Krystal Crumpler
Climate Change and Natural Resources Specialist
FAO Office of Climate Change, Biodiversity and Environment
An overview of NDC ambition in
the agricultural sectors

How is NDC ambition evolving in the agricultural sectors?
Which priority areas are emerging for climate action in the agricultural
sectors?
How implementation-ready are the NDCs?
What support is needed to achieve NDC ambition in the agricultural
sectors?

How is NDC ambition evolving in
the agricultural sectors?

Adaptation components continue to reflect the extreme
vulnerability and urgency of adaptation in the agricultural sectors,
natural ecosystems, and rural livelihoods
31%
90%
92%
8%
40%
92%
95%
5%
LONG-TERM
ADAPTATION
GOAL
CLIMATE-RELATED
IMPACTS
ADAPTATION
PRIORITY AREAS
AND ACTIONS
NO ADAPTATION
COMPONENT
%
OF
ADAPTATION
COMPONENTS
ADAPTATION COMPONENTS IN THE AGRICULTURAL
SECTORS
Previous NDCs New or Updated NDCs
59%
50%
42%
59%
19%
9%
70%
55%
68%
60%
51%
14%
C ROP P ING
S Y S T E MS
LIVE S T OC K
S Y S T E MS
F ORE S T
S Y S T E MS
F IS H E RIE S &
A QUA C ULT URE
S Y S T E MS
A GRI - F OOD
VA LUE C H A IN
E NE RGY
IN/F ROM A G
%
OF
ADAAPTATION
COMPONENTS
ADAPTATION PRIORITIES IN THE AGRICULTURAL SECTORS
Previous NDCs New or Updated NDCs

Which priority areas are emerging
for climate action in the agricultural
sectors?

4 Scales of Adaptation in
the Agricultural sectors
• 25% of adaptation actions in the
agricultural sectors target the farm
level
• 45% of adaptation actions in the
agricultural sectors target the
landscape level
• 24% of adaptation actions in the
agricultural sectors are oriented
towards rural community and
household level
• Only 5% of all adaptation actions in
the agricultural sectors are oriented
around the agri-food value chain
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
100%
All Africa Asia and Pacific Europe and
Central Asia
Latin America and
Caribbean
Near East and
North Africa
%
of
actions
Distribution of adaptation actions in the agricultural sectors
Agri-food value chain Farm Landscape Community & Governance

Farm-level approaches to adaptation in the
agricultural sectors
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
100%
All Africa Asia and
Pacific
Europe and
Central Asia
Latin
America and
Caribbean
Near East
and North
Africa
%
of
actions
Adaptation actions at farm level
Cropping Fisheries & Aquaculture Livestock Energy in/from AG
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
18
20
Agroforestry
Climate
tolerant
varieties,
rotation
and
cropland
management
Irrigation,
water
harvesting
and
reuse
On-farm
soil
and
nutrient
management
Pest
and
disease
management
Bioenergy
Adapted
aquaculture
breeds
and
species
diversification
Aquatic
genetic
resources
conservation
Fishing
technologies
and
infrastructure
Monitoring
of
climate-related
impacts
and
autonomous…
Feeding,
breeding
and
husbandry
Water
reservoirs
and
basins
Cropping Energy
in/from
AG
Fisheries & Aquaculture Livestock
N.
of
NDCs
Adaptation actions at farm level
70% of new/updated NDCs prioritize adaptation in cropping systems, particularly water resource management,
climate-tolerant varieties and on-farm soil management

