Plk4 Cycle

Plk4 Cycle
new cycle starts after mitosis when two centrosomes separate into two daughter cells. The formation
of a procentriole is initiated by the stalk and cartwheel assembling from the side of the mother
centriole. During the initiation, PLK4 accumulates at the bottom of mother centriole, in conjunction
with CEP152 and CEP192, which form rings around the circumference of the centriole. Next, PLK4
promotes the assembly of a stalk and nine–fold symmetric cartwheel that will platform the
procentriole and engage it to the mother centriole (Kim et al., 2013; Sonnen et al., 2013). Also,
SASS6, a structural component of the cartwheel, as well as its binding partner STIL, is recruited to
the site of procentriole formation by PLK4 (Arquint and Nigg, 2014; ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
Cells in G1 phase have only one centrosome containing two loosely linked centrioles. At the end of
G1 phase, the two centrioles each grow a new end of pro–centriole at the proximal end, which is
called centriole initiation. During S phase, while cell duplicate its chromosomes, it also duplicate its
centrosome by elongating the procentrioles. At the beginning of the elongation process, nine tubules,
as the first one of the microtubule triplets, are nucleated by the γ–tubulin ring complex, in
association with the cartwheel. These tubules grow only in one direction on the centriole, which is
from the proximal to the distal end. The first tubules remain capped by the γ– tubulin ring complex
throughout the elongation process. The other two tubules of the microtubule triplet next form
through a γ– tubulin ring complex independent mechanism and grow to the same length of the first
tubule. Eventually, the distal end of the novel centriole is assembled by elongated first and second
tubules, appearing a structurally distinct distal domain, suggesting that the procentrioles get
... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...

Hydrologic Cycle Of The Hydrological Cycle
In this assignment, I shall be examining the hydrological cycle and I shall be answering the
following questions provided in the D2L. I will be showing my understanding/knowledge, thinking
and communication.
Define:
¬ Condensation: The process where water vapor or in other words (gas) transitions into water
droplets (a liquid). This is when we begin to see clouds form.
¬ Evaporation: The change of the state from water to water vapor, an estimated average 47 inches is
evaporated into the atmosphere from the ocean each year.
¬ Sublimation: It is the process where ice and snow change into water vapor. They are able to do
that without moving through the liquid phase
¬ Evamp – transpiration: The cumulative loss by evaporation and transpiration.
To begin with, the hydrologic cycle doesn't have an area where the sequences commence. Therefore,
it will begin in the ocean since that's where the most of the earth's water exists. The energy from the
sun heats the ocean water, causing it to evaporate. Condensation, the water vaporizes into water
vapor. Subsequently, the vapor ascends into the atmosphere condensation is crucial to the hydrologic
cycle because it is in charge of forming the clouds. Sublimation is the process where ice directly
converts into water vapor without converting into liquid. Furthermore, it has a slower process than
evaporation. Precipitation, clouds begin to form and it begins to precipitate due to either wind or
temperature change. Transpiration,

Why Is The Sulfur Cycle Important
Throughout this class, I have learned about the multiple material cycles. These cycle methods are
utilized within the ecosystem to cycle and recycle the essential chemical elements between the
living and nonliving components of the environment. These natural cycles include the following
chemical elements, water, nitrogen, carbon, sulfur, phosphorus, and oxygen. These elements are
essential to all living things, and each one of these elements has its own individual cycle.
The cycle I have decided to focus on that humans have disturbed and that I myself impact is the
sulfur cycle. I feel it is important to convey that sulfur is a vital component of numerous biological
molecules; which all play significant roles within the ecosystem including proteins,
various ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The sulfur cycle naturally transpires when minerals and rocks break down due to weathering and
release sulfur into the air, the sulfur then reacts with the oxygen present in the atmosphere to create
the compound sulfate. This sulfate then serves as a type of sulfur that organisms such as plants can
utilize and take in, animals then consume the plants, and this, in turn, formulates many of their
biological molecules. Subsequently, as animals consume one another, they redistribute sulfur
through the food chain. Once they expire and begin to decompose, the sulfur is again released as a
sulfate allowing some of it to return to the soil, allowing it to re–enter the geological part of the
sulfur cycle (The Environmental Literacy Council, 2002).
The most considerable impacts that I personally make on the sulfur cycle occurs on a daily basis, as
I burn fossil fuels to power my car and to cool and heat my home. I also utilize processed metals in
almost everything I do, even at this moment; I am typing this paper on my laptop that has been made
from processed metal extracted from the Earth. In utilizing these

Song Cycles Of Schumann
I have chosen these two cycles to analyse because they represent the two side of one story, the
masculine and feminine points of views of love.
These two song cycles were composed shortly after one another. Frauenliebe und Leben was
described by Gerhard Kaiser as: Her daughters of citizenry could find their womanly role in life
sketched out for them, from first love, through wedding, motherhood and widowhood, to old age
and death. Like Gretchen's song at the spinning wheel, these poems too involve role play. They
portray a man's wishful image of women, prescribing to the point of embarrassment her path to
exemplary status through subjugation to man. She finds fulfilment in self–sacrificing service to him
and in glorifying him. (Muxfeldt, p.28)
Some points to conceder when performing Schumann's setting of Chamisso's texts are addressed in
an article by Ruth Solie. She summarizes the text of each of the eight movements as:
She has seen him ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
In the first song the text is reminiscent of earlier days in May, and the protagonist declares his love
for a particular woman. Schumann's ambiguous key structure gives the listener a feel that the piece
never settles. Aus meinen Träuen spiressen the protagonist continues to profess his love and shows a
little frustration in the phrase und meine Seufzwer warden ein Nachtigallenchor (And my sighs will
be a nightingale choir). Schumann's tonality begins to stabilize during this movement, provided by a
simple chordal accompaniment allowing the vocal line to show and express the feelings of the text.
The third movement relates the woman figure to beautiful images in nature such as the rose, the lily,
the dove and the sun and finally professes that she is the one. The first three movements of this cycle
set the initial tone and illustrate the protagonist's love for this

Calvin Cycle Synthesis
The atoms of carbon inside of your body were once a part of carbon dioxide molecules in the air
(The Calvin Cycle, n.d.). Therefore, carbon atoms ending up inside of a person and in other various
life forms is a result of the second stage of photosynthesis known as the Calvin cycle (Daempfle,
2016). In order to trace the flow of carbon within the process of photosynthesis, one must
understand the Calvin cycle. Therefore, the site of the Calvin cycle reactions, or the light–
independent reactions, is where sugar is synthesized (The Calvin Cycle, n.d.). Moreover, these
reactions are not directly driven by light, thus resulting in the reactions being referred to as light–
independent reactions.
Beginning in plants, the carbon dioxide enters ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
First, the carbon fixation stage occurs when a carbon dioxide molecule with five–carbon acceptor
molecules, ribulose–1,5–bisphosphate (RuBP) creates a six–carbon compound (The Calvin Cycle,
n.d.). This compound splits into two molecules of a three–carbon compound, 3–PGA (The Calvin
Cycle, n.d.). Therefore, this reaction is categorized by the enzyme RuBP carboxylase/oxygenase, or
the rubisco (The Calvin Cycle, n.d.).
Next, during the reduction stage, the ATP and NADPH are used to convert the 3–PGA molecules
into molecules of three–carbon sugar. This three–carbon sugar is known as glyceraldehyde–3–
phosphate (G3P). As a result, this stage obtains its name because NADPH donates electrons to
(reduces) a three–carbon intermediate in order to make G3P (The Calvin Cycle, n.d.).
The third step is regeneration. During this step, some G3P molecules go to make glucose, while
others are recycled in order to regenerate the RuBP acceptor (The Calvin Cycle, n.d.). Overall,
regeneration requires ATP. In addition, it involves a complex network of

