RBM for climate change adaptation and mitigation. Presented in January 2015, by Bruce Campbell, Phil Thornton, Ana María Loboguerrero and Pramod Aggarwal. CGIAR Research Program on Climate Change, Agriculture, and Food Security (CCAFS).

1. RBM for climate
change adaptation
and mitigation
Bruce Campbell, Phil Thornton, Pramod Aggarwal,
Ana María Loboguerrero

2. Outline
• Background (Climate change targets, CCAFS)
• Global and regional impact pathways and targets
• Regional coherence
• Planning and reporting system
• Managing for results
• Lessons learnt
• Q & A

3. Climate change targets
• UNFCCC
§ “measurable, reportable and verifiable” (MRV) – GHGs and
adaptation actions
• Alliance for Climate Smart Agriculture
§ Protect 500 million farmers from climate change
• SDG No 13
§ Strengthen resilience and adaptive capacity
§ Integrate climate change measures into national policies,
strategies, and planning
à • Building farmer resilience
• Emissions reductions

4. FS2. Climate information
services and climate-
informed safety nets
FS3. Low emissions
development
FS4. Policies and institutions
for climate-resilient food
systems
FS1. Climate smart
technologies, practices,
and portfolios

5. Regional Programs
• Key feature: fits into an impact pathway
• Large bodies of work (e.g. US$1.5 million)
• Any kind of funds; single or multiple Centers
Projects

6. Process adopted
• RBM trial on one Flagship/Theme (2013-2014)
• Iterative planning (2014)
• Knowledge platform: Planning & Reporting system
• Define global impact pathways
• Define regional impact pathways
• Calls for ideas
• Regional planning meetings: targets, IPs

7. Intermediate Development Outcomes
(IDOs)
2025 Flagship Outcomes
2025 Regional Outcomes
2019 Flagship Outcomes
2019 Regional Outcomes
Cluster of
Activities
Cluster of
Activities
Cluster of
Activities
Project
Project
Project
Project
Project
Project
Project
Project

8. 4 +5
25
national
and
subnational
major
development
initiatives
and
public
institutions
prioritize
and
inform
project
implementation
of
equitable
best
bet
CSA
options
using
CCAFS
science
and
decision
support
tools
2 +3
15
public-­‐private
actors
at
national
and
subnational
levels
are
using
incentive
mechanisms
and
new
business
models/
markets
that
explicitly
promote
equitable
climate
smart
approaches
along
the
value
chain,
using
CCAFS
science
30
mio.
farmers,
at
least
12
mio.
of
whom
are
women,
with
strengthened
adaptive
capacity
and
food
security
as
a
result
of
programmatic
CSA
investment.
Targets, e.g. Flagship 1: CSA practices
Regional targets
Project targets
Regional targets
Project targets
Regional targets

9. CCAFS-SA: Regional Impact Pathway
Regional Vision
Large-scale investments in science-informed climate smart agriculture
practices, institutions and policies in the region, leading to long-term food
security and poverty reduction
FS1: OUTCOME
Governments,
private sector and
farmer organizations
increase their
investments and
develop incentive
mechanisms to
promote wide scale
adoption of improved
CSA practices and
technologies
FS2: OUTCOME
Partners use tools
and knowledge to
improve ICT-based
agro advisory
services and
weather-related
insurance services
to smallholder
farmers
FS3: OUTCOME
Global
organizations and
national / sub-
national
governments make
rational decisions
about mitigation in
agriculture based
on local, regional
and global
evidences
FS4: OUTCOME
National and sub-
national
governments
develop CSA
policies and
strengthen related
institutions based on
evidences from
case studies, data,
tools, and models

10. FS1:
CSA
prac,ces
and
technologies
Technologies
and
prac,ces
Local
development
planning
Incen,ves
for
scaling
out
C
SV
e
vidence
b
ase
Gender
Engagement
a
nd
c
ommunica6on
CSA
Prac6ces
-­‐
CIMMYT;
Taming
floods
&
droughts-­‐
IWMI
LAPA
-­‐
CIMMYT;
crowdsourcing
seeds-­‐
Bioversity
LAPA
-­‐
CIMMYT
Priori6za6on
toolkit
FS2:
Climate
informa,on
services
Early
warning
systems
Food
security
safety
nets
Insurance
Agro-­‐advisories
-­‐
IRRI
Flood
insurance
-­‐
IWMI;
Bundling
-­‐
IFPRI
Yield
monitoring
-­‐
CRAFT;
ICT
systems
Food
storage
planning
Indices,
community
insurance
FS3:
Low
emissions
development
Decision
support
systems
Methods
and
data
Mechanisms
Mi6ga6on
op6ons
and
feasibility
-­‐
CIMMYT
Coefficients
-­‐
ICRISAT,
CIMMYT,
IRRI
Value
chains
FS4:
Policies
and
ins,tu,on
Policies
Ins,tu,ons
Global
Scaling-­‐out
-­‐
IFPRI
Scaling-­‐out
-­‐
IFPRI
Scenarios;
global
policy
support
Priori6za6on
toolkit
Center-led Projects Regional Program led
CCAFS - Projects Portfolio in South Asia