Landscape-level approaches to adaptation in
the agricultural sectors
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
100%
All Africa Asia and
Pacific
Europe and
Central Asia
Latin
America and
Caribbean
Near East
and North
Africa
%
of
actions
Adaptation actions at landscape level
Terrestrial, forest and grassland ecosystems
Coastal, low-lying areas and marine ecosystems
Freshwater resources and ecosystems
Biodiversity
Mountain ecosystems
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
Biodiversity
conservation
Mangrove,
tidal
marshes,
seagrass
and
coastal
ecosystem
conservation/restoration
Marine
and
ocean
ecosystem
conservation/restoration
Inland
wetlands
and
freshwater
system
conservation/restoration
Water
resource
use
and
management
Forest
conservation
and
sustainable
management
Grazing
land
management
(including
sylvopastoral
systems)
Pest
and
disease
management
Reforestation,
regeneration
and
afforestation
Terrestrial
ecosystem
conservation/restoration
Wild-fire
prevention
and
integrated
management
Biodiversity Coastal, low-lying areas
and marine ecosystems
Freshwater resources
and ecosystems
Terrestrial, forest and grassland ecosystems
N.
of
NDCs
Adaptation actions at landscape level
83% of new/updated NDCs prioritize adaptation in terrestrial, forest or grassland ecosystems and 33% promote
mangrove and coastal ecosystem restoration

Agri-food value chain
approaches to
adaptation
• 51% of adaptation components in
new/updated NDCs call for
adaptation along agri-food value
chains – particularly value addition
measures
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
100%
All Africa Asia and Pacific Europe and
Central Asia
Latin America and
Caribbean
Near East and
North Africa
%
of
actions
Adaptation actions along agri-food value chains
Value addition Infrastructure Post-harvest processing and storage
Supply chain management Food loss and waste reduction Consumption

Community- and governance-level approaches to support
adaptation in the agricultural sectors
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
100%
All Africa Asia and Pacific Europe and
Central Asia
Latin America
and Caribbean
Near East and
North Africa
%
of
actions
Climate actions at community/household level
Food security & Nutrition Credit and insurance services
Livelihood diversification Gender equality & Social inclusion
Farmer cooperatives Human health services
Social protection
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
100%
All Africa Asia and Pacific Europe and
Central Asia
Latin America
and Caribbean
Near East and
North Africa
%
of
actions
Climate actions at governance level (Adaptation Planning & Risk
Management)
Adaptation policy mainstreaming Climate risk information and advisory services
Regulatory approaches Information programmes
Monitoring strategies Environmental market-based instruments
Infrastructure
81% of new/updated NDCs prioritize adaptation in livelihood, health and/or economic systems, particularly credit and
insurance services and 1/3 call for improved climate information and advisory services

How implementation ready
are the NDCs?

NDC planning and implementation attributes improved
across all indicators of adequacy and effectiveness but there
are still some caveats
Indicators of adequacy
and effectiveness:
•Institutional arrangements
•Engagement processes
•Gender-responsiveness
•Policy coherence and
coordination
•Budgeting and investment
•Private sector engagement
•Implementation plan
•Transparency
79%
93%
83%
48%
91%
61%
91%
94%
89%
80%
100%
100%
A LL A F RIC A A S IA & P A C IF IC E UROP E &
C E NT RA L A S IA
LA T IN A ME RIC A &
C A RIBBE A N
NE A R E A S T &
NORT H A F RIC A
POLICY COHERENCE & COORDINATION
Previous NDCs New or Updated NDCs
Mention of
NAP
72%
Mention of
NAPA
4%
Mention of
NDC-NAP
relationship
22%
No mention
of NAP
2%

NDCs show significantly greater recognition of the
vulnerabilities, needs and capacities of women and other
marginalized groups to enhance the ambition and effectiveness
of climate action
56%
76%
46%
56% 60%
38%
24%
42%
100%
44%
20%
ALL AFRICA ASIA &
PACIFIC
EUROPE &
CENTRAL
ASIA
LATIN
AMERICA &
CARIBBEAN
NEAR EAST
& NORTH
AFRICA
%
OF
NEW/UPDATED
NDCS
MENTION OF GENDER AND/OR MARGINALIZED GROUPS BY
DEVELOPING COUNTRIES
Agricultural sectors/Natural resources Cross-cutting
Only 14% of developing country new/updated NDCs include gender-responsive indicators in the agricultural sectors

