INM in Vegetable crops .pptx
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Integrated nutrient managements in vegetable crops.
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INM in Vegetable crops .pptx
- 1. INTEGRATED NUTRIENT MANAGEMENT IN VEGETABLE CROPS
- 2. Integrated nutrient management means combined application of different sources of plant nutrients like organic inorganic and bio fertilisers for sustainable crop production without degrading the natural resources on long term basis . The objective or aim to integrate the use of natural and man made soil nutrients to increase crop productivity and preserve soil productivity for future generation .
- 3. ⸠INM involves maintenance or adjustment of plant nutrient supply to an optimum level for sustaining the desired crop productivity. ⸠It involves proper combination of chemical fertilizers, organic manures, crop residues, nitrogen fixing crops and bio-fertilizers suitable to the system of land use and ecological, social and economic conditions. WHY INM? â˘Unbalanced use of N:P:K have caused deleterious long term effects on soil fertility and productivity. â˘In intensive cultivation, application of mere chemical fertilizers (N:P:K) ďźNot sufficient for sustaining the yields ďźLeads to deficiency in the soil for secondary nutrients and ďźDeficiency of micro-nutrients in the soil which limit crop productivity â˘Use of organic manures, green manures, crop residue and biodegradable rural and urban waste â˘Supplement the major nutrients. â˘Increase the efficiency in other nutrients supply â˘Leading to improvement in physical and biological properties of the soil
- 4. GOALS OF INM ďź To maintain soil productivity To ensure productive and sustainable agriculture ďź To reduce expenditure on cost of purchased inputs by using farm manure and crop residues etc. ďź To utilize the potential benefits of green manures, leguminous crops and bio-fertilizers To prevent degradation of the environment ďź To meet the social and economic aspirations of the farmers without harming the natural resource base of the agricultural production PRINCIPLES OF INM ď In the soil, replenishment of chemicals removed by the crop ď Maintenance of organic matter content in the soil ď Avoidance of weeds, pests and diseases occurrence ď Control of soil acidity and toxicity ď Control of soil erosion by improving soil physical properties
- 8. OLD LEAVES N, P, K, Mg, Mo With Dead Spots K, Mo No Dead Spots N, P, Mg Green Veins Mg Yellow veins N NEW LEAVES S, Fe, Mn, Cu Green Veins Fe, Mg Yellow veins S, Cu OLD + NEW LEAVES Zn TERMINAL BUD Ca, B
- 9. Soil source Crop variety , Cultural practises Cropping system , Legumes intercropping organic source Organic Manure FYM, poultry manure , Neem cake , Vermicompost, Green Manures, Crop residue, Inorganic source Chemical Fertilizer SSP, Urea, MOP, Micronutrients IFFCO Biological source Bio-fertilizers Microbial inoculants Components of INM Soil Source In- Organic Source Organic Source Biological Source
- 13. Chemical fertilizer SINGLE SUPER PHOSPHATE P-16 AMMONIUM NITRATE N-32 UREA N-46 CALCIUM AMONIUM NITRATE N- 25 DI AMMONIUM PHOSPHATE N-18 P-46 MURATE OF POTASH K-60 POTASSIUM SULPHATE K-48 Nutrient content is higher in fertilizers than in organic manures and nutrients are released almost immediately after application
- 14. PANCHGAVYA COW GHEE 1 KG COW URINE 10 LITRE WATER 10 LITRE COW DUNG 7 KG COW MILK 3 LITRE COW CURD 2 LITRE COCONUT WATER 3 LITRE JAGGERY 3 KG BANANA 12 NO panchgavya Dung Wate r Urine Ghee Milk Banan a Coconut Curd Jagger y Panchgavya, Jivamrit, Ghanjivamrit, Bijamrit etc.
- 15. Phosphate Solubilising bacteria PSB Vesicular Arbuscular Mycorhizae VAM Azotobactor sp. Azospirillium sp. Rhozobium Trichoderma Pseudomonas Bio-Fertilizer â Benefit / Advantages - â˘Increase crop yield by 20-30 % â˘Replace chemical N & P by 25 % â˘Stimulate plant growth â˘Acivate the soil biologically â˘Restore natural soil fertility. â˘Provide protection against drought & some soil borne diseases. ⢠Cost effective â˘Reduce the costs toward fertilizers use N & P â˘Supplement to fertilizers â˘Eco friendly in nature.
