also identify what other economic factors are affected when taxes are raised
or ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
To get everything produced by a country's citizens, no matter where they are in the world, you should look at Gross National Product (GNP), also called
Gross National Income (GNI)." (Amadeo,K. n.d) Each month, the Bureau of Economic Analysis (BEA), an agency of the U.S. Department of
Commerce, releases an estimate of the level and growth of U.S. gross domestic product (GDP), which is the output of goods and services produced by
labor and property located in the United States.
Usually, a recession is when a slowdown in economic activity happens and can cause a decrease in jobs, as well as constricted credit for loans, and
lethargic or disheartened sales overall. To be precise, a recession is defined as a decrease in the nation's total economic activity (the GNP) for two or
more consecutive quarters. We know when a recession occurs because it affects everyone. You might lose your job, be turned down for a loan that you
normally could have gotten etc... The government intervenes by implementing the fiscal policy; it is a type of economical intervention where the
government inserts its guidelines into the economy to either expand the economy's growth or to contract it. They do this by fluctuating the levels of
spending and taxation, the governments can directly or indirectly affect the total demand, which is the total amount of goods and services in the
economy.
What other economic factors are affected when taxes are

Gross Income Implications For The Individual Who Accepted...
Gross Income implications for the individual who accepted the bribe:
The definition of gross income per section 1 of the Income Tax Act for any resident is:
the total amount
in cash or otherwise
received by, or accrued to, or in favour of such resident
during such year or period of assessment
excluding receipts and accruals of a capital nature
The bribe of R300 000 meets all the aforementioned requirements of the gross income definition except for whether or not the amount has been
'received by' the senior official during the year of assessment ending 28 February 2015.
The gross income definition requirement of 'received by' is not defined in the Income Tax Act and therefore the following case law principles will be
applied in determining whether the bribe, being illegal income, should be included in the individuals gross income for the current year of assessment.
Cases:
An amount is 'received by' a tax payer if the taxpayer intended to receive the amount for his own benefit irrespective of the legality(legal or illegal) of
such amounts (MP Finance Group CC v CSARS (2007)).
The source of income, legal or illegal, is irrelevant in determining if an amount constitutes gross income. Moreover, illegal receipts are taxable(CIR v
Delagoa Bay Cigarette Co)
In order to constitute a 'receipt' for normal tax purposes, the taxpayer must have received the amount on his own benefit and for his own behalf
(Geldenhuys v CIR).
It can be deduced using the above

How the Philippine Gov. Measure Its Gdp and Gnp
GDP and GNP as economic indicators
Gross Domestic Product (GDP) and Gross National Product (GNP) are key figures in accessing the status of a country's economy. These numbers are
also used to gauge the competency of the administration in steering the economic wheels of the country.
By definition:
Gross Domestic Product (GDP) is the total market value of a country's output. It is the market value of all final goods and services produced within a
given period of time by factors of production within a country.
Gross National Product (GNP) is the total market value of all final goods and services produced within a given period by factors of production owned
by a country's citizens, regardless of where the output is produced.
GNP vs. ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
G– Government Consumption
I – Capital Formation (spending by firms & households on new capital)
X – Exports
M –Imports
SD– Statistical Discrepancy
Table 2
Table 2.1
Table 2.2
Table 2.3

Table 2.4
*Current Market Prices
In the presentation at current market prices, the component of GDP are all valued at the existing year of current market prices
*Constant Market Prices
At Constant Market Prices In the presentation of constant prices at base year, all product aggregates are valued at fixed base year prices. The first base
year used to calculate GDP was 1985.
*A good resource to compute for constant market price (Philippine consumer Index) http://www.census.gov.ph/data/sectordata/datacpi.html
What Accounts for the Biggest Difference between the two measures?
The difference between the Gross Domestic Product (GDP) and our Gross National Product (GNP) is what is referred to as NFIA or Net Factor
Income from Abroad. See Table 3
Table 3. GDP, GNP and NFIA Figures 2003
–2008 in MillionsSource. National Statistics Coordination Board
PERIODAt Current Prices GDPNFIAGNP
20034,316,402315,0774,631,479
Q1994,22468,5501,062,773
Q21,032,44080,7781,113,218
Q31,057,50283,3141,140,816
Q41,232,23682,4351,314,672
20044,871,555376,5095,248,064
Q11,109,07884,3291,193,407
Q21,170,57497,2451,267,820
Q31,198,55497,2021,295,756
Q41,393,34897,7331,491,081
20055,444,038447,1455,891,183
Q11,234,383100,2211,336,605
Q2