Most new/updated NDCs report that national M&E systems to
track adaptation progress are not in place
35%
61%
46%
11%
19%
11%
51%
82%
33%
33%
67%
60%
ALL AFRICA ASIA &
PACIFIC
EUROPE &
CENTRAL
ASIA
LATIN
AMERICA &
CARIBBEAN
NEAR EAST
& NORTH
AFRICA
INFORMATION ON M&E SYSTEMS
Previous NDCs New or Updated NDCs
19%
41%
7%
13%
28%
0%
52%
18%
70%
67% 33%
60%
29%
41%
22% 20%
39% 40%
ALL AFRICA ASIA &
PACIFIC
EUROPE &
CENTRAL
ASIA
LATIN
AMERICA &
CARIBBEAN
NEAR EAST
& NORTH
AFRICA
%
OF
NEW/UPDATED
NDCS
INSTITUTIONAL ARRANGEMENTS FOR M&E
Established Not specified Planned or needed
1/3 of adaptation actions in the agricultural sectors contain measurable indicators to track adaptation targets

There is wide agreement that the private sector has a key role
to play in facilitating NDC implementation in the agricultural
sectors
10% 7% 4% 7%
22%
0%
9% 13%
8%
7%
11%
41%
53%
50%
27%
39%
20%
41%
27%
38%
60%
28%
80%
A LL A F RIC A A S IA A ND
P A C IF IC
E UROP E A ND
C E NT RA L A S IA
LA T IN
A ME RIC A A ND
C A RIBBE A N
NE A R E A S T
A ND NORT H
A F RIC A
%OF
NEW/UPDATED
NDCS
PRIVATE SECTOR ENGAGEMENT
Active collaboration Concrete engagement Limited consultation No mention
No private sector
engagement
activities
identified
59%
Agricultural
sectors
27% Other sectors
14%
Private sector
engagement
activities
identified
41%

What support is needed to
achieve NDC ambition in the
agricultural sectors?

There are significant gaps in the specificity of finance needs for
NDC implementation in the agricultural and natural resource
sectors and support for rural communities.
32% 29%
67%
33%
12%
12%
50%
0%
40%
35%
33%
50%
67%
16%
24%
A LL A F RIC A A S IA &
P A C IF IC
E UROP E &
C E NT RA L A S IA
LA T IN
A ME RIC A &
C ARIBBE AN
NE A R E A S T &
NORT H
AFRIC A
%
OF
FINANCE
NEEDS
REFERENCED
INFORMATION IN DEVELOPING COUNTRY FINANCE
NEEDS IN THE AGRICULTURAL SECTORS
Cropping systems Livestock systems Forest systems Fisheries & Aquaculture systems
Finance
• 92 % of developing countries communicate qualitative
finance needs yet only half quantify the amount
required for NDC implementation.
• 35 % of developing countries distinguish between
adaptation and mitigation finance needs
• Only 18 % of developing countries estimate the cost of
NDC implementation in the agricultural sectors.
18%
12%
11%
8%
A GRIC ULT URA L S E C T ORS
E C OS Y S T E MS A ND NA T URA L RE S OURC E S
LIVE LIH OODS , H E A LT H A ND E C ONOMIC S
DRR/M
% OF NEW/UPDATED NDCS

Conclusions

Conclusions
• Adaptation ambition in the agricultural sectors has gone up across the board in coverage and
quality across all regions
• NDCs continue to reflect the extreme vulnerability and urgency of adaptation in the agricultural
sectors
• Entry-points for adaptation and building resilience at 4 levels: farm, landscape, agri-food value
chain and community/governance level
• NDC planning and implementation attributes improved across all indicators of adequacy and
effectiveness but there are still some caveats
• Greater recognition of the vulnerabilities, needs and capacities of women and other marginalized
groups –> but more gender-responsive indicators in agricultural sectors needed
• Private sector engagement entry-points are reported mostly in the agricultural sectors
• There are significant gaps in the specificity of finance needed for adaptation and disaster risk
reduction in the agricultural sectors

Thank you!
Authors: Krystal Crumpler, Rebecca Abi Khalil,
Emily Tanganelli, Neha Rai, Lapo Roffredi,
Alexandre Meybeck, Viviane Umulisa, Julia Wolf
and Martial Bernoux
Contact: Krystal.Crumpler@fao.org
Scaling Up Climate Ambition in Land use and
Agriculture through NDCs and NAPs (SCALA)
Programme
NDC Enhancement Team
Coming soon!
Link