Balancing Livestock Needs and Soil Conservation: Assessment of Opportunities in Intensifying Cereal-Legume-Livestock Systems in West Africa T. Abdoulaye Presentation: CGIAR Systemwide Livestock Programme Livestock Policy Group, 1 December 2009

Background Fertilizer consumption and crop yield Source: FAOSTAT Source: FAOSTAT South East Asia West Africa

Background Crop residue is fed to livestock or grazed by free-roaming animals.

Activity 1 Socio-Economic characterization of household and CR uses

Socioeconomic characterization of Ghana study area 10 (3.3) 10 (3.6) 10 (3.1) 9 (3.0) Household size 1.58 (1.3) 2.06 (1.8) 1.37 (0.89) 1.33 (0.81) Total Farm size (ha) 504.1 (623.5) 625.03 (881.2) 483.0 (521.1) 406.3 (336.7) Income ($) Type 1 Type 2 Type 3 Pooled Age (Years) 45.3 (14.4) 47.3 (13.4) 50.8 (16.8) 47.8 (15.0)

Socioeconomic characterization of Nigeria study area 9.2 (3.2) 10.5 (3.4) 9.1 (3.0) 8 (2.7) Household size 47.8 (12.9) 49.0 (13.4) 47.9 (12.4) 46.5 (13.0) Age (Years) 4.1 (5.4) 5.5 (5.7) 4.1 (6.5) 2.8 (3.1) Total Farm size (ha) 2574.3 (2605.7) 3719.5 (3831.1) 2090.2 (1178.2) 1913.1 (1555.0) Income ($) Type 1 Type 2 Type 3 Pooled

Socioeconomic characterization of Niger study area 9 (3.8) 10 (3.6) 9 (4.0) 8 (4) Household size 4.1 (2.7) 4.7 (2.8) 4.1 (2.8) 3.4 (2.4) Total Farm size (ha) 533.6 (410.1) 642.5 (471.0) 555.2 (389.7) 403.1 (326.7) Income ($) Type 1 Type 2 Type 3 Pooled Age (Years) 40.2 (13.6) 40.6 (14.0) 46.4 (14.3) 42.4 (14.2)

Utilization of CR -Typo 1 (% of farmers)

Utilization of CR -Typo 2 (% of farmers)

Utilization of CR -Typo 3 (% of farmers)

Activity 2 Quantification of trade-offs in agricultural uses of crop residues

0%C, 0%M 100%C, 100%M 100%C, 100%M 25%C, 75%M 25%C, 75%M 0%C, 0%M 50%C, 50%M 50%C, 50%M 75%C, 25%M 75%C, 25%M 1 2 3 4 5 Scenario % applied to soil % feed to livestock 0% 0% 50% 50% 50% 50% 50% 50% 100% 100% Assessment of trade-offs in uses of crop residue Trade-off: the quantity of crop produce sacrificed by a farmer for a unit benefit from livestock production by the allocation of crop residues into livestock production.

Effect of crop residue use on grain yields and weight gain, Farm 2 at Cheyohi, Ghana

Effect of crop residue use on grain yields and weight gain, Farm 2 at Garin Labo, Niger

Effect of crop residue use on grain yields and weight gain, Farm 3 at Sarauniya, Nigeria

102 kg 25 kg 80 kg 89 kg 93 kg 53 kg 25 kg 25 kg 25 kg 25 kg 1 2 3 4 5 ¢ 11.5 ¢ 11.8 ¢ 11.5 ¢ 11.6 ¢ 9.7 Results: Tradeoffs of farm 2 at Cheyohi

Activity 3 Identification of entry points for improving the productivity of cereal–legume–livestock systems: The NUTMON approach

Nitrogen flows in farms of the various farm groups at Garin Labo

Nitrogen flows in cereal-legume-livestock systems at Cheyohi (Gh), Sarauniya (Nig) and Garin Labo (NE)

Results: Tradeoffs of farm 3 at Sarauniya 55.7 kg 61.7 kg 23 kg 32.9 kg 25 kg 25 kg 25 kg 25 kg 25 kg 1 2 3 4 5 0 kg N 1370 N 1264 N 1387 N 1268 N 1521

Result: Tradeoffs of farm 2 at Garin Labo 6.2 g 12.8 kg 11.2 kg 14.5 kg 25 kg 25 kg 25 kg 25 kg 25 kg 1 2 3 4 5 CFA 3928 CFA 3431 CFA 3536 CFA 3332 CFA 4487 12.2 kg

Nitrogen balance in cereal-legume-livestock system at Garin Labo Nitrogen balance in cereal-legume-livestock system at Cheyohi, Sarauniya and Garin Labo Results