Case Study On Canara Bank Home Loan
Canara Bank Home Loan
Home Loans from Canara Bank
Why pay rent every month when you can easily own your own little space by paying affordable EMIs? Purchasing a home is one of the major
financial decisions one has to make in their life. But with the right home loan scheme you cannot just enjoy the pride of having a long–term asset of
great value, but also reap significant tax benefits.
Canara Bank offers home loan schemes at competitive interest rates and extends various special features to its customers, such as– home loan balance
transfer, no prepayment charges, minimal documentation, quick processing, and much more.
Features of Canara Bank Home Loan
Individuals can avail home loan from Canara Bank for :
Buying a fully constructed house / apartment.
Constructing a house / apartment.
Purchase of ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Reviews from other customers of the Bank are also available on the site, which enables users to get a better idea of the product. If there are any
doubts or queries, BankBazaar's dedicated customer care team is available around the clock, to assist you.
Free of Cost– BankBazaar.com offers expert advice on all your financial needs as well as provides all relevant facts and figures, at absolutely no cost.
The system is very transparent and there are no hidden charges.
Time–efficient – We redefine convenience by offering various unique facilities that enable customers to gather information on the available options
instantly, validate their eligibility, develop a check–list of the required documents, updating you on the current interest rates on Canara Bank Home
Loan, etc. We can help you save a significant amount of your precious time and effort, and make the process an easier one than you've hoped

Food Stamps and The Supplemental Assistance Program
As I drive by 2520 Irving Blvd Street, I distinctly recall what it felt like to walk out of the Department of Workforce Services building after I figured
out that my family qualified for food stamps. There wasn't a rainbow that day, after sharp flowing sprinkles fell from the sky. The parking lot was
vacant for the most part. As our family walked to our old, beat up car my mother had shed a tear of relief. For some people that don't know what food
stamps (S.N.A.P.) are, it is benefits from the government usually based on totalgross income. The total amount of money the state will provide
depends on several criteria. Before you judge, which I odds are you've already done, given that I just told you that my family was impermanently on
public assistance. First off, my mom tried to do everything right. She stayed up late on Wednesday nights clipping coupons. She baked her own bread.
She steered away from credit card debt. She drove a 10–year–old car. She even tried to get her GED except her French is stronger than her English and
she couldn't comprehend much. Amongst the United States is handling an ongoing issue about the Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program
(S.N.A.P.), which is nearly dropping 47 million Americans whom don't qualify for food stamps. Overall would increasing hardship and food
insecurities for families that severely need it. While some people milk the system and don't benefit our country trying to abuse it we will talk about
how great the amount of cuts

finance assignment 1
Assignment 1:
Part 1: Economic Basics
(10.0 points)
Please BOLD/HIGHLIGHT your answers to make it easy for me to see your answers.
1. Describe two examples of important things that financial planning skills can help you do, and explain why these things are important to you
personally. (4–6 sentences. 2.0 points)
It makes a plan for you to save money in order to buy a house, a car, go to college or afford to move into an apartment. I would like to start saving
money so I could be able to move out on my own and also to buy a car because right now I have to have my parents take me anywhere I want to go.
2. Imagine that you are considering moving to a new country and looking for a job there, but you first want to make sure the country has a ... Show
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d. Fill out the Amount You Owe section if Jessie owes the IRS money.
e. Do not fill out the Third Party Designee Section, the Sign Here section, or the Paid Preparer's Use Only Section.
f. Click the File menu, and then click Save so that your work is saved.
Part 3: Banking
(14.0 points)
1. Visit the website of a large national bank, regional bank, or credit union, and use the information you find there to answer the questions below.
EXAMPLE: Some large banks you might consider include Bank of AmericaВ®, JPMorgan ChaseВ®, Wells FargoВ®, CitibankВ®, and U.S. BankВ®.
a. What is the name of the bank or credit union? (0.5 points)
b. List three facts about savings account options at the bank or credit union you chose. (3 sentences. 1.0 points)
c. List three facts about checking account options at the bank or credit union you chose. (3 sentences. 1.0 points) d. Does this bank or credit union offer
online banking? (0.5 points)
e. Would you be likely to choose this as your bank or credit union? Why or why not? List at least two reasons for or against choosing this bank or
credit union. (3–6 sentences. 2.0 points)
2. Visit the website of a second large national bank, regional bank, or credit union, and use the information you find there to answer the questions
below. a. What is the name of the bank or credit union? (0.5 points)
b. List three differences you found between the accounts and features this bank or credit union offers and the bank from

