The document describes different types of cardiac arrhythmias as identified by patterns on ECG strips. It summarizes key details about rhythm, rate, P waves, PR interval and QRS complex for conditions including: - Premature ventricular contraction - Sinus tachycardia - Sinus bradycardia - Sinus arrhythmia - Atrial dysrhythmias like premature atrial contraction, atrial flutter, and atrial fibrillation - Ventricular dysrhythmias like bigeminy, trigeminy, quadrigeminy, ventricular tachycardia, and ventricular fibrillation - AV blocks like first-degree, second-degree type I and

1. ECG or EKG Strips

2. Premature Ventricular Contraction
Rhythm Irregular
Rate The underlying rate
P Wave Absent
PR Interval Not measurable
QRS Wide (> 0.10 sec), bizarre appearance
Notes
Two PVCs together are termed a couplet while three PVCs in a row with a
fast rhythm is ventricular tachycardia

3. Sinus Tachycardia
Rhythm Regular
Rate Fast (> 100 bpm)
P Wave Normal, may merge with T wave at very fast rates
PR Interval Normal (0.12-0.20 sec)
QRS Normal (0.06-0.10 sec)
Notes QT interval shortens with increasing heart rate

4. Sinus Bradycardia
Rhythm Regular
Rate Slow (< 60 bpm)
P Wave Normal
PR Interval Normal (0.12-0.20 sec)
QRS Normal (0.06-0.10 sec)
Notes

5. Sinus Arrhythmia
Rhythm Irregular, varying with respiration
Rate Normal (60-100 bpm) and rate may increase during inspiration
P Wave Normal
PR Interval Normal (0.12-0.20 sec)
QRS Normal (0.06-0.10 sec)
Notes Heart rate frequently increases with inspiration, decreasing with expiration

6. Atrial Dysrhythmias
Premature Atrial Contraction
Rhythm Irregular
Rate Usually normal but depends on underlying rhythm
P Wave Premature, positive and shape is abnormal
PR Interval Normal or longer
QRS 0.10 sec or less
Notes

7. Atrial Flutter
Rhythm Regular or irregular
Rate Fast (250-350 bpm) for Atrial, but ventricular rate is often slower
P Wave Not observable, but saw-toothed flutter waves are present
PR Interval Not measureable
QRS Normal (0.06-0.10 sec)
Notes

8. Atrial Fibrillation
Rhythm Irregular
Rate
Very fast (> 350 bpm) for Atrial, but ventricular rate may be slow, normal
or fast
P Wave Absent - erratic waves are present
PR Interval Absent
QRS Normal but may be widened if there are conduction delays
Notes

9. Ventricular Dysrhythmias
Premature Ventricular Contraction
Rhythm Irregular
Rate The underlying rate
P Wave Absent
PR Interval Not measurable
QRS Wide (> 0.10 sec), bizarre appearance
Notes
Two PVCs together are termed a couplet while three PVCs in a row with a
fast rhythm is ventricular tachycardia

10. Premature Ventricular Contraction:
Bigeminy
Rhythm Irregular
Rate The underlying rate
P Wave Absent
PR Interval Not measurable
QRS Wide (> 0.10 sec), bizarre appearance
Notes PVC appears every second beat

11. Premature Ventricular Contraction:
Quadrigeminy
Rhythm Irregular
Rate The underlying rate
P Wave Absent
PR Interval Not measurable
QRS Wide (> 0.10 sec), bizarre appearance
Notes PVC appears every fourth beat

12. Premature Ventricular Contraction:
Trigeminy
Rhythm Irregular
Rate The underlying rate
P Wave Absent
PR Interval Not measurable
QRS Wide (> 0.10 sec), bizarre appearance
Notes PVC appears every third beat

13. Ventricular Tachycardia
Rhythm Regular
Rate Fast (100-250 bpm)
P Wave Absent
PR Interval Not measurable
QRS Wide (>0.10 sec), bizarre appearance
Notes
Ventricular tachycardia can be monomorphic (form of each QRS is
similar), or polymorphic (QRS forms vary)

14. Ventricular Fibrillation
Rhythm Highly irregular
Rate Unmeasurable
P Wave Absent
PR Interval Not measurable
QRS None
Notes EKG tracings is a wavy line

15. AV BLOCKS:
First Degree AV Block
Rhythm Regular
Rate The underlying rate
P Wave Normal
PR Interval Prolonged (>0.20 sec)
QRS Normal (0.06-0.10 sec)
Notes A first-degree AV block is actually a delay rather than a block

16. Second Degree AV Block: Type I (Mobitz I
or Wenckebach)
Rhythm Irregular but with progressively longer PR interval lengthening
Rate The underlying rate
P Wave Normal
PR Interval Progressively longer until a QRS complex is missed, then cycle repeats
QRS Normal (0.06-0.10 sec) (No QRS complex)
Notes

17. Second Degree AV Block: Type II
(Mobitz II)
Rhythm Regular (atrial) and irregular (ventricular)
Rate
Characterized by Atrial rate usually faster than ventricular rate (usually
slow)
P Wave Normal form, but more P waves than QRS complexes
PR Interval Normal or prolonged
QRS Normal or wide
Notes

18. Third Degree AV Block
Rhythm Regular, but atrial and ventricular rhythms are independent
Rate Characterized by Atrial rate usually normal and faster than ventricular rate
P Wave Normal shape and size, may appear within QRS complexes
PR Interval Absent: the atria and ventricles beat independently.
QRS Normal, but wide if junctional escape focus
Notes