History of architecture 1 - Lecture-1

1. Summer course 2016/2017
Introduction to History and Theory
of Architecture (1)
History and Theory of Architecture (1) - 0902241
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Lecture 1
University of Jordan
Faculty of Engineering
Department of Architecture

2. • Ching, F. D., Jarzombek, M. M., &
Prakash, V. (2017). A global history of
architecture. John Wiley & Sons.
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Material Text book

3. Introduction to History and Theory of Architecture (1)
What is a global history
of architecture?
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4. Introduction to History and Theory of Architecture (1)
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Global
• relating to, or involving the entire world.
• relating to, or applying to a whole.
•Global is not just a geographic construct that can be simply
contrasted with the regional or local ,global is a function of
the human imagination and culture.
• this book is Global by representing the history of the whole
world.

5. Introduction to History and Theory of Architecture (1)
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SYNCHRONY
•What did one person know about the other?
•How did information travel?
•How did architectural culture move or become translated?
seoul gyeongbok palace
-japan
beijing and the ming tombs
-china
el escorial
- spain

6. Introduction to History and Theory of Architecture (1)
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Factors that affect architectural projects:
•Forces of economy
•Trade
•War
•Conquest and colonization
•the exchange of knowledge
For example Indian architecture has been affected by:
•The flow of Indian Buddhism to China
• the settling of Mongolians in the north
• the influx of Islam from the east
• the colonization by the English from the coast
•Architectural production is always triangulated by necessity of time and
location.

7. Introduction to History and Theory of Architecture (1)
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History as dynamic
Ideas, technologies, theories, religions, and
politics are all continuing to play a role in
building the history of architecture.
•Changes in some places are perhaps more dramatic than in
others.
•The ancient Egyptian pharaohs during a period of time commissioned
pyramids; but then they stopped and built huge temples.

8. Introduction to History and Theory of Architecture (1)
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Architecture
•A place to protect yourself from elements.
•An expression of symbolic desires .
•It is embedded in local traditions .
•A type of cultural production.
the globe does not really begin in the East or the West but can
indeed start and end anywhere.

9. Introduction to History and Theory of Architecture (1)
WHAT IS HISTORY?
The study of past events
These include not just written documents, but also through objects such as
buildings,
Colosseum Rome
These include not just written documents, but also through objects such as
buildings, artifacts
An object made by a human being
These include not just written documents, but also through objects such as
buildings, artifacts and paintings.
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10. Introduction to History and Theory of Architecture (1)
WHAT IS ARCHITECTURE ?
The art or practice of designing and constructing buildings.
The style in which a building is designed and constructed, especially with
regard to a specific PERIOD….
Parthenon, Greek
Gothic Cathedrals
The National Congress of Brazil,
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11. Introduction to History and Theory of Architecture (1)
WHAT IS ARCHITECTURE ?
The art or practice of designing and constructing buildings.
The style in which a building is designed and constructed, especially with
regard to a specific period, PLACE….
Places with heavy rainfall
Design on a hill
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12. Introduction to History and Theory of Architecture (1)
WHAT IS ARCHITECTURE ?
The art or practice of designing and constructing buildings
The style in which a building is designed and constructed, especially with
regard to a specific period, place, or CULTURE.
Hindu architecture
Sikh architecture
Chinese architecture
Church architecture
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We conclude that the Historic Styles of Architecture are:
"The particular method, the characteristics, manner of design which
prevails at a certain place, time and culture .“
What are the Six Influences of Architecture??
Introduction to History and Theory of Architecture (1)

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Six Influences of Architecture:
1. Geographical.
2. Geological.
3. Climatic.
4. Religious.
5. Social.
6. Historical.
Introduction to History and Theory of Architecture (1)
Give us examples ....

15. Traces the changes in Design of various building types & functions , Structure, Construction
methods and other architectural elements Through Various Traditions, Regions, Stylistic
trends…from The Primitive Phases till the present day.
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Introduction to History and Theory of Architecture (1)

16. What is a Structures?
Various elements of building
And
How these elements are interrelated…
Purpose of Structures design ?
To make building able to stand
And
Also withstand forces which acts
on it . Forces:
Dead load
Live load
Wind force
Snow force
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Introduction to History and Theory of Architecture (1)

17. Caves - Natural formations
Tress branches and leaves
Stone hut
Sun dried (katcha ) brick house
Falling water house , Pennsylvania
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Introduction to History and Theory of Architecture (1)
Traces the changes in Design of various building types & functions , Structure, Construction
methods and other architectural elements

18. 23/12/2022 18
Lecture 1
Introduction to History and Theory of Architecture (1)
Traces the changes in Design of various building types & functions , Structure, Construction
methods and other architectural elements

19. 23/12/2022 19
Lecture 1
Introduction to History and Theory of Architecture (1)
Traces the changes in Design of various building types & functions , Structure, Construction
methods and other architectural elements

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Four Great Constructive Principles
1. Post & Lintel Construction.
2. Arch & Vault Construction.
3. Corbel or Cantilever Construction.
4. Trussed Construction.
Introduction to History and Theory of Architecture (1)
Homework.