The Natural Process Of The Water Cycle
Our water is held through various reservoirs on earth, such as oceans, lakes, rivers, etc. and has the
ability to recycle itself. The natural process of the water cycle is also known as the hydrologic cycle,
which is the transference of water and how it shifts from earth into the atmosphere and back. When
the sun heats the surfaces that maintain water, such as the oceans and plant life; it creates
condensation and this forms vapor in the air. This moisture filled air, then rises and forms clouds.
The mix between the water filled clouds and cooler air then forms the rain, ultimately recycling
water back to earth.
Carbon is an element that is present in both living and nonliving things. The carbon cycle is the
movement of the carbon between sources such as plants, animals, rocks and water. This movement
occurs when carbon is released into the atmosphere and is stored in those things, living and
nonliving. The recycling process begins when these shifts occur.
Nitrogen is a nutrient found in all living things on earth. It can be in the form of a gas or found in
our soil and water sources. Like nitrogen, phosphorus serves as nourishment found in soil and our
water systems and any residue that may occur from these sources. Both Nitrogen and phosphorus
are reintroduced into the ecosystem through decomposition and transfers back into the earth.
Biodiversity is the disturbance of the environment and this causes an imbalance in the ecosystem.
When we overuse our plant,

Water Cycle Research Paper
People are being put through immense pain everyday just to get to water. They walk for hours and
hours giving up their lives for the sake of water. They carry five gallons for hours so they can
provide water for 4 people, a lot of times its more than 4. They walk thorny bushes with no shoes
while carrying 41 pounds on their back. They don't have an education because all their time goes to
getting water so they cant do anything to stop the cycle. They don't have an education so they can
afford to live in a nicer place that actually has water. They cant get an education because then they
wont be able to get water. The water they drink from the river is also polluted with harsh chemicals.
Thankfully their is organizations to help with this cause. They include water for people, h2o for life,
and water.org.
These pollutions don't just affect that one area they affect the whole water cycle. The water cycle
consists of condensation, evaporation, precipitation, surface runoff, and accumulation. When the
water comes down from the clouds in the from of precipitation you get surface runoff and it
accumulates in the ocean or river. Now you add a pollution to ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
The names of the countries are on the left and the different categories are on the top. The country
that has the shortest life expectancy is Kenya. Their life expectancy is 53 years. That is 30 years less
than the Average life expectancy in the united states. It is 40 years less than the average life
expectancy in South Carolina. The country that has to walk the farthest is Africa. They have to walk
3.7 miles just to get to a water source that isn't even clean. It would take them about an hour a day
just to walk there at an average speed. Without shoes it would probably add an extra half hour to
your time. It would take them an hour and a half just to walk there. There and back it would take
them about 4

Macro Economics
Business Cycles
Business Cycles
► The value of real GDP over time shows periodic
fluctuations in its movement
► The business cycle refers to the periodic fluctuations
of economic activity about its long term growth trend
► The Business cycle is the more or less regular pattern
of expansion (recovery) and contraction (recession) in economic activity around the path of trend
growth.
 At cyclical peak, economic activity is high relative to trend  At a cyclical trough, the low point
in economic activity is reached.
The business cycle
Potential output
Real GDP
3
3
2
2
4
41
1
O fig Time
Trend output

4
Actual output
4
Business Cycles
► The trend path of output is the smooth path of ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
ers
Interest Rate Spread
Delivery Times
Stock Prices
New Building Permits
Average Work Week
Unemployment Claims
Indicators of Business Cycle
Co–incident Indicators
Payroll employment
Personal income
Manufacturing and trade sales
Industrial production
Indicators of Business Cycle
Lagging Indicators
Unemployment
duration
Inventories to sales ratio
Inflation rate for services
Outstanding commercial loans
Consumer credit to personal income ratio
Prime interest rate
Need for Macroeconomic Stability
►

Large fluctuations in output, employment and inflation add to uncertainty for businesses and
consumers, and can reduce the economy 's long–term growth potential
►
Stability allows businesses, individuals and the government to plan more effectively for the long
term, improving the quality and quantity of investment in physical and human capital and helping to
raise productivity Stabilization Policies

Stabilization Policies: Actions taken to impact aggregate demand to moderate the expansion and
contraction phases of the business cycles

Stabilization policies are fiscal and monetary policies used to combat the cyclical movements
Purpose:

During an economic expansion moderate the growth rate of aggregate spending (equitable
distribution)

During an economic contraction (recession) increase the aggregate spending
Stabilization Policies

Monetary Policy:
Aims to

The Importance Of The Water Cycle
Introduction.
The movement of massive amounts of carbon, nitrogen, water, sulfur, phosphorus, and other
elements between living organisms and the non–living environment (atmosphere, biomass, and
aquatic systems) through a series of production and decomposition processes is known as
biogeochemical cycles, given that geology and chemistry are also involved in these processes
(Doršner, 2015). Matter is limited in the biosphere so that its recycling is a key issue in the
preservation of life in Earth; otherwise, nutrients would run out and life would disappear.
Select one of material cycles we studied: Water Cycle The water cycle describes the presence and
movement of water in and on Earth. Water on earth is always moving and constantly changing
states, from liquid, to vapor, to ice, and vice versa. The water cycle has been happening for billions
of years, and life on Earth depend on it; Earth would be a forbidding place if water cycle would not
take place. According to Science Learning Hub (2009), humanity previously regarded water as a
commodity but at present there is more awareness as to the impact humans have on water. The
Credit Valley Conservation site mentions two ways in which humans affect the water cycle: by
withdrawals and by discharges. According to the National Aeronautics and Space Administration
(1997), "large–scale human manipulation of water has significantly altered global patterns of
streamflow. Resulting changes in sea level, ocean salinity, and in

The Importance Of The Water Cycle
The water cycle is one of the material cycles that forms part of our Environmental Sciences course. I
have chosen the water cycle because I believe that it is one of the most impactful cycles we humans
are able to quickly and easily influence in a positive manner. These impacts, along with potential
changes and sacrifices will be examined in this essay. Finally, a summation of difficult personal
choices versus positive environmental impacts will also be examined. A conclusion of the feasibility
of the entire plan will be given at the conclusion.
Water, and the water cycle, is the most essential material that life requires here on Earth (Doršner,,
2015). The percentage of water that makes up human existence is staggering, easily justifying the
need to have enough fresh water on hand to sustain our population. Given that, 85% of our brains
are made of water, and that approximately 75% of our entire body is also made of water, it is clear to
me that water is critical to our existence. Some of the most considerable impacts that I made to the
water, or hydrological, cycle are through wastage. As a resident of a developed nation, I have fresh
water at my fingertips, both at my office and in my home. It is extremely easy for me to gain access
to fresh water without worry for quality or quantity. Nevertheless, this means that I am able to waste
much of the water that residences in developing nations could travel miles and miles to collect.
Urbanization has also greatly