Australia's Economic Growth
Economic growth
An increase in the capacity of an economy to produce goods and services, compared from one period of time to another.
Inflation is a general increase in prices and fall in the purchasing value of money.
The growth of an economy is thought of not only as an increase in productive capacity but also as an improvement in the quality of life to the people
of that economy.
For comparing one country's economic growth to another, GDP or GNP per capita should be used as these take into account population differences
between countries.
How is it measured?
GDP (Gross domestic product) is the sum of the market values, or prices, of all final goods and services produced in an economy during a period of
time.
It is the monetary value of ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
During the GFC, growth in the economy slowed to around half a per cent and the unemployment rate has risen by nearly two percentage points to
around 5Вѕ% by November 2009. It also decreased the wealth of Australian households by 10%
Australia's economy is dominated by its services sector, yet its economic success is based on abundance of agricultural and mineral resources.
Australia's comparative advantage in the export of primary products is a reflection of the natural wealth of the Australian continent and its small
domestic market.
Global influences
China makes up 30% of Australia's export markets, mainly focusing on services and mining goods
China's demand lead to a boom in iron ore, coal and copper prices–Iron ore peaking in 2011 at $185 per tonne, it is currently at $54 per tonne. This was
driven by Chinese demand for

The Asian Tigers : Singapore's Globalized And Diversified...
Describe the Economy Known as one of the Four Asian Tigers, Singapore's globalized and diversified economy is only behind Hong Kong's. That title
has been achieved due to its market economy, "A highly developed, and one of the freest, most competitive, innovative and business friendly economy
based on extended entrepГґt trade, a profitable trading post that allows importing and exporting free of duties." (Wikipedia) Worldwide, Singapore is
one of the major commercial centers, third highest per capita income, fourth biggest in finance, and fifth among the busiest ports; yet, it has one of the
highest income inequalities. Singapore's trading and manufacturing represent 26% of its GDP. The Corruption Perception Index places Singapore
along with New Zealand and the Scandinavian countries as one of the world's least corrupt countries. Also, location, advanced infrastructure, low taxes,
and skilled workforce are the conditions that make Singapore so attractive to foreign investment. A.Identify type: predominantly agricultural, industrial,
or service? Give percentages Agriculture is definitely not one of Singapore's main economic activities; nevertheless, its main work is in the service
sector. Out of 3,102,500 jobs, 2,151,400 belong to that field. Singapore's unemployment rate is only 2%. Something remarkable for such a small island
is that around 7,000 multinational companies from the United States, Japan and Europe, and around 1,500 from China and another 1,500 from India,

