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Interventions and Development Strategies for Sustainable Transformation of Upland Agricultural Systems in West Sumatra, Indonesia
1. Interventions and Development Strategies for Sustainable Transformation of Upland Agricultural Systems in West Sumatra, Indonesia Astia Dendi November 28, 2003
9. Analytical Framework (P) Physical characteristics of resource (P) External Framework Conditions: Knowledge& Tech. characteristics of the resource users (K) Institutional characteristics (I) SoEc of the resource users (Ec) Market environments Policy-Inst. environment Physical infrastructure Outputs: Human Behavior & Interactions Agricultural Knowledge & Information (E) Outcomes Sustainability Performance
10. Main Steps Households interviews (n=137) and Key Persons Interviews Preliminary watersheds surveys Data analysis and presentation: Factor analysis, qualitative methods Case Studies Village s Survey Formulation of research questions & analytical framework
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12. Sample Composition 26 households 19 households Agricultural Extension Target Group 49 households 43 households Non Agricultural Extension Target Group Strong Customary Institutions Weak Customary Institutions
13. Households Sample by agricultural extension category 45 92 Total 4 19 Muaro Sungai Lolo 9 30 Silayang 14 20 Pintu Padang 18 23 Lubuak Gadang With AE (hh) Without AE (hh)
14. Population & household sample Nagari (Village) Population Households Number of households interviewed Lubuak Gadang 1256 304 41 Pintu Padang 1301 327 34 Silayang 3146 672 39 Muaro Sungai Lolo 3952 843 23 Total 9655 2146 137
30. Trend of yield of the swidden rice in the study area Yield in 1811= 1760 kg ha -1 (Marsden, 1811: 77) Yield in 1884=1100-1760 kg ha -1 (Neumann, 1884)
31. The Swidden-fallow cycle Old Bush Lands ( Baluka Tuo ) 6-10 yrs of fallow f allow period Young Bush Lands ( Baluka Mudo ) 4-5 yrs of fallow fallow period Old Forests ( Rimbo ) Swidden fields 1-3 years of cultivation Slash and Burn Bare Land and/or Imperata Grassland ( Padang Lalang )
32. Contrasting view of the baluko tuo and the baluka mudo in the ERW Baluka Tuo Baluka Mudo
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38. Recultivation of bush fallow showing a rubber-rice intercropping model
40. Shifting cultivation Source: Own field study, 2002 Nagari Total Household Households engaged in shifting cultivation % of all Ha/hh Lubuk Gadang 304 50-60 0.75-1.25 Pintu Padang 327 60-70 0.5-1 Silayang 672 60-75 0.75-1.5 Muaro Sungai Lolo 843 50-60 0.75-1.5 All study area 2122 65 0.5-1.5
41. Tree crops cultivation Source: Own field study, 2002 Nagari House-hold Number Rubber Gambir % Ha/household % Ha/household Lubuk Gadang 304 90 1.5 0 0 Pintu Padang 327 70 1 0 0 Silayang 672 70 1.5 5 2 Muaro Sungai Lolo 843 60 2 30 2 All study area 2122
42. Development of agricultural cultivations during 1994-2002 * ProRLK report, 1994 ** Key persons interviews and own estimate Nagari Total area (ha) Cultivated area (1994)* Cultivated area (2002)** hectare % hectare % Lubuk Gadang 4250 950 22 1500-1600 35-38 Pintu Padang 2100 600 29 850-950 40-45 Silayang 21000 1720 8 2300-2500 11-12 Muaro Sungai Lolo 58300 5198 9 6300-6500 10-11 Total in study area 85650 8468 9.88 10950-11550 12-14
49. Conclusions and Discussion Indebtedness Insufficient Food Low Income Low Yield Low Investment Resource-base Degradation Poverty and Resource Degradation Trap Figure: A main perspective of poverty and resource degradation linkages