- 17. Crop N Kg/ha P Kg/ha K Kg/ha TOMATO 150 75 75 HYBRID TOMATO 150 90 90 BRINJAL 100 50 50 HYBRID BRINJAL 150 75 75 ONION 80 50 80 GARLIC 100 50 50 OKRA 60 30 0 ELEPHANT FOOT YAM 80 60 100 YAM 80 60 80 TURMERIC 120 90 90 GINGER 120 90 90 FENUGREEK 20 60 30
- 18. Symptoms Pale green or yellow leaves Not enough chlorophyll Symptoms begin in lower leaves Very slow growth
- 19. Symptoms leaf bronzing and mottling Thin stems, Stunted or slow growth Little or no fruit Possible purple spots
- 20. Symptoms Leaf distortion and curling Older foliage may show marginal leaf scorch, distortion, curling and premature drop Late season blotchy or irregular pattern of chlorosis Poorly developed root systems may result in lodging of cereals
- 21. Symptoms Young leaves are light green to yellow Plants are small and stunted Delayed maturity Uniform pale green chlorosis Purple vein color Purple and reddish pigmentation
- 22. Symptoms Chlorosis (abnormally yellow color of plant tissues) Leaves have a marbled appearance Symptoms appear in older leaves Necrosis and dropping of older leaves Very small fruits and flowers
- 23. Symptoms Death of terminal growth Young meristematic tissues disintegrate Leaves are thickened, curled and brittle Poor seed-set Poor fruit-set, reduced flowering Tubers, fruits and roots may become discolored, cracked and flecked with brown spots Small, malformed fruit
- 24. Symptoms Poor root development External and internal disorders of many fruits and vegetables Premature shedding of blossoms and buds Deformed terminal leaves and fruit Dead terminal buds
- 25. Symptoms Marginal leaf yellowing and chlorosis Shoot die-back Dead spots and brown areas on terminal leaves Stunted growth, undersized fruit Mild deficiency, reduced growth and yield Severe deficiency, tip necrosis Small, malformed fruit
- 26. Symptoms Early season patternless paling in leaf color Later season yellowing of leaves Young leaves show chlorotic symptoms first, may develop interveinal chlorosis In grasses, alternate rows of green and white Moderate deficiency, lower crop yield and quality Severe deficiency, stunted growth
- 27. Symptoms Leaves yellow between veins Dead spots on severely affected leaves Stunted growth Severe deficiency may resemble severe magnesium deficiency
- 28. Symptoms Interveinal chlorosis of young leaves New leaves thin and wispy Leaf tips turn black and die New bud and leaf growth stop
- 29. Symptoms Pale yellow leaves, especially in legumes Malformed leaves with normal midribs (âwhiptailâ of Brassicas) Interveinal chlorosis, with a glassy appearance (âyellow spotâ of citrus) Death of vegetative growing point often accompanied by a brown exudate Stunted plants with shortened internodes
- 30. N P K Mg Ca S B Fe Mn Zn
- 32. ⢠Soil physical properties - Improvement in soil granulation, porosity, water holding and drainage capacity, aeration etc. ⢠soil health - Prevent deterioration of better tolerance to biotic and abiotic stresses. ⢠Enrichment of soil with beneficial soil micro organisms. Improves & sustain Physical, Chemical and biological functioning of soil. ⢠Balanced nutrition - Balanced nutrition to the crops, better nutritional uptake and hence better plant growth and yield ⢠Nutrient demand - Enhance the availability of nutrient. Improvement in the organic matter content in the soil - Inorganic sources insufficient for nutritional needs. - ⢠Multiple nutrient deficiency - Maintenance of soil nutrients reserve. Minimize antagonistic effects of nutrient imbalance. ⢠Pollution. - Reduced use of chemical fertilizers , reduce nutrient losses , reduces pollution of ground water and environment. ⢠Use of available nutrient sources for sustainable agriculture - ⢠Enhance crop yield & improve produce's quality appearance, taste and nutritional richness. ⢠Fruitful utilization of farm wastes, organic sources are cheaply available minimize production cost & residual effect remains beneficial to succeeding crops.