21. Acropolis Athens
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Introduction to History and Theory of Architecture (1)
HISTORY OF ARCHITECTURE Includes a Group of BUILDINGS.
Therefore we must understand that history of architecture doesn’t end with
the single building or element but includes the surroundings as well…

22. Good to know
BC = Before Christ - THE YEARS BEFORE THE BIRTH OF JESUS CHRIST
A.D. = Anno Domini (year of our Lord) The number of years since the birth of
Jesús Christ. THE YEARS AFTER THE BIRTH OF JESUS CHRIST
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23. Pre-Historic
Egyptian
Near East
Gothic
Roman Renaissance 18th-19th C:
Revival
20th C:
Modern
Byzantine
Islamic
Early Christian
Chinese & Japanese
Indian
Greek Romanesque
The Historical Timeline of Architecture
What we’ll Focus on
in this course
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24. In this course we will answer those questions:
WHO + WHERE+WHEN -- This refer to the people who built the building / site /
town being studied. This aspect refers also to the socio-cultural conditions --
which age, how the people lived, their beliefs, how far was technology
developed, etc.
WHY -- The reason for building or the function for which the structure / town was
built.
WHAT -- The physical form of the structure / town.
HOW -- The method (technology) used -- which material, which construction
method, which structural system.
METHODOLOGY OF OUR LECTURES
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THE BEGINNINGS

26. THE BEGINNINGS
The human race appeared on Earth 2.000.000 or 3.000.000 years ago and...
...Paleolithic started
Life in prehistory : The fight for survival
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27. THE BEGINNINGS
Humans are living creaturas.… What do we need to survive?
WATER FOOD
PROTECTION
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28. In Palaeolithic people were NOMADIC
People moved from one place to another...
Protection from bad weather, dangers…
They sheltered in caves
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THE BEGINNINGS

29. Survival was not easy...
The storage of water?
They learnt to make containers that can store water
POTTERY
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THE BEGINNINGS

30. Wild fruits and vegetables Meat
Fish
They had...
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THE BEGINNINGS

31. There were a lot of problems!
It’s difficult to find wild fruits and vegetables during the cold winters
They learnt to farm the land They learnt to make containers
that can store food
BASKETS
POTTERY
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THE BEGINNINGS

32. Hunting was also not easy…
Animals are stronger, bigger and faster than men
They learnt to shape stones into tools or weapons
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THE BEGINNINGS

33. Could they hunt and fish always?
No, it’s difficult to find animals during the cold winter
They learnt to take care of animals
Difficulties to hunt and fish during the cold winter
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THE BEGINNINGS

34. The vegetables soup is boiling
Baking bread
COOKING FOOD: Humans learnt how to use fire to cook, so
their diet became healthy and tasty
Roasting some meat
THE USES OF FIRE
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THE BEGINNINGS

35. Cave is not a nice place to live
They built huts They lived in settlements
In Neolithic people learnt to farm the land and take care of animals
In Neolithic people became SEDENTARY
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THE BEGINNINGS

36. • World population grew.
• People began to grow more
food than they would need –
allowed people to do things
other than farming.
• Trade increased.
• Establishment of
Towns/Cities.
• Cities become centers of
trade, politics and culture.
• Men became superior.
• Formalized religion:
Ceremonies, rituals, and
worship Built large temples
Changes in society..
• Based on occupations,
wealth, and influence
– rulers, priests, and
nobles
– merchants and artisans
– farmers and unskilled
workers – majority
– slaves
Social classes .. Organized Government
• Projects need
planning-decision
making.
• Created laws.
• Established systems of
justice.
• Supervised food
production and
building projects.
• Gathered taxes.
• Organized defense.
THE BEGINNINGS
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37. Why to study History and Theory of Architecture (1)
To locate our self , that we are not individual, we are connected to the
entire world.
Experience from the past , largely influence today's decision.
We get to know that each era since the beginning of time formed its
own unique style ..
Every action is sequel to another , so without studying past we cant
move further..
Thus we need to study about our past and to
know how change has happens through time
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38. Thank you 
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