Cell Life Cycle Essay
Healthy cells within living organisms are constantly undergoing a process that is marked by change
called the life cycle of the cell. While every species is different, all cells within them follow close to
the same pattern of life and division. As listed in the table above, the steps of the cell life cycle are
marked by 1. The first growth phase, 2. A developmental checkpoint, 3. The synthesis of genetic
information, 4. A second growth phase, 5. Another developmental checkpoint, and 6. Mitosis, or
division into two new cells. The first growth phase is pretty self–explanatory: the cell is just
beginning its life and must have time and nourishment to develop its organelles. It is twice the
length of the G2 phase and will continue until chemical receptors within the cell clear it through step
2, which is the checkpoint. This checkpoint is carried out by the cell's chemical receptors and is a
way for the cell to check its surface area and compare that to its volume. If the ratio is where it is
supposed to be (these values vary for each cell type and each organism), then the cell will move on
to step 3: Synthesis. Step 3 is when a cell will begin to replicate its genetic information, or
chromatids. These chromatids are bound together by a protein called a centromere and are
collectively known as a chromosome. After the synthesis of genetic information takes place, the cell
moves on to stage 4: G2. This phase is where the cell begins to replicate its organelles so that the
newly

Business Cycle Essay
In everyday society, companies are affected by the economy. The company either suffers or benefits
depending on what kind of economy it is. This will depend on what kind of company it is, and what
kind of market the business does well in. The Business Cycle is what determines this factor. It is a
term used in economics to designate changes in the economy.
Timing of the business cycle is not predictable, but its phases seem to be. Many economists site four
phases–prosperity, liquidation, depression, and recovery. During a period of prosperity, a rise in
production leads to increases in employment, wages, and profits. Obstacles then begin to obstruct
further expansion. Production costs can increase, helping create a rise in prices, and ... Show more
content on Helpwriting.net ...
Peapod, is an Internet grocer that provides online grocery shopping to various cities across the
country. In an economy where unemployment is rapidly decreasing , anything that can allow people
to get things done easily and swiftly are greatly appreciated. Since Americans work more hours than
any other country in this world, Peapod can only benefit from everybody's inability to not stop
working. Nobody has enough time to do the little things, like get gas, go grocery shopping, etc....
Society is also willing to pay the extra bucks to have the groceries hand delivered to their doors
because grocery shopping is a hassle and its annoying. No one likes doing it but it is something you
have to do, might as well have someone else do it for you. Peapod is a sure thing for the next
millennium.
FannieMae is a company that makes capital by lending money to people who need mortgages and
by borrowing money at low interest rates. FannieMae is able to make money in any kind of
economy. During times of low interest rates they make money on people who bought fixed rate
mortgages at a time of high interest rates. They also have a hard making money during this time
because their marginal percentage is smaller and they make less of a profit. During times of high
interest rates, they lose money on people who bought fixed rate mortgages at low interest rates.
They also make a lot of assets during this time because they borrow from the federal reserve or
banks at lower interest rates and lend

Real Business Cycles Hypothesis Sees Cycles
Introduction
Real Business Cycles hypothesis sees cycles as starting in frictionless splendidly focused economies
with for the most part finish markets subject to genuine stuns (irregular changes in innovation or
efficiency), it makes the contention that cycles are predictable with aggressive general harmony
situations in which all operators are levelheaded maximizers (The Economist). In opposition to what
Keynesian, Monetarist, and new traditional business analysts trusted, RBC scholars, beginning with
Nelson and Plosser in 1982, found that the theory that GDP development takes after an arbitrary
walk can 't be rejected. They contended that a large portion of the adjustments in GDP were
perpetual, and that yield development would not ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Changes in the work supply or livelihood.
RBC models were for the most part fruitful in representing diligence and co–movement, yet less
effective in offering persuading clarifications for changes in occupation (Real Business Cycle
Theory).
The Baxter and King paper, "Fiscal Policy in General Equilibrium" concentrates on four exemplary
financial approach tests inside a quantitatively confined neoclassical model. The creators ' primary
discoveries are as per the following: lasting changes in government buys can prompt short–run and
long–run yield multipliers that surpass one; perpetual changes in government buys instigate bigger
impacts than transitory changes; the financing choice is quantitatively more critical than the asset
expense of changes in government buys; and open venture affects private yield and speculation.
These discoveries stem from critical element collaborations of capital and work truant in prior
harmony investigations of monetary arrangement (Baxter King 1993).
In the event that business cycles are brought about for the most part by changes in efficiency, instead
of by money related and budgetary unsettling influences, what part do financial and monetary
arrangements play? In Satyajit Chatterjee 's article he examines the likelihood that countercyclical
money related and financial arrangements have assumed a vital part in

The And Menstrual Cycle Disturbance
Hirustism and Menstrual Cycle Disturbance Due To Dietary Supplements In Punjab Ayesha Akram,
Amna Shabbir, Anum Naz Government College University Faisalabad
amnashabbir.160@gmail.com Abstract:
The purpose of this study is to check the prevalence of hirsutism and menstrual cycle disturbances
due to diet especially egg, yoghurt, milk and chicken. For this purpose 35 diseased patients and 35
normal patients are studied in different areas of Punjab. All patients are taking dietary products and
are suffering from these problems. The feed used in poultry may be reason of these disturbances.
Different steroidal and hormonal injections are used in poultry are causing these problems.
Objectives:
The basic aim of this research is following:
To check the prevalence of hirsutism.
Know about hormones that are mainly involved in hirsutism.
Know about that causes that leading towards the hirsutism.
Causes that disturb the normal menstrual cycle.
Effect of dairy products on the hirsutism and menstrual cycle.
Keywords: Antibiotics, Hirsutism, Hormones, Menstrual cycle, Roxarsone.
Introduction:
Hirustism is male like characteristics in females i.e. excessive hair growth .It occurs mostly in teen
age girls or adolescent girls more. Hirustism has different severity grades like mild, moderate and
severe. Production of male hormone in female in more quantity causes this disease. Broiler in diet
enhances the risk of this disease

The Heat Cycle
I believe that every pet should be spayed or neutered to prevent the birth of more animals and the
continuing rise of homeless animals in shelters. Your dog is the best dog in the world, right? Sure!
We all think our pets are the best that has ever existed, but in doing so, there are many shelter
animals that are already potty trained, over the puppy chewing stage, and are up to date on routine
vaccinations that will never get a chance at life, all because they were passed up for a cute little
puppy. There are many costs to breeding that are not usually considered by a pet owner that is not a
licensed and experienced breeder. The problem most often presented with delivery is dystocia, or the
inability to pass the young through the birth canal ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Fortunately, it seems that many communities offer a low cost spay and neuter clinic whom also offer
routine vaccinations and microchip services at the time of the surgery. These clinics have helped
thousands of pet owners have their pets responsibly sterilized and have the chance to get them up to
date on their vaccinations. These low–cost clinics offer services that otherwise may not be sought
out due to their excessive cost, all while still employing licensed professionals, and following all of
the standards set by the

