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FAO, Climate Change Adatation, and NAPs
This document summarizes a meeting on climate change adaptation and national adaptation plans (NAPs) in agriculture sectors. It discusses how most countries' intended nationally determined contributions (INDCs) refer to agriculture and land use sectors as priorities for climate action. Many countries need enhanced cooperation across sectors and ministries to implement strategies. Technical and research capacities are also priorities, as are technology transfer and engagement of stakeholders. The document outlines FAO's support for climate-smart agriculture, national adaptation planning, and relevant programs in over 20 countries. FAO is working to build the evidence base around climate impacts on agriculture to inform national adaptation efforts.
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FAO, Climate Change Adatation, and NAPs
- 1. 30th Meeting of LeastDeveloped Countries Expert Group. Monrovia, Monteserrado, Liberia. 07-10 September 2016 FAO, Climate Change Adaptation, and NAPs Hideki Kanamaru Natural Resources Officer
- 2. NDCs and agriculturesectors • NDCs an important guide for future programming decisions by country governments • Countries identified 256 INDC actions for the agriculture and land-use sectors
- 3. Region % of INDCsreferring to ag sectors Sub-Saharan Africa LULUCF: 87 % AG: 76% East / Southeast Asia LULUCF: 81% AG:75% South Asia LULUCF: 63% AG:63% North Africa and West Asia LULUCF: 74% AG: 58% Latin America and the Caribbean LULUCF: 88% AG:73% Mitigation (LULUCF: 145 countries) and (Agriculture: 140 countries) Adaptation (131 countries refer to Ag in the context of adaptation) Region % of INDCs referring to ag sectors Sub-Saharan Africa 100% East / Southeast Asia 92% South Asia 100% North Africa and West Asia 93% Latin America and the Caribbean 100% Source: FAO analysis, data status 7.9.16 The agriculture sectors in the INDCs The agriculture sectors are among the foremost priorities for climate action in developing countries
- 4. Planning and Implementation Technicaland capacity needs • Enhanced inter-sectoral and inter-ministerial cooperation is often identified as a priority. • Many countries refer to importance of monitoring, evaluating and reacting to the performance of their adaptation and mitigation strategies. • 1/3 of countries refer to research and capacity building in Ag sectors as part of adaptation sections • About 60% of countries express the need for technology transfer and capacity development . • Countries prioritize technical capacities, followed by capacity development to engage stakeholders, and formulate relevant strategies and policies.
- 5. FAO Action onClimate Change Support at a number of levels
- 6. Climate Smart Agriculture Anorganizing principle to help guide actions to transform and re-orient agricultural systems to effectively and sustainably support food security under the new realities of climate change. Three pillars of CSA: 1.Increase, in a sustainable manner, productivity and income growth in agriculture. 2.Support adaptation across the agricultural sectors to expected climatic changes and build resilience. 3.Reduce, where possible, the greenhouse gas emissions of production systems.
- 7. Focus of FAOwork on CSA 1)Making the case for CSA – Building an evidence base 1)Developing and applying CSA practices – Demonstrating and scaling-up site-specific production practices 1)Enabling CSA – Building enabling institutional and policy frameworks
- 8. Country support onNAPs - some examples • Voluntary guidelines to support the integration of Genetic Diversity into National Adaptation Planning • Agriculture supplement for the LEG technical guidelines for the NAP process (NAP-Ag supplement). To be finalized in 2016. • Fisheries and aquaculture sub-sector specific guidance document for country support. • Supporting 29 developing countries out of which nine are considered Least Developed Countries across Africa, Asia, Latin America and the Caribbean on the design and implementation of processes related to adaptation planning/ National Adaptation Plans.
- 9. Relevant programs andprojects - some examples • NAP-Ag Programme – 11 countries, FAO and UNDP • Strengthening the Adaptive Capacity to Climate Change in the Fisheries and Aquaculture Sector - Chile • AMICAF – Indonesia and Paraguay • Climate Change Adaptation in the Eastern Caribbean Fisheries Sector • Improved fisheries management for sustainable use of marine living resources in the face of changing systems • Reducing vulnerability and increasing adaptive capacity to respond to impacts of climate change and variability for sustainable livelihoods in agriculture sector in Nepal • Consolidating capacities for DRR in Agriculture in Southeast Asia (Lao PDR, Cambodia, the Philippines, DPR Korea) • Community-based Climate Resilient Fisheries and Aquaculture Development in Bangladesh
- 10. FAO-GEF adaptation portfolio Globaland Africa The majority of FAO-GEF CCA work in Africa seeks to strengthen the resilience of small holder agriculturalists and agroecosystems Including: •Coastal communities in Togo •Small holder farmers through farmer field schools in Uganda, Berundi, Senegal, Mozambique, Burkina Faso. •Coastal fishers in the Benguela current. •Agropastoral systems and communities in Angola, Mali and Niger.
