history of contemporary architecture - 02.1 Eclecticism الشكر للدكتورة مجد الحمود

1. Neo Classicism, Local Revivals, Emergence of Bourgeois
Eclecticism
Arch. Dania Abdel-Aziz 1
University of Jordan
Second Semester
Year 2016/2017

2. Neo Classicism, Local Revivals, Emergence of Bourgeois.
2. Local Revivalism
Eclecticism, an era of stylistic revivals
• The 19th century was a time of enthusiastic and bewildering stylistic confusion.
• Many elements and styles were picked up and enthusiastically exported to the new
world to enrich and inflate the American Vernacular of skyscraper.
• Improved communications, rocketing wealth and national confidence heaped the
culture and produce of the industrial worl at everybody’s feet.
• Styles were chosen, not just for fashion but for their associative qualities.
• Historic styles were easily recognizable, understandable and spectacular. Roman for
justice, Gothic for Learning, Greek for Government, Venetian for Commerce, Oriental
for Leisure and Hanseatic for housing. Every building told a story and pointed a moral.
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Arch. Dania Abdel-Aziz

3. Neo Classicism, Local Revivals, Emergence of Bourgeois.
2. Local Revivalism
The master architect in England of
this period was Norman Shaw
(1331-1912), whose virtuosity
and skill in handling the richer
surfaces and liverier skylines
demanded by the confident and
rich was unrivalled.
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Arch. Dania Abdel-Aziz

4. Neo Classicism, Local Revivals, Emergence of Bourgeois.
2. Local Revivalism
The “Japonism” of the Aesthetic Movement, the Arts and Crafts movement, the preaching
of William Morris against opulence and the tyranny of machine (to lead, ironically to
its 20th century idealization), the stirring of Art Nouveau and the folksy aspirations of
the garden city movement can now be seen to have been the ancestors of modern
architecture, but in 1900 there was little sign of any crisis of conscience to be seen on
the flushed, confident, prosperous face that European architecture presented to the
world.
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Arch. Dania Abdel-Aziz

5. Neo Classicism, Local Revivals, Emergence of Bourgeois.
2. Local Revivalism
The Rijks museum, built between 1877 and 1885, is one of the most prominent 19th century buildings
in Amsterdam. It was built to the competition winning design of P. J. H. Cujipers, who until then
was better known for his ecclesiastical architecture. The two main entrances (1) are in the bulky
twin towers, which flank a central arcaded court (2). Iron and glass roofs cover the exhibition
courts (3), which are bounded at each end of the building by side pavilions (4).
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Arch. Dania Abdel-Aziz