Cycle Of Krebs Cycle
The process of cellular oxidation is essentially an energy transformation process; i which the energy
stored in the food molecules am transformed into chemical energy of A (Adenosine triphosphate).
Molecular oxygen is taken into the cell, the food molecules are, oxidized and energy, carbon dioxide
and water are released.The energy that is released durin the oxidation of the food is used to couple
phosphoric acid and ADP (Adenosine diphosphate) to the energy rich ATP. All the three types of
food, such as carbohydrates, proteins and lipids are oxidized inside the cell in essentially the same
manner. The pathways of these three types of molecules converge on a point known as Krebs
cycle.The carbon dioxide produced inside cells diffuses out into blood and finally eliminated
through the respiratory system. From the foregoing discussion, it is clear that ATP is the energy
currency of the cell. However, it should be noted that ATP does not store energy, but rather transfers
it to points in a cell requiring it.It refers to the anaerobic (without oxygen) breakdown of
monosaccharides, especially glucose to two molecules of pyruvic acid (pyruvate) with a
concominant release of a relatively small amount of energy in the form of ATP. The complete
glycolytic pathway was worked out by Gustav Embden, Otto Meyerhoff, Carl Nituberg and Jacob
Parnas in 1940.The glycolytic pathway is also known as Embden–Meyerhoff–Parnas (EMP)
pathway in the honour of its discoverers. In this pathway, glucose

The Four Stages Of The Cell Cycle
The cell cycle has four main stages. The cell cycle is the regular pattern of growth. The four stages
consist of Gap 1 (G1), Synthesis (S), Gap 2 (G2), and Mitosis (M). Gap 1, consists of a cell that
carries its normal functions. Calls also increase in size, and the organelles increase in number. A cell
will spend the most time in this phase. But it also depends on the cell type to see how long it will
spend in this phase. During this phase the cell has to pass a critical checkpoint before it can continue
into the (S) stage, also called the Synthesis stage. It would be dangerous for a cell to keep dividing if
the certain conditions were not met. The cells in this stage also need signals from the other cells to
tell the if division is needed. Now the next stage is the Synthesis stage. During this phase the cell
makes a copy of it's nuclear DNA. By the end of the (S) phase DNA appears grainy in photos and
the cell nucleus contains two complete sets of DNA. Gap 2, is the third stage of the cell cycle. The
cells continue doing there thing and more growth occurs. This phase is like the checkpoint,
everything in the cell has to be going right for the cell to be able to enter mitosis. Mitosis is the
fourth stage of the cell cycle. It includes two phases mitosis and cytokinesis. Mitosis is the division
of the cell's nucleus and all it's contents. Cytokinesis is the process that divides the cell's cytoplasm.
The stages of the cell cycle and the proteins are all alike in all

Adolescence And The Menstrual Cycle
INTRODUCTION The word adolescence is derived from a Latin Word 'adolescere" which means to
"grow into maturity"1. Adolescence is a period of transition from childhood to adulthood and a
period of intense change from age group between 10 to 19 years2. Worldwide there are 1.2 billion
adolescents population in which nearly 90% lives in developing countries3. According to census
2011, India is home for 25,32,35,661 adolescents, who account for almost 20.91 percent of the
country's population2. The word menstruation is derived from Greek word 'menmonth'. It is monthly
vaginal bleeding coming at interval of about 28 days from uterine endometrium. Menstruation is a
major stage of puberty in girls and one of the milestone ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Mean age of menarche varies from population to population and is known to be a sensitive indicator
of various characteristics of population. The normal range of ovulatory cycles is between 21 and 35
days. A woman on an average undergoes 400 menstrual cycle prior to menopause and the average
menstrual cycles last for about 5 days. Duration of menstrual flow normally ranges from two to
seven days [6,7]. During menstruation each individual experiences rapid growth and development,
both physically and psychologically. The main physiological changes that occur are maturation of
reproductive system, development of secondary sexual characteristics.8. Adolescent experience
many problem associated with menstruation delay, painful and heavy menstrual bleeding which is
one of the leading reason for adolescents for school absentee's 31.Menstrual disorder are also
responsible for emotional, physical behavior and dietary practice. In normal menstrual cycle
complaint likes leg pain, back pain, nausea are common which can be treated with antibiotics,
analgesic and hormonal

Different Types Of Cell Cycle
Chapter five primarily covers information about cells, cell division, and the different types of cell
cycles. The cell cycle is a sequence of events that makeup the life of a typical eukaryotic cell, from
the moment of its origin, to the time it divides to produce two daughter cells. Interphase starts off
the cell cycle and it is the longest stage in the cell cycle. Most cells spend 90% or more of their life
span in interphase. Interphase is divided into three main phases–G0, G1, S, and G2 phases. This
portion of the cell cycle takes in nutrients; manufactures proteins and other substances, expands in
size, and conducts special functions which depend on the cell type. The G1 phase is the first phase
in the life of a newborn cell, and is known as the "gap 1" phase. The S phase is the phase that
follows the G1 phase. In this phase, cells that are destined to divide, preparations for cell division
begin during the S phase. The "s" in this phase stands for "synthesis". This phase is responsible for
replication of the cell's DNA, and this is one of the most important responsibilities performed in this
phase. G2 phase occurs after the S phase but before the start of cell division. The G2 phase is known
as the "gap 2" phase. The G1 phase, S phase, and G2 phase, each make up the parts of interphase.
Cell division is the last stage in the life of an individual cell. As cell division begins, the cell
contains twice the amount of DNA because of DNA replication in the S phase. The G0

My Autobiography: Socialization And The Cycle Of Depression
In my autobiography, I went into detail about being biracial, open–minded, and depressed. I did
mention other traits, for instance being Buddhist, low–middle class, and being nineteen years of age.
I just focused more on the first three because I think they all went hand in hand. Being biracial
means I am combination of two different races. I used to hate being mixed and sometimes I still do,
but having this physical trait has helped me be more compassionate towards others who are
different. I always feel out of place when I'm with certain groups of people. Sometimes they'll make
sure to mention that I'm different than the rest of them. I think being biracial has helped me become
open–minded but is also a cause of my depression.
I have learned many things throughout this course. I knew about most of the topics discussed
throughout the class, but I only knew about them to a certain extent. Privilege and oppression were
words I knew of but everyone who talked about it had different definitions of the terms. Now, I do
know that majority of those peoples definitions were wrong.
Everything we've learned throughout this course has been interesting and important to me, but I
realized that I had more interest in the discussions about religious ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
In a few of our readings for the class, we discussed the two cycles. The Cycle of Socialization is the
constant loop of discrimination that's not being resolved. It starts out at birth when the doctor tells
says what gender the baby is (Harro, 2013, pg.46). The Cycle of Liberation happens after you start
to realize things going on around you. The first step of this cycle is becoming more aware of what's
happening (Harro, 2013, pg.619). I think these cycles are very important to understand. We would
have a better society and community if we all could stop the Cycle of Socialization and get into that
Cycle of