- 11. NAP-Ag Programme Update -Globally • 8 countries: Kenya, Philippines, Nepal, Thailand, Uruguay, Uganda, Vietnam, Zambia • 3 additional countries: Colombia, the Gambia and Zambia • Launch of FAO and UNDP websites • 05-07 April - Global Capacity Development Workshop on Integrating Agriculture in NAPs in FAO HQ • 11-15 July - NAP Expo 2016 – Parallel Sessions: www.fao.org/in-action/naps/news/events/nap-expo-2016/parallel-sessions/en/ – Establishing baselines for NAPs and scaling up adaptation action (UNDP, UNEP, FAO, BMUB, GCF (Representative from Gambia, Thailand, Philippines, Kenya and Zambia) – Experiences on ecosystem-based approaches under the Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD, FAO) – Technical guidance on NAPs (Representative from Philippines) 11
- 12.
- 13. Global Capacity Development Workshop 70Participants Representatives from Ministries of Agriculture and Environment, FAO and UNDP Country focal points, Partner organizations – Oxfam, NAP Global Network Lead experts of the agriculture sectors Thematics and Training Peer-to-Peer Exchange Country Poster Session – Overview of key issues for NAPs Buddy system – peer-to peer-exchange on select thematics Sharing of work plans and milestones for 2016 Climate Change Adaptation and Food Security Mainstreaming CCA into development planning Building and evidence base for CCA in agriculture Leveraging support for NAPs NAP Technical Guidelines and integration of ag sectors and other sectors Country Team Work planning 05-07 April – FAO Headquarters, Rome, Italy All workshop material posted online: www.fao.org/in-action/naps/news/events/global-capacity-development-wo
- 14. NAP-Ag Programme Update -National • Country inception workshops, launching the NAP for climate variability and change in the agriculture sectors – Kenya – 08 June 2016, Nairobi, Kenya http://www.fao.org/in-action/naps/news/detail/en/c/418096/ – Uruguay – 07 July 2016, Montevideo, Uruguay http://www.fao.org/in-action/naps/news/detail/en/c/425002/ – Zambia – 26-28 July 2016, Siavonga, Zambia http://www.fao.org/in-action/naps/news/detail/en/c/429633/ – Uganda – 02 August 2016, Kampala, Uganda http://www.fao.org/in-action/naps/news/detail/en/c/429305/ 14
- 15. Upcoming activities • Launchof Webinar Series for the NAP-Ag Programme – focusing on technical topics from impact evaluation, CbA, gender, monitoring and evaluation, climate finance, integration of the agriculture sectors, etc. • In-country trainings on Impact Evaluation and Cost- Benefit Analysis of adaptation options – Webinar and Briefing Note on Economics of Adaptation – Impact Evaluation and CbA • Gender mainstreaming in national policies – First series of country trainings – Dissemination of a training manual on mainstreaming gender in country policymaking on adaptation in agriculture – Webinar and Briefing Note on Gender into Policy Making and Planning 15
- 16. Highlights and countrypriorities • Undertake coherent NAPs, NDCs, NAMAs and NCs • Strengthen capacities to link climate policy and public finance • Mainstream climate change adaptation and disaster risk reduction into agriculture sector plans, policies, budgets (both national and provincial). • Improve impact monitoring frameworks • Wide consensus on the need for working together across Ministries and national agencies working on environment, agriculture, forestry, fisheries, planning, finance and women’s affairs to work together to enhance climate change adaptation. • Countries requested support on identifying suitable tools for building the evidence base, develop capacity and build effective work plans and budgets for the NAP process. – Evidence base for adaptation plans for the agricultural sector – Evidence base for agricultural sector inputs into National Climate Change strategy/policy – Evidence base to understand climate benefits of adaptation options and their planning/budgeting implications
- 17. Agricultural sectors &GCF • There is significant potential for the agricultural sectors to deliver on GCF priorities.
