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1. PHYSICAL PLANT AND FACILITIES
DEVELOPMENT PROGRAM
Cheryl M. Asia, MAED
Teacher III

2. TOPICS:
Educational Facilities for Basic Education
A. Educational Facilities Defined
B. Components of Physical Plant and Facilities
C. Basic Principles of Educational Facilities
D. School Mapping
School Sites
A. Standard Requirements/Minimum Standard Requirements for
School Sites
B. Modes of Acquisition of School Site
School Plant Planning
A. Types of School Buildings
B. Minimum Standards for Instructional & Administrative Spaces
School Maintenance

3. School Furniture, Equipment and other Facilities
School Seats, tables, Storage Display, School Equipment,
Instructional devices, Facilities and Meeting Standards for School Facilities
Educational Facilities Management

4. Physical Plant (or known as physical facilities) for
education comprises lands, buildings and furniture. It
includes physical facilities in teaching spaces and
ancillary rooms. The school facilities consist of all types
of buildings for academic and non-academic activities,
equipment for academic and non- academic activities,
areas for sports and games, landscape, farms and
gardens including trees, roads and paths.

5. Components of Physical Plant and Facilities
1. The primary function of educational facilities is to
provide the proper school environment that is most
conducive to effective teaching and learning.
2. Functional and effective educational facilities are
developed, operated and managed on the basis of a
comprehensive plan of action of the school, prepared
by all stakeholders in education in the community.

6. Basic Principles on Physical Plant and Facilities
1. The primary function of educational facilities is to provide
the proper school environment that is most conducive to
effective teaching and learning.
2. Functional and effective educational facilities are
developed, operated and managed on the basis of a
comprehensive plan of action of the school, prepared by all
stakeholders in education in the community.
3. It shall include sound educational facility planning and
design process principles to:
a) maximize collaboration in school planning design,
b) build a proactive facility management program, and
c) plan schools as neighborhood-scaled community
learning centers .

7. Location
It should be located in a wholesome
environment, safe from traffic and transportation
hazards, sufficiently free from noise, dust, smoke, and
other undesirable elements. It also should be provided
with adequate facilities for drainage and sewage
disposal. It should be adequate to meet the needs of
the present school population and its future expansion.
The school should be accessible to present and
anticipated school population by means of public
transportation or school bus. It should have satisfactory
road network and sidewalks.

8. Campus
It should be so planned that it would adequate
for the intellectual, social, physical and cultural
interests of the Institution. It should be kept in good
condition and physical appearance.
Medical and Dental Clinic
A medical and dental clinic should be properly
set up, strategically, well-ventilated and lighted,
screened and provided with clean water supply. It
should be provided with basic equipment, medical
supplies , beds, cabinets and linens

9. Classrooms
The size and number of classrooms should be sufficient
to accommodate the student population. Classrooms should
be adequately equipped with the required furniture,
blackboards, and should have a pleasant atmosphere.
Lighting, ventilation, general appearance, and acoustics
should be satisfactory.
Offices, Staff and Function Rooms
Adequate provisions should be made for
administrative offices, faculty rooms, and reception areas,
where needed.

10. Student Center
A student Center is available where students can
make wholesome interaction and listen to good music,
play table games, watch TV programs, etc.
Food Services Unit or Canteen
Clean and sanitary food services unit/canteen
must be set-up and managed effectively. It should
serve balanced yet affordable meals and snacks to the
school community .

11. Minimum Standard Requirements for School Sites
Minimum Standards listed hereunder apply only to buildings
and the sites for elementary and secondary schools.
1. School facilities must be planed for the instructional
program.
2. School facilities must also be planned for flexibility to
anticipate educational as well as social change.
3. An equally important principle is that the school involves
people.
4. The scarcity of resources relative to wants and needs
makes it imperative that the only spaces for which validated
functions can be specified be planned into school facilities.

12. Elementary School Sites
Standard Requirements Site
The size of the site must meet the requirements of enrolment and kind
of school as well as the recreational needs of the pupils.
1. One half hectare (1/2 Ha) for barrio school, which has only 1 or 2
classes and no grade above Grade IV.
2. One hectare (1 Ha.) for a central school, which has six classes, or for
non-Central school, which has three or 4 classes.
3 Two hectares (2Ha.) for schools, which have seven or nine classes
. 4. Three hectares (3 Ha.) for schools, which have from 10 or 12
classes
5. Four hectares (4 Ha.) for schools, which have more the 12 classes.