Essay on ECON 2155
ECON (2155) DOCUMENT
DATA EXERCISE #1
Consists of four parts
Part 1: Expenditures Approach to Calculating GDP (weight 25% of the assignment grade)
Complete the following exercise
Visit the Bureau of Economic Analysis Web site at www.bea.gov In U.S. Economic Accounts under National click onGross Domestic Product (GDP),
then Interactive Tables: GDP and the National Income and Product Account (NIPA) Historical Tables, click "Begin using the data", and use Section 1–
Tables 1.1.5 and 1.1.6 to identify the GDP (nominal GDP) and real GDP for the past four quarters.
a) Present the information that you received in your project as a table.
b) Write a report (1 page double – spaced), which contains ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
What is the difference between gross domestic product (GDP) and gross national product (GNP)? What is the difference in what GDP measures
compared to GNP?
2. Based on the table, what calculations must you make to determine GNP from GDP?
3. What is national income (NI)? What does NI measure?
4. Which was higher in this year, GNP or NI? By how much?
5. What calculations must you make to determine NI from GNP?
6. NI is composed of a number of categories. What category makes up the largest portion of NI? Part 3: GDP in Different Countries (weight 25% of
the assignment grade)
Complete the following exercise:
Go to World Development Indicators database: http://databank.worldbank.org/data/views/variableSelection
/selectvariables.aspx?source=world–development–indicators The countries for this part of the Data Exercise will be assigned by your professor.
Select the 8 countries assigned for the project by checking the check boxes under Country.
Select the 2 data series GDP (current US$) and Population (Total) under Series.
Select the most recent year under Time.
You can now retrieve that data by clicking one of the options on the upper right of the window. Clicking "Table" will allow you to view and copy the
data for each country. Clicking "Download" will allow you to download the data in Excel, which can then be copied into your report table.

Fill in the table below. Calculate the per capita GDP for the most recent available year for the countries with the equation

Measuring Gross Income Data Is A Measure Of Economic Welfare
Evaluate the extent to which Gross Income Data is a measure of economic welfare.
Morven Chan
Economic welfare is defined as the level prosperity and financial satisfaction of participants in an economy. Economic welfare can often be assessed
through statistics such as the level of employment. National income statistics is defined as the value of goods and services produced in an economic
system over a period of time. National Income can be broken down into four different parts which include Gross Domestic Product (GDP), Gross
National Product (GNP), GDP per capita, and GNP per capita. National Income is used for variety of purposes in our economy. Firstly, national income
statistics are important in that most of the government's future ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Therefore as is shown through the expenditure method, the equation for GDP becomes:
GDP=C+G+I+(X–M)
Looking at the equation we can see that the issue arises that from the equation, there is absolutely no calculation which addresses the economic
welfare of the people and thus, as an economic indicator GDP excels, but as a welfare indicator, this could suggest that it may not be the best choice.
Gross national product of a specific country is the sum of the goods and services produced by citizens of a country domestically and the output from
external sources which are owned/part of the specific country. The symbol used to represent gross national product is GNP and the equation for the
GNP can be simply written as:
GNP=GDP+Net property income from abroad
GNP and GDP per capita are the values for GDP and GNP divided by the population of the country. They give an average value for the output of
product per individual in the country. Before looking at the cons of national income statistics, we must first note that there are redeeming points to
using national income. For one, national income does a very good job of representing growth in the economy. However as we know economic growth
is not necessarily always a positive thing.
The issue with wealth distribution is one of the many reasons why national income

Gross Domestic Product
I.Introduction
1.Introduction and objectives
The wealth and success of a country is something that theoretically is very hard to measure and quantify. However, tools called Indexes can be
used to report on the past, present or future state of country. The usage for these Indexes is quite obvious: they can be used to benchmark the
situation of a country compared to its peers, create historical trends in order to estimate if any improvements have been made throughout the years in
multiple fields. Of course, they can also be used as political tools for the world leaders for internal purposes (linked to government policies) but also
external policies as it can be a mean to determine the power that a country can have on the international level. The main Index that has been used for
the past 80 years and is still used nowadays to measure the economic wealth is the Gross Domestic Product (or GDP). It is important to remember that
the initial goal of these indexes (and particularly the GDP) is to measure and give a detailed report of the addition, subtraction and multiplication of
certain numbers that compose a country's economy. Therefore, a measurement tool is not an end goal in itself.
Nevertheless, this index became the reason for an international competition between countries to decide which one is the most able to bring this
number to the maximum. This might not be an issue if the GDP was not mainly a measurement of the economic wealth of a country. During the years,
new