- 18. FAO and GCF •FAO is exploring three ways to support Member States to work with the GCF. – As a GCF-accredited implementing entity. • FAO hopes to be accredited at either the October (B.14) or December (B.15) Board meeting. • Projects up to USD 250 million (inclusive of co-financing). • Grant-implementing entity. • Projects characterized by a medium level of env/social risk. – Supporting the design and implementation of projects led by other accredited entities. – As a delivery partner in the GCF Readiness Programme. • Mainly to develop the GCF country programme.
- 19. Technical work insupport of NAP – an example: Evidence-based climate change adaptation • Any climate change adaptation programme/project should be supported by robust evidences. • Evidence about: – Past climate, and its impacts on local agriculture – Future projected climate and its impacts on local agriculture – Characterization of vulnerability to climate change and other factors (social, environmental, etc) – Current GHG emissions – Identification and appraisal of potential adaptation practices, including cost-benefit, mitigation benefits – Effectiveness of adaptation interventions (monitoring and evaluation)
- 20. Which regions aremore affected by river flow changes, and irrigation potential? Changes in discharge by season and agreement among 3 GCMs x 2 emission scenarios 2011-2040 vs 1971-2000
- 21. Which regions are moreaffected than other regions by crop productivity changes? What are the priorities for adaptation interventions, resource allocation, and investments? Rainfed rice yield change 2011-2040 vs 1971-2000
- 22. Peru – cornyield projection Which crops are more vulnerable and where? What are optimal crop mix?
- 23. Principles • Strengthen linkagebetween research and decision making to build evidence base • Information gap: assessment at national level with sub- national disaggregation, medium- to long-term CC • Link with policy processes such as National Adaptation Plans (NAPs), Climate-Smart Agriculture, Agricultural Investment Programme, etc • Philippines, Peru, Morocco, Malawi, Zambia, Indonesia, Paraguay, and more • Using MOSAICC and other tools • Inter-disciplinary • Addressing capacity gap in developing countries
- 24. Capacity Development • Bynational scientists • With country’s own data • For country's information needs, to inform country’s programmes and projects • Individual capacities • Institutional capacities --- stakeholder engagement, interdisciplinary team
- 25.
Editor's Notes
- #4 Notes: The figures listed above refer to the proportion of countries in each region that refer to the agriculture sectors (crops, livestock, forestry, fisheries and aquaculture = agriculture [crops and livestock] + LULUCF) in their mitigation and adaptation sections. Sub-Saharan Africa places a greater emphasis on the agriculture sectors (for both mitigation and adaptation) than any other developing country region.
- #5 Notes: Specific needs in the agriculture sectors include: Technical: forest inventories and national planning systems; technologies to support MRV. Capacity development: best practices for sustainable forest management; support for implementation of afforestation and reforestation; training on assessing GHG emissions and removals.
- #6 FAO provides assistance from global to local levels. This work cuts across pillars of food security, climate resilience, disaster resilience and sustainable land/resource management. Ranging from support: to global conventions, commitments and policy (e.g. UNFCCC, UNCCD) Full spectrum of ‘normative’ work (developing tools, datasets—partnerships) Country level and policy planning (e.g. NAPA, NDCs, REDD+) To local level projects, developing and sharing developing best practice (e.g. applying tools in field schools/farmer/govt, business, community groups).
- #7 CSA is not an approach, not a methodology—but an organizing principle. Offers the way forward for mainstreaming climate change adaptation and mitigation into all FAO development activities Focus on food security Ensures country-driven processes Employs ecosystem-based approach Ensure trans-boundary collaboration Ensures participatory, gender-sensitive, location-specific adaptation Deliver through partnerships (e.g. one UN) Take long-term programmatic approach Promote synergies between adaptation, mitigation and productivity increase (climate-smart agriculture)
- #8 3 areas that CSA is being addressed by FAO
- #18 The agricultural sectors are directly relevant to: Mitigation: Forest and Land Use Adaptation: Health, food and water security; Livelihoods of people and communities; and Ecosystems and ecosystem services.
- #22 3 GCMs x 2 emission scenarios