The Never Ending Cycle
The Never Ending Cycle
Everyone has heard someone comment on poverty in the United States. Some people say, "the poor
have only themselves to blame for their situation." Or, "why don't they get a job?" This is the
problem with society today; the different levels of the class structure have grown so far apart from
one another they cannot even relate to one another. People look down on the poor as unmotivated
and lazy when, in fact, it is not their fault, but the fault of a society that does not value people of
wage labor. In our society today poverty is a never–ending cycle that feeds off itself, making the rich
richer and the poor poorer. There are three main factors that can be brought up when talking about
the cycle of poverty; ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The problem with poverty is more deeply rooted than just the decision to attend school. Poverty also
is a factor of something the poor have absolutely no control over, the redistribution or dispersion of
money. This is the deciding factor in how the classes are formed. If the government does not
redistribute the wealth evenly throughout the class system, gaps appear. This is exactly what is
happening in today's society. Under the new policies of our president the richest one percent have
taken a 25 percent income tax cut while the poorest 20 percent have taken a 1.2 percent tax cut
(Bush Tax Cut Plan). It is said that the rich will spend their money on goods and services throughout
the economy, essentially "trickling down" or giving the money to the poor through businesses, but it
has not worked to date. From this theory we find that the cycle continues; the rich get richer and the
poor get poorer. So where does all this tax money go; shouldn't it be given back to the poor? In the
poor's eyes, yes it should, but in the rich people's eyes, no it shouldn't and so it does not. Sure, the
government puts some taxes towards welfare, but, in fact, roughly 38 percent of the federal income
goes right to the military cause (War Resisters League). Only about 30 percent of the federal income
is spent on human resources such as welfare and medicare. The money that can

Business Cycle Of Recession Essay
The business cycle of the GDP rising and falling all over again is surely how the economy behaves
and since today we have not been able to explain exactly why and how to stop it. Business cycles
are composed by 4 different periods; expansion, peak, contraction and trough. Every period of
economic growth and prosperity, is usually followed by a recession. The duration of each cycle
varies sometimes 8 years or even 10 but the order is always the same. Recession are very harmful
for the standards of living and economists try at all cause to avoid them (Boyes & Melvin, 2016).
Recession is defined as a period of about six months that economy declines significantly. According
to Amadeo, there are 5 economic indicators that will drop when a recession take place; real GDP, ...
Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Big businesses would try to lower their expenses by stop hiring or even cut the personal, which we
saw previously with unemployment. Furthermore, businesses would cut costs by stop buying new
equipment or eliminate advertisings which eventually would affect big and small companies
involved as well. And that is how the cycle begins. Other problem companies and industries face are
that because of the lousy economy recession carries, costumers might be delayed with their debts to
the company. Consequently, the company pays late their own debts which can result in reducing the
valuation of the corporation's debt and its ability to obtain financing. The companies that cannot pay
their loans may enter in reorganization or get out of business. On the other hand, small businesses
get yet worse than big businesses. Without big cash reserves and capital assets it makes it harder for
these businesses to survive the recession (Davis, 2016). In conclusion, that is how many businesses
get in bankrupt during the recessions. In the chart below is the data about the rate of bankruptcies in
the United

Business Cycle In America
In the United States of America the National Bureau of Economic research determines cycles of
fluctuations in economic activity known as business cycles. According to the NBER, "there have
been 11 business cycles from 1945 to 2009" (Investopedia.com). The average length of a cycle lasts
about 69 months. The average expansion (the economy is growing in real terms) during this period
"has lasted 58.4 months, while the average contraction (the economy is contracting, as measured by
decreasing of industrial production, employment, personal incomes, and sales) has lasted only 11.1
months" (Investopedia.com). The most recent financial crisis in the United States of America is the
Great Recession, which began in December 2007 to June 2009. This recession

How Does A Cycle Affect A Continuous Cycle Of Fluctuations...
The ideology that the world is subjected to a continuous cycle of fluctuations and change originated
in the work of Greek philosophers. Plato, famously explored the context with which cycles occurred
by observing social behaviors, political comportment and even astronomy. The concept of a cycle
has since been used to justify economic changes. However, a problem occurs when labelling
economic activities as a 'cycle', it suggests that there is an obligatory beginning and an end to certain
trends. Implying, to a certain extent, that such movements are predictable and market participants
can forecast the periods of greater investment potential or downfall. A cycle, by definition, is a
sequence of intermittent events which are repeated in the same order. However, if these cycles are
prevalent and some what identifiable, no two cycles could share the same exact characteristics or
length as the other. So how can it be then that the phenomenon of real estate cycles is being used to
forecast potential Booms and Busts in the economy? And does this mean that these proposed 'cycles'
are inherent and thus irremovable within global capitalist economies? Or perhaps are they caused by
random shocks inflicted by market actors? This essay aims to critically discuss the existence real
estate cycles and the extent with which they prevail in a global context. Subsequently, a conclusion
will be drawn on whether or not, such cycles, are predictable and to what extent they can be
forecasted.

Cell Cycle Analysis
Cell cycle regulation and neural precursor population:
The decision of NSCs to either stay in the pool of proliferating, undifferentiated cells or to
differentiate is dictated by extracellular and intracellular factors that are affected by the cell cycle
mechanism.
The cell cycle consists of the G0 phase and the interphase that includes the three sub–phases, G1, S,
and G2, and the M phase (fig. 4). The G0 phase or the quiescent phase is when a cell has exited the
cell cycle and/or undergoes terminal differentiation. Cell division occurs during the relatively brief
M phase, which is followed by the G1 phase. The G1 phase is the main period of cell growth, and it
covers the longest part of the cell cycle. The S phase is when DNA synthetizes. When this phase is
complete, the cell contains double the amount of DNA, which leads to the relatively short G2 phase.
The G2 phase is the ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Two classes of molecules (or families) can bind to CDKs and inhibit their kinase activity (Fig 4).
CDK inhibitors of the Ink4 family, which consist of p16INK4a, p15 INK4b, p18 INK4c and p19
INK4d, can bind with cyclins D/CDKs only, while inhibitors of the Cip/Kip family, which consist of
p21Cip1, p27Kip1, and p57kip2 proteins, can inhibit all cyclin/CDKs complexes (Fig 4) (Schafer,
1998).
These families of inhibitors have been shown to play an important role in regulating neural
precursor population by regulating re–entry and exit of the cell cycle. Downregulation of Cdk6 and
cyclins D1 and D2 decrease NSC proliferation in the adult DG (Lange et al., 2009). In the DG,
downregulation of p21Cip1 and p27Kip1 increases NSC proliferation and simultaneous
differentiation into neurons. Specifically in the SVZ, downregulation of p27Kip1 increases type–C
proliferation and subsequently reduces the number of neuroblasts (Galderisi et al.,