Gross Domestic Product And Gross National Income
M2A2: National Income Accounting/
Gross Domestic Product and Gross National Income
Samantha Montero & Renee Scott
After reading Economics: Principles and Tools, we understand that one is able to
measure the production of the entire economy by a tool known as the Gross Domestic Product
(GDP). GDP is defined as the total market value of all final goods and services, produced within
a country.1 It summarizes the entire production of an economy into a single number (GDP) and it
gauge 's a country standard of living. Throughout this essay we will aim to explain both the main
components of GDP and it's differences from other forms of economic measurements, as well as
touch upon it's deficiencies as a measure of welfare. We will ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
1 OКјSullivan, Arthur, and Steven M. Sheffrin. Economics: Principles and Tools. 5th ed. Upper Saddle River,
NJ: Prentice Hall, 1998. Print.
2
GDP, on top of having several different components, has a few different ways in which it

measures output. Two different measurements that are widely used are Nominal GDP and Real
GDP. The main difference between nominal GDP and real GDP is that nominal GDP doesn 't
adjust for inflation and real GDP does. 2 While real GDP is adjusted for differences in price
levels, nominal GDP when calculated is not and, as a result, will often appear higher and can be
misleading. With measurements that require adjustments, one will always encounter
discrepancies. Gross domestic input or GDI measures the sum of all income earned while
producing goods and services within a nation 's borders. 3 The difference between GDI and GDP
is that GDI calculates economic activity based on income, and GDP calculates economic activity
based on spending. While they are similar, the two measurements use different methods to gauge
the economy and thus, the data collected by GDP and GDI will almost never be the same.
According to Dr. Marilyn Waring in the film Who is Counting?4 As long as activity
passes through the market, it is good for growth. In the film Dr. Waring discusses the major

The Alien Labor Certification Application
The petitioner is structured as an S corporation. The alien labor certification application with a priority date of April 30,2001 filed with the I–140
petition reports a proffered wage in the amount of $35,401.00. The petitioner's tax returns for the years 2001 through 2009 report the following
ordinary business income[ shown on line 21 of page 1 of IRS Form 1120S.]:
2001–$44,478.00
2002–$37,957.00
2003–$38,920.00
2004–$22,355.00
2005–$30,962.00
2006–$94,562.00
2007–$45,661.00
2008–$63,641.00
2009–$46,658.00
As demonstrated below, the petitioner had the ability to pay the proffered wage to the beneficiary in 2004 and 2005, even if its ordinary business
income for those years was lower than the proffered wage.
Petitioner's ability to pay the proffered wages during the years 2004 and 2005
When a petitioner is structured as an S corporation, the USCIS Administrative Appeal Office (AAO) may consider the corporation's expense category
of compensation of officers[ shown on line 7 of page 1 of IRS Form 1120S.
] as an additional financial resource of the petitioner, in addition to the corporation's ordinary business income, available to to pay the proffered wage
to the beneficiary (Exhibit 1–AAO decisions). In support of this argument, the AAO may consider the following documents: A statement from the
officer of the corporation demonstrating that he is willing and able to forgo his compensation for the years in question; and
Documentary evidence showing that the officer of

Safe Chain Health Care Solutions, Inc. Essay
____________________________ RX, _______________ ____________________________ ____________________________ Re:Safe Chain
Health Care Solutions, Inc. Dear __________________: This letter of intent proposes to Black Rock RX, _____, ("Black Rock") an intention to
engage in a venture for the mutual benefit of it and Safe Chain Health Care Solutions, Inc. ("Safe Chain"). This letter of intent is not intended to be
a binding agreement, and no party shall be bourne until we both execute a written and formal agreement containing these terms, and other terms
that are usual and customary for a transaction such as this. 1.Services to be Provided by Black Rock. In general terms, Black Rock will develop
new customers for Safe Chain to service, which customers shall be licensed to engage in their businesses and acceptable to Safe Chain as
customers. The services that Black Rock intends to provide, in more specific terms, are set forth on Exhibit A attached to this Agreement. Those
services are intended to be a general expression of Black Rock's contributions to the venture and may change, or evolve, from time to time; provided,
however, it is the express intention of this venture between Black Rock and Safe Chain for Black Rock to provide to Safe Chain new customers
which Safe Chain can service and whose pharmaceutical products Safe Chain can sell and distribute, and for Black Rock to benefit thereby. 2.Black
Rock to Help Increase Gross Revenues. Safe Chain's expectation, and

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