This document provides descriptions of the major body systems and their functions, including the circulatory, digestive, endocrine, urinary, integumentary, muscular, nervous, reproductive, respiratory, and skeletal systems. It also describes key organs within each system, such as the heart, lungs, brain, skin, kidneys, stomach, and more. The systems and organs work together to carry out essential life functions and maintain homeostasis in the human body.

1. Body Systems
Circulatory System
Digestive System
Endocrine System
Urinary System
Integumentary System
Muscular System
Nervous System
Reproductive System
Respiratory System
Skeletal System
Transportation network that carries gases, nutrients, hormones,
and wastes from one part of the body to another
Ingests and digests (breaks down) food, absorbs food's nutrients
into the blood, eliminates undigested and unabsorbed food from
the body
Collection of glands, each of which secretes different types of
hormones that regulate metabolism, growth and development,
tissue function, sexual function, reproduction, sleep, mood, etc.
Excretes (gets rid of) metabolic wastes; removes substances
present in excess from the blood
Covers and protects the body
Allows the body to move; pumps blood; helps move internal
materials (like waste in intestines)
Sends, receives, and processes electrical impulses (messages)
from external and internal environment; controls activities of all
the other systems along with the endocrine system
Enables the production of offspring through sexual reproduction,
which provides for continuation of the species
Brings oxygen into the body and releases carbon dioxide into the
atmosphere.
Supports, protects, and gives shape to the body with its strong
framework

2. Organs
Bladder
Blood Vessels
Bones
Brain
Diaphragm
Esophagus
Fallopian Tubes
Glands
Heart
Kidneys
Large Intestine
Liver
Lungs
Mouth
Muscles
Nose
Organ that collects the urine which comes from the kidneys
through the ureters.
Small tubes that transport blood throughout the body; arteries
transport blood away from the heart, veins transport blood back
to heart, and capillaries transport blood from arteries to veins.
Provide support and protection for internal organs and leverage
for muscle movement. Bones store minerals and some even
manufacture blood cells.
Receives information through the senses from inside and outside
the body, analyzes the information, then sends messages to the
body (via the spinal cord) to control the body's functions and
actions.
A sheet of muscle that extends across the bottom of the rib cage;
when diaphragm contracts the chest volume gets larger and the
lungs take in air; when the diaphragm relaxes, the chest volume
gets smaller and air is pushed out of the lung
Muscular tube that connects the pharynx (throat) to the stomach.
Two very fine tubes leading from the ovaries into the uterus
Secretes particular chemical substances for use in the body or for
discharge into the surroundings; there are 8 major glands.
A hollow, muscular organ that circulates blood throughout the
body by pumping it into blood vessels with forceful, rhythmic
contractions.
Filters/cleans the blood; gets rid of waste products and excess
water/salt in the form of urine. We have 2 kidneys.
Wide tube in which water is extracted from liquid bodily waste
to form feces; connects the small intestine with the rectum.
Secrets bile into small intestine to digest fat; processes nutrients
absorbed from the small intestine.
Two spongy, saclike respiratory organs occupying the chest
cavity, one on each side of the heart; responsible for putting
oxygen into blood and taking carbon dioxide out of blood.
Prepares food for digestion by releasing saliva and digestive
enzymes to help break down food and by chewing food into
smaller pieces before it travels down the esophagus.
Fibers capable of contracting to create body movement. There
are three types of muscles-cardiac (in heart), skeletal (attached to
bone), and smooth (involuntary muscles found within walls of
some organs)
Air is drawn in via the nostrils, where it's warmed and
humidified. Tiny hairs called cilia protect the nasal passageways
and other parts of the respiratory tract, filtering out dust and
other particles that enter the nose through the inhaled air.

3. Ovaries
Pancreas
Skin
Small Intestine
Spinal Cord
Stomach
Scrotum
Testes
Trachea
Ureter
The ovaries house the eggs that travel through the fallopian
tubes; once the egg has left the ovary it can be fertilized and
implant itself in the lining of the uterus.
Secretes digestive enzymes into the small intestine to break
down protein, fats, and carbohydrates and makes insulin to
breakdown sugar.
The largest and most visible organ; protects inside organs and
maintains body temperature. Nails, hair, and sweat & oil glands
are extensions of this organ.
Narrow tube in which further digestion and absorption takes
place; starts at the stomach and ends at the large intestine.
Thick, whitish cord of nerve tissue that extends from the medulla
oblongata (brain stem) down through the spinal column;
electrical impulses (messages) are sent to and from the brain via
the spinal cord.
A sac-like organ with thick muscular walls. The muscles contract
and relax which moves the food around and helps break it into
smaller pieces. Food in the stomach is further broken down with
the help of digestive enzymes and chemicals.
The external sac of skin enclosing the testes.
Two egg-shaped male reproductive organs located in the
scrotum. They produce sperm and the male hormone,
testosterone.
A long tube that leads down to the chest where it divides into the
right and left bronchi in the lungs; also called the windpipe.
Tube that brings urine from the kidneys to the urinary bladder.
We have 2 ureters.
Urethra
Tube through which urine leaves the body.
Uterus
The uterus is a hollow muscular organ located in the female
pelvis between the bladder and rectum; the main function of the
uterus is to nourish a developing fetus prior to birth.