Equine Oestrous Cycle
(Emily and Becca) In the equine oestrous cycle, prostaglandin F2α (PGF2α) is released from the
uterus following stimulation by oxytocin when there is not implantation. PGF2α has a luteolytic
effect, ceasing the release of progesterone and beginning oestrus. When administered exogenously,
PGF2α allows for synchronization of oestrus and shortening the interval to the 2nd postpartum
oestrus and interovulatory period. To synchronize the oestrus cycle, 2 injections of PGF2α can be
administered 14 days apart in mares with normal cycles. It can also be used in "programming
mares," in which artificial lighting and steroids are used in conjunction with PGF2α to synchronize
mares in intensive training programs (Brinsko and Blanchard, 2011). PGF2α can be used for
"appointment ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
This follows the expectation that mares should arrive to the facility in early oestrus (Metcalf and
Thompson, 2010). For shortening of the interval between the foal heat and the 2nd postpartum
oestrus ("short cycling"), PGF2α should be given 5–6 days after ovulation during foal heat (Brinsko
and Blanchard, 2011). According to a study performed by Metcalf and Thompson, there is no
difference in conception rates for mares induced into oestrus by PGF2α and those who enter oestrus
naturally. However, twin rates from pregnancies that result from oestrus brought on by exogenous
PGF2α are significantly higher than those conceived from natural oestrus (Veronesi et al., 2003).
Natural and synthetic prostaglandins both are proven to be effective for these uses, however,
synthetic prostaglandins have fewer side effects (Metcalf and Thompson, 2010). Chloe: There are
some other uses of prostaglandin in the mare. Prostaglandin can be used to induce parturition from
Day 330, as long as pelvic relaxation has occurred. Induction of parturition occurs because
prostaglandin is involved in cervical dilation, rupture of the chorioallantois, contractility of the
myometrium and placental separation (Ousey & Fowden,

The Types Of Biogeochemical Cycles
Once, there lived a fish king name Bob. He was a very kind and he can do anything to save other
Sharks and Dolphins. He had a son name Boo. He loved to jump out of ocean and the best thing was
that he loved to learn about marine ecosystem and biogeochemical cycle. Whenever he jumps he
wonders where did this water came from. Today it was his lucky day. Guess what!!!! Well you will
see in moment.
In school
" Students today we are going to learn about biogeochemical cycles. There are three types of
biogeochemical cycles. Today we are going to learn about only two cycles which are water cycle
and carbon cycle. Do you guys know where does the water come from? You might say it comes
from kitchen sink, bathroom, or river. It is true but do you ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net
...
In carbon cycle, carbon enters the atmosphere as carbon dioxide from respiration and combustion.
Carbon dioxide is absore dby producers to make carbohydrates in phtosysnthesis. These producers
then put off oxygen. Then animals feed on the plants. Thus passing the carbon compounds along the
food chain. Most of the carbon these animal consume however is exhaled as carbon dioxide. This is
through the process of respiration. When the plants and animals die, they ar eaten by decomposers in
the ground. The carbon that was in their bodies is then returned to the atmosphere as carbon dioxide
and the whole cycle will start again."
" Thank you madam" Boo said.
Well you know how the water cycle and carbon cycle works. I hope you do well on your test"
teacher said.
The bell rang and all the students left for home.
At home
" Father, I am so hungry. Please I want some food" Boo told Bob.
" Son, We are going to have some delicious food today. I have got you some tasty fishes to eat." Bob
said.
" Hmmm.... I have question father", Boo Asked
" What question my dear son. Oh if you are going to ask me What I have got you for your Birthday
gift then don't ask me because I am not going to tell you" Bob said.
" Father no I was going to ask you something else." Boo said.
" Oh sorry sorry. Please go on" Bob told Boo.
" Father If we eat the small fishes and other organisms then what do they eat." Boo asked." For
example, sharks like us eat jelly fish , turtle and other stuff.

Water Cycle Effects
The Water Cycle The cause and effects of the water cycle also known as the H2O cycle. Are
extremely significant to the entire world's ecosystem. It is what keeps everything and everyone
alive. In fact, human adult bodies are made up of about fifty–five to sixty–five percent water it. We
can only live without water for 3 to 6 days and that's only if we are not in hot or exerting situations.
I'll start off by explaining what happens in the water cycle and then I'll explain some of the effects of
it. The water cycle is a process, by which water changes from a liquid to a gas or vapor. It starts
from all the water that is on our planet earth. The sun provides energy from its heat, this energy
breaks down the hydrogen bonds that hold water ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
In a severe state of drought, it could even cause hunger, dehydration, malnutrition, wildfires, and
even war.
An intensification of the water cycle could also cause more natural disasters including tropical
storms. This could cause severe damage just as we were damaged a few months ago by the
hurricane
The Water Cycle Harvey, Irma, and Maria. (Establishment Survey, 2017). "Several U.S. states,
Puerto Rico, and the U.S. Virgin Islands suffered heavy damage from three major hurricanes in late
August and September 2017." This caused so much damage many families were left crying and
grieving for their lost ones including parents, married partners, brothers, sisters, and children. They
were left devastated without a homes, jobs, and families. Places like Puerto Rico lost all power
supply and must use gasoline power generators to be able to use electricity. So many resources were
lost and destroyed that they had to receive food and water supply from many other states. Homes
and city streets were left flooded under many feet of water, survivors had to be rescued in boats.
Although there are many negative effects that the water cycle can create in provides more positive
and helpful effects to us all. (Harman, 2016) "Three–quarters of Earth's surface is covered by water.
We are surrounded by it–in oceans, ice sheets, lakes, glaciers, rivers, underground, in living

Menstrual Cycle
CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
1.0 BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY
Menstrual cycle is a process experienced by every female at one point in their life cycle. In the
olden days a young lady experiences her first menstruation in her late teens or early twenties. In
recent times, however, some begin their menstrual cycle as early as nine years. The age at menarche
(the first time a girl or a young woman menstruates) is widely considered as an important landmark
in sexual maturity. However it varies widely between the same people. These variations has been
attributed to a number of possible causes such as; advancement in technology, health care delivery,
weather and climate change, food, daily activities, socio–economic activities, lifestyle and many ...
Despite variability, most normal cycles range from 21 to 45 days, even in the first gynaecologic
year, although short cycles of fewer than 20 days and long cycles of more than 45 days may occur.
Because long cycles most often occur in the first 3 years post menarche, the overall trend is toward
shorter and more regular cycles with increasing age. By the third year after menarche, 60% to 80%
of menstrual cycles are 21 to 34 days long, as is typical of adults. An individual's normal cycle
length is established around the sixth gynaecologic year, at a chronologic age of approximately 19
or 20 years.
Two large studies, one cataloguing 275947 cycles in 2702 females and another reporting on 31645
cycles in 656 females, support the observation that menstrual cycles in girls and adolescents
typically range from 21 to approximately 45 days, even in the first gynaecologic year. In the first
gynaecologic year, the fifth percentile for cycle length is 23 days and the 95th percentile is 90 days.
By the fourth gynaecologic year, fewer females are having cycles that exceed 45 days, but
anovulation (the state of not ovulating because of a medical condition, suppression by drugs or
menopause) is still significant for some, with the 95th percentile for cycle length at 50 days. By the
seventh gynaecologic year, cycles are shorter and less variable, with the fifth percentile for cycle
length at 27 days and the 95th percentile at only 38 days. Thus, during the early years after

Stages of a Business Cycle
STAGES OF A BUSINESS CYCLE
RECESSION A recession–also sometimes referred to as a trough–is a period of reduced economic
activity in which levels of buying, selling, production, and employment typically diminish. This is
the most unwelcome stage of the business cycle for business owners and consumers alike. A
particularly severe recession is known as a depression.
RECOVERY Also known as an upturn, the recovery stage of the business cycle is the point at which
the economy "troughs" out and starts working its way up to better financial footing.
GROWTH Economic growth is in essence a period of sustained expansion. Hallmarks of this part of
the business cycle include increased consumer confidence, which translates into higher levels of ...
MOMENTUM Many economists cite a certain "follow–the–leader" mentality in consumer
spending. In situations where consumer confidence is high and people adopt more free–spending
habits, other customers are deemed to be more likely to increase their spending as well. Conversely,
downturns in spending tend to be imitated as well.
TECHNOLOGICAL INNOVATIONS Technological innovations can have an acute impact on
business cycles. Indeed, technological breakthroughs in communication, transportation,
manufacturing, and other operational areas can have a ripple effect throughout an industry or an
economy. Technological innovations may relate to production and use of a new product or
production of an existing product using a new process. The video imaging and personal computer
industries, for instance, have undergone immense technological innovations in recent years, and the
latter industry in particular has had a pronounced impact on the business operations of countless
organizations. However, technological innovations–and consequent increases in investment–take
place at irregular intervals. Fluctuating investments, due to variations in the pace of technological
innovations, lead to business fluctuations in the economy.
There are many reasons why the pace of technological innovations varies. Major innovations do not
occur every day. Nor do they take place at a constant rate. Chance factors greatly influence the

The Hydrologic Cycle : The Water Cycle
Water Cycle. The continual movement of rainfall from bodies like land, water and the atmosphere
are part of the hydrologic cycle. The water cycle starts with condensation. When the water vapour
condenses in the atmosphere it forms clouds, and when the condensation becomes too heavy formed
and the clouds release the rain. When rainfall reaches the surface into the soil, it becoming
groundwater. The groundwater recharges our aquifers, lakes and rivers. Transpiration is the process
where water is soaked up a plant's roots and it evaporates out the leaves.
Water... For many reasons, water cycle is important to all life on Earth. The water cycle describes
the process of how the water moves through the Earth into human uses and to all living organisms
need water to grow and to survive. The water cycle has no starting point, but ocean is where most of
Earth's water exists. In an ecosystem, water cycles through the atmosphere, oceans, rivers, soil and
lakes.
All life dependent upon water. The water makes up to 60–70 percent of all living organism and
humans cannot live without drinking water for less than a month. The water cycle or hydrologic
cycle distributes a fresh water all over the Earth.
Oxygen Cycle.
Oxygen is everywhere, but it is most basic, it is an element in the form of gas that makes up the
natural formations and Earth's atmosphere. Oxygen is constantly being created and used by different
processes on the Earth. Oxygen cycle is how this element moves between

The Cell Cycle : Chapter Review
The cell cycle
Chapter review
Cell division creates duplicate offspring in unicellular organisms & provides for growth,
development , & repair in multicellular organisms
The cell cycle extends from the creation of a new cell by the division of its parent cell to its own
division into 2 cells
12.1 Cell division results in genetically identical daughter cells
The process of recreating a structure as intricate as a cell necessitates the exact duplication & equal
division of the DNA containing the cell's genetic program
Cellular organization of the genetic material
Genome – A cell's complete complement of DNA
Each diploid eukaryotic species has a characteristic # of chromosomes in each somatic cell;
reproductive cells, or gametes (egg & sperm), have half that # of chromosomes
Each chromosome is a very long DNA molecule with associated proteins that help to structure the
chromosome & control the activity of the genes This DNA–protein complex is chromatin
Distribution of chromosomes during eukaryotic cell division
Prior to cell division, a cell copies its DNA & each chromosome densely coils & shortens
Duplicated chromosomes consists of 2 identical sister chromatids, initially attached by proteins
called cohesins, which hold them together in sister chromatid cohesion
A duplicated chromosome has a centromere where the chromatids are most closely attached
The 2 sister chromatids separate during mitosis (the division of the nucleus), & then the cytoplasm
divides during cytokinesis,

Conceptive Age Experience Cycles
Females of conceptive age experience cycles of hormonal action that rehash at around one–month
interims. With each cycle, a lady's body gets ready for a conceivable pregnancy. The normal
menstrual cycle takes around 28 days and happens in stages: the follicular stage, the ovulatory stage,
and the luteal stage. There are four noteworthy hormones included in the menstrual cycle: follicle–
invigorating hormone, luteinizing hormone, estrogen, and progesterone
The follicular stage begins on the first day of your period. Amid the follicular period of the
menstrual cycle, the accompanying occasions happen: Two hormones, follicle fortifying hormone
(FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH), are discharged from the cerebrum and go in the blood to the
ovaries.

The Poverty Cycle
According to Britannica School, "Poverty is the state of a person who lacks a socially acceptable
amount of money or material possession." Socially acceptable may be described as lacking the
means to satisfy one's basic needs. An average working citizen may not realize what poverty is
really like. As stated in a Youtube interview by Scott Pelley, actually going into poverty and living it
will "open your eyes to an America that you didn't know existed." Additionally, it is often seen that
poverty is a cycle. It passes over the generations because of the difficulties it takes to break free
from it. Poverty can be a cycle that passes from generation to generation, but through two–
generation programs and education, it can be overcome. Often times, ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
In one example, a research report by National Human Services Assembly, called Breaking the Cycle
of Poverty in Young Families, explains what the two–generation approach is and its tactics. The
two–generation approach is an arrangement that helps break the cycle by offering programs that
focus on the development of parents, their children, and the family as a whole. In this report, an
exploratory study of these two–generation programs is explained. It is shown that the programs
work when you re–engage parents in education and work, nurture parent–child bonds, improve
children's well–being, and connect families with economic, social, and other supports. In the
situations where these tactics were used, the results were mostly successful (NHSA1,2). One of the
most important aspects of this program is focusing on the family as a whole, and how everyone in
the family can be helped. In another article, Can Poverty Be Passed Down?, a specific program is
described. This program, called Economic Mobility Pathways (EMPath) works with parents and
children to develop executive functioning skills. These are the skills that help you maintain a stable
economic state. EMPath helps parents and children navigate their way out of poverty. They equip
both generations to do better in schools and get better jobs. One of the techniques the program uses
is setting goals with the whole family after talking about their challenges. When goals are reached,
rewards and incentives are given. The ultimate goal is "to teach economic mobility." As a result,
most parents in the six–month program took steps to become more self–sufficient, and the children
achieved goals like better grades and saving money (Johnston2–6). If more of these programs were
spread throughout the country, poverty could majorly be helped. Whole family poverty situations
could be solved.

Business Cycle Case Study
1. In your own words, explain what the "Business Cycle" is. Business cycle is Gross Domestic
Product (GDP) measure. The cycle is an increase and decrease of monetary value throughout the
entire cycle.
a. Why it is important for a company to try and forecast the Business Cycle? It is important for a
company to try and forecast the Business Cycle to indicate practices beneficial and not beneficial to
the organization with the goal of an upward trend line and minimal increase and decrease to GDP
for steady growth in the Business Cycle.
b. In general, are short–term forecasts more or less accurate than long–term forecasts? Explain.
Short–Term forecasts overall is less accurate than long–term forecasts. Data collected over a
sufficient period create a clearer analysis of three of four ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net
...
Market experiments are based on smaller scales.
2. Market experiments are based on short–term controlled conditions.
3. Market experiments price changes can result in loss of customers ( D.N. Dwivedi).
c. If you were to design a statistical sample in order to estimate a demand curve, would you conduct
a random sample of the general population, a targeted sample, or a randomized–targeted sample?
Explain. If I were to design a statistical sample, I would design a random sample in order to estimate
a demand curve. A random sample is choosing any of the population for survey, which might tell me
what a random person expects to see in a product. Other scenarios might dictate the better approach,
an example is if you wanted to find out what would be the most popular beard dye than you might
consider using a target sample to target the male population.
d. Assume your staff presents you with 2 different regressions of a demand curve for your most
important product. One of the regressions has an R–squared of 0.86 and the other has an R–squared
of 0.61. Assume that both regressions have a t–value for the coefficient of 1.8. Which would you
choose to work with and

Cell Cycle Regulation
1. What are the different restriction points of the cell cycle? Describe each.
G1 (Restriction) Checkpoint * End of G1, just before onset of the S phase (DNA replication) * Yeast
"start"; other eukaryotes "restriction point" * The options for the cell at this point: * divide, delay
division, or exit the cell cycle * Cells can exit the cell cycle at this point into an arrested stage (G0)
* When this checkpoint is passed, cdk4 and cyclin D interact. This interaction results in
phosphorylation of the retinoblastoma protein, which in turn allows activation of the transcription
factor E2F. Active E2F promotes expression of the cyclin E gene. Cyclin E (protein) and cdk 2
interact to ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Therefore, mutations in tumor suppressor genes are recessive at the level of an individual cell. As
we will see, the inactivation of tumor suppressor genes plays a major role in cancer.
3. In a tabulated form, present the different proteins and genes involved in the regulation of the cell
cycle. Include their functions and their classifications as oncogene and tumor–suppressor gene.
Protein/Gene | Function | Classification | Retinoblastoma (RB) protein | * located on chromosome
17p13.1, is the single most common target for genetic alteration in human tumors * tumor
suppression protein that is dysfunctional in many types of cancer. One highly studied function of
pRb is to prevent excessive cell growth by inhibiting cell cycle progression until a cell is ready to
divide. It is also a recruiter of several chromatin remodelling enzymes such as methylases and
acetylases. | Tumor Suppressor Gene | Cdk inhibitors | * drives the cell cycle by unregulated
activation of cyclins and CDKs | Tumor Suppressor Gene | P16 | * is a common target of deletion or
mutational inactivation in human tumors * an inhibitor of Cdk4–cyclin D complexes; * The loss of
p16 leads to increased Cdk4–cyclin D activity | Tumor Suppressor Gene | P53 | * located on
chromosome 17p13.1, is the single most common target for genetic alteration in human tumors |
Tumor Suppressor Gene | BRCA1 and BRCA2 | * located on

Business Cycle
ASSIGNMENT 1
Introduction
In macroeconomics, business cycle played an important role to show what a national economy is
going; therefore, this essay will define what business cycle is and its characteristics. Besides, all of
variables such as Real Gross Domestic Product (RGDP), inflation and unemployment rate and their
behaviour in the business cycle will be also demonstrated in the second part. The final part of this
essay will analyse and compare the situation of Australian economy and USA economy in period of
10 years since 1998 based on the concept of "the business cycle". In addition, this is the writer's
opinion about the business cycle relied on these above data about exhibit Australian and USA
economy performance.
WHAT IS ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
3. Unemployment:
_The economic problem happened when people who have abilities to work but they cannot find the
job
_It caused by:
+The nature of changes in the structure of the economy (structural unemployment includes seasonal
unemployment)
+ People leave a job to find a new one (frictional unemployment)
+The level of demand in the economy is not sufficient to sustain full employment (cyclical
unemployment) (Hansen, 2008).
Australian Economy VS USA Economy
Differently, a fiscal or financial year of each country is not the same. Normally, the financial year in
Australia starts at 1 July of precious year and finish at 30 June of next year. In contrast, the financial
year in US starts at 1 November of precious year and finish at 30 September of next year. Therefore,
the statistics of Australia and US was gathered at the end of financial year of each year since 1999.

The Four Stages Of The Cell Cycle
Cell cycle is the order of events that takes place in a cell in groundwork for cell division. The cell
cycle is a process of four stages. In each of the stage in which the cell increases in size (G1), copies
its DNA(S), prepares to divide (G2), and divides(Mitosis). Mitosis itself have four stages. First is
prophase, in which chromosomes are condensed, homologous chromosomes are paired together, and
the spindle apparatus made of microtubules forms. Second is metaphase, in which the paired
chromosomes are lined up across the center of the cell on the metaphase plate. Third is anaphase, in
which the homologous chromosomes are pulled to separate poles in the dividing cell by the attached
spindle apparatus. Fourth one is the telophase, in which the daughter cell chromosomes are collected
together at the poles. These stages make up interphase, which credits for the distance among cell
divisions. In other words, cell cycle is the process in which parent cell divides and produces new
cells, called daughter cells. The main concern of cell division is the maintenance of the original
cell's Genome (genes).
In animal cells Mitosis is the process of division that takes place in animal cells. In this process,
each mother cell divides into 2 daughter cells. "The number of chromosomes in the mother cell is
identical to that in each resulting daughter cell. Therefore, sometimes mitosis is called an" Identical
Reproduction of Cells". Prophase is the first stage in animal cycle. In this

Mexico Business Cycle
Mexico's Business Cycle
The term business cycle or economic cycle refers to the fluctuations of economic activity around its
long–term growth trend. It involves shifts over time between periods of relatively rapid growth of
output–recovery and prosperity, and periods of relative stagnation or decline– contraction or
recession. These fluctuations are often measured using real gdp.
Despite being termed cycles, these fluctuations in economic growth and decline do not follow a
purely mechanical or predictable periodic pattern. In recent years economic theory has moved
towards the study of economic fluctuation rather than a 'business cycle '. Some economists believe
calling the business cycle a "cycle" to be a misnomer, because of ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
Since the nature of the financing flows to Mexico were short–run, the vulnerability of the economy
increased due to these adverse shocks, resulting in capital outflows and a collapse of the exchange
rate and output. 1995–99 saw a recovery of the economy after the implementation of an IMF
supported adjustment program including support schemes for the banking industry, a floating
exchange rate, the tightening of monetary policy, fiscal consolidation and restrained income
policies. This resulted in an improvement of the economic situation and real gdp grew at about 5%
per year.
Examining of the occurrences in these periods can assist in identifying possible sources of Mexican
business cycles. They include– Pol*i*tical cycles– Short term rule by autocratic governments,
without reelection possibility, neglect long run benefits of public goods and confiscate assets that
generate long term flows of resources The mayke distorted policy decisions and reduce bothe
quality and quantity of public goods. Investors and consumers delay private decisions and economic
activity declines as uncertainity in the economy increases proportionally to the end of the
presidential term. In the context of autocratic govts, financial crisis is endogenous to the political
cycle.
Exchange rate

Plk4 Cycle

Recommended

Recommended

More Related Content

Similar to Plk4 Cycle

Similar to Plk4 Cycle (14)

More from Cindy Wooten

More from Cindy Wooten (20)

Recently uploaded

Recently uploaded (20)

Plk4 Cycle