13. Modes of Acquisition of School Sites
1. By purchase- Purchase The parties involved are the
seller called vendor and the buyer called vendee. donation The
parties involved are the donor who is the giver and the donee or
the receiver of the benefits or beneficiary.
2. By donation – Simple Donation is one whereby a
person disposes gratuitously of a piece of land in favor of the
municipality, city, province or the Republic f Philippines.
Conditional Donation – is one, which imposes a condition such
as “that the land should be devoted only for education
purposes”.
Inter vivos donation—takes effect during the lifetime of the
donor. When the donation takes effect only after the donor’s
death, it is referred to as mortis causa.
Expropriation– Land desired for school purposes maybe
acquired through condemnation proceedings or expropriation

14. Modes of Acquisition of School Sites
3. By appropriation
4. By barter or exchange
5. By Presidential Proclamation
6. By gratuitous conveyance

15. School Plant Planning
1. Define the educational objectives and the programs and
activities which will be implemented in order to achieve those
objectives
. 2. Involvement in the planning of the new facility, the
support of the people from within and outside the school
must by all means be solicited.
Elementary School Sites Standard Requirements
Site– the size of the site must meet the requirements of
enrolment and kind of school as well as the recreational
needs of the pupils.
1. One half hectare (1/2 Ha) for barrio school, which has only
1 or 2 classes and no grade above Grade IV.
2. One hectare (1 Ha.) for a central school, which has six
classes, or for non-Central school, which has three or 4
classes.

16. Buildings
The buildings should be functionally designed and
constructed of strong and durable materials to withstand
earthquakes, typhoons, and fire. Their design should be
pleasing to the eye and in conformity with the surroundings,
and at the same time, imbued with proper atmosphere
conducive to learning. They should be satisfactorily planned
so as to meet the future expansion needs. There should be
well planned entrance and exit points to insure safe and
convenient mobility of the school population. Stairways and
fire exits should be adequate and standard in size and number
and conveniently located. There should be no obstruction in
corridors that would impede the free flow of movement.

17. However, for special case, where there is difficulty in
meeting above standards, the following may be
allowed. A. For Rural Areas ½ hectare fro central
school, which has six classes, fro non-central school,
which has 3-4 classes. 1 ½ hectares for schools which
have 7-10 classes. 2 hectares for schools which have
been 10 classes. B. For Urban Areas ½ hectare for 6-10
classes. ¾ of a hectare for 11-20 classes. 1 hectare for
20 or more classes.

18. Space
1. Instructional Space
A .Academic Classrooms
Elementary
Secondary
B. Science Laboratories
General Science
Mathematics
Biology
Physics
Chemistry
C. Learning Resource Center
Minimum Standards 1.20 sq. m. /place 1.40 sq. m./
place 2.40 sq. m./place 1.75 sq.m./place 2.00 sq.m./place 2.40
sq.m/place 2.40 sq.m/place 2.40 sq.m/place

19. Workshop
Boy’s Work/Girl’s Work Educational Practical Arts
Girls Trade Homemaking
Mechanical Trades( 2.50 sq. m/place ),Electrical Trades (2.70
sq.m/place) ,Drafting/ Drawing (2.50 sq. m/place) ,Farm
Machinery Building 2.50 sq. m/place 5.00 sq.m/place
Administrative Space
Administrative Office
Health and Guidance Services One health Clinic per
School One Guidance Clinic per School
Non-programmed Spaces
Sanitary Facilities - 5.00 sq. m/place
Boy’s Urinal - 1 urinal/50 pupils or Urinal through/100 pupils
Boy’s Toilet Seat – 1 set/100 pupils
Girl’s Toilet Seat 1 seat/50 pupils - through/100 pupils
Lavatory - 1 lavatory/toilet seat
Faucet- 1 for every 2 classrooms

20. School maintenance is an essential aspect of school
plant management and requires constant attention and
careful planning by administrators. Maintenance is
defines as the measure or measures necessary to retain
an item in or restore it to its original status or a
specified condition.
1. MOOE
2. Capital Outlay
3. Infrastructure Funds
4. Special Education Fund
5. Income Generating Projects
6. Non-Governmental Agencies/Organizations

21. References:
Educational Facilities Manual, Revised edition of the
2007 handbook on Educational Facilities- Integrating
Disaster Risk Reduction in School Construction of the
Department of Education, Copyright 2018