11. Practical example
CSA
Prac6ces
-­‐
CIMMYT
Testing
Gender dimensions
Scaling up (CSVs)
Policy constraints
and investment
choices
State government
Seed companies
ICT providers
Na6onal
policy
dialogue
Flagship-­‐wide
concepts
and
ac6on
e.g.
CSVs
in
c.
20
countries

12. VISION: Agricultural sector in LAM manages climate to its advantage, understands and reacts
knowledgeably to climate variability and challenges using tailored climate information, and implements
sustainable and climate adapted practices to reduce food insecurity. Policy makers and planners are truly
using climate information and tools to design and implement plans and strategies that combine and
consider the trade-offs between adaptation and mitigation towards a low emissions agricultural
development.
CCAFS LAM Impact Pathway
Farmers, private sector and
governments choose,
invest and promote CSA
context-specific practices
through demand-driven and
strengthened extension
services rescuing
traditional knowledge to
support scaling up and out
processes. Governments
develop equitable local
agricultural development
plans that prioritize
investments focusing on
climate variability
challenges.
Meteorological Services,
Ministries of Agriculture,
generate and
communicate tailored
climate information for
decision-makers at national
and local level to help
smallholder farmers to
reduce climate risks.
Research institutions,
public and private Sector
develop demand-driven
insurance options based on
agro-climate information,
seed markets, and CSA
context-specific options.
Governments formulate
and implement NAMAS
and LEDS based on
improved data on
smallholder agricultural
GHG emissions generated
by research organizations
and implement equitable
policies to avoid
deforestation from
commodity agriculture,
promote restoration to
increase carbon
sequestration and reduce
GHG emissions from
livestock and commodities.
National governments
design and enact
equitable food systems
policies and strategies
taking adaptation into
consideration to support
national and regional policy
and global climate change
negotiations and
supported by private
institutions in their
implementation at national
and local level.
Climate-Smart
AGRICULTURE
Climate
INFORMATION
Services and Safety Nets
Low
EMISSIONS
Agriculture
Policies and
INSTITUTIONS
O
U
T
C
O
M
E
S

13. Portfolio in Latin America
AGROCLIMAS
(CIAT)
Livestock Plus
(CIAT)
Relevant climate change
Information meets
Decision-Making to
influence Policy and
Institutions for Climate
Resilient Food Systems
Evaluation Platform in Latin
America CSVs (Bioversity)
Coffee Landscapes
(Bioversity)
CSMS
(CIAT)
Citizen Science
(FP1, Bioversity)
Value Chains
(CIAT)
Extension Services
in Latin America
CSA Prioritization
Framework
Power Mapping in Central
America
Engagement with MoA and
Regional Bodies
Agroclimatic Network for
Central America
Index Insurance in Central
America (IRI)
Interdisciplinary research to
improve information for
decision making. (IRI)
LEDS
(IFPRI)
Cattle in Brazil
(CIFOR)
CCAC Agriculture Initiative
on Paddy Rice Capacity
Sustainable cattle
certification in Brazil
Capacity building in
conducting GHG
measurements in LAM
Monographs for Latin
America (IFPRI)
Socioeconomic
Scenarios
Bioversity Global
Policy Work
Support to Ministry of Agriculture of Colombia and CIAT Agreement
Climate-Smart Villages in Trifinio (Guatemala, Honduras, Tuma-La Dalia (Nicaragua), Cauca (Colombia)
Addressing Gender in Latin America
Climate-Smart
AGRICULTURE
Climate
INFORMATION
Services and Safety Nets
Low
EMISSIONS
Agriculture
Policies and
INSTITUTIONS

14. Colombia’s own CCAFS
Improved
crop varieties
Agroclimatic
forecasts
Policies
& NAMAs
Adaptation Plan for the
Agricultural Sector
Farmers
Government Private
sector
Producers’
associations
Socioeconomic
Scenarios
Climate-Site-
Specific
Management
(CSMS)
Climate-Smart
Villages
GHG
measurements
methods for
smallholders
Scaling up
activities

17. P&R process
Project Leaders Managers
Annual planning
Generate info
needed for
POWB
Annual reporting
against:
• outcomes
• targets
• deliverables
Generate reports
on topics needed
for annual reporting
M&E à RBM

18. Managing for results
• Each Project has to:
§ Collect data on the indicators
§ Detail achievements in terms of its contributions to the
steps in the impact pathway
§ Produce case studies on outcomes achieved
• Annual achievements of Projects, Regions, Flagships
can be assessed
• Bonus allocation for excellent performances

19. Lessons learnt
• Time and resources needed
• New capacities needed
• Make systems “good enough”, practical, not the
best they could be
• RBM trial projects are doing things differently

20. Summary
• Major shift for CCAFS – new portfolio
• Interlinked impact pathways, from project to global
levels
• Interlinked targets and milestones along impact
pathways
• Platform for planning, reporting and monitoring
• Continual learning for RBM, adaptive managment:
learning briefs, wiki, M&E